F08 - Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 This terminology is appropriate for use by gymnasium equipment development professionals, owners and institutions, installers and contractors, specifiers, and other practitioners in matters concerning commercially installed indoor basketball equipment, volleyball equipment, practice cages and divider curtains evaluation, specifications, maintenance, and installation.
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers definitions related to commercially installed basketball equipment, volleyball equipment, practice cages and gymnasium divider curtains for use in public venues such as gymnasium spaces in schools, health clubs, recreation centers, churches and similar facilities available for use by the general public. Terminology may also be used for home gyms or other private use facilities.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are commonly regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are typically mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided as additional information.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the requirements for treestands, climbing sticks, and tripod/tower stands that are used for hunting, photographing, or general observation. It covers ladder treestands; non-climbing, fixed position or hang-on treestands; climbing sticks (continuous); climbing sticks (sectional); and tripods or tower stands. It also applies to three types of climbing treestand: climbing treestand (hand climber), Type I; climbing treestand (sit/stand), Type II; and climbing treestand (sit/stand), Type III.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for treestands, climbing sticks, and tripod/tower stands that are used for hunting, photographing, or general observation. Furthermore, this specification establishes minimum warning and package labeling, instructional content, safety device requirements, and physical testing parameters. This is a performance based specification and is not intended to restrict design.  
1.2 Partial utilization of this specification is prohibited. Any statement of compliance with this specification shall be a certification that the product tested meets all of the requirements of the specification in its entirety. A product that fails to meet any one of the requirements of this specification is considered to have failed this specification and shall not be sold with any indication that it meets parts of the specification.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The Primary Function of a Tennis Court Perimeter Enclosure is to keep tennis balls in and uninvited traffic out. It also serves as a barrier to prevent players from colliding with fixed objects and spectators. It prevents players from running onto irregular or slippery surfaces or into dangerous adjacent areas. Enclosures need to respond to secondary functional requirements, including; spectator viewing, screening the court from wind and visual distractions outside the court, and be as open and welcoming as security considerations permit. Tennis courts were once surrounded by a 10 ft (3050 mm) to 12 ft (3660 mm) high fence. In cases where security or dangerous adjacent conditions are an issue, this type of enclosure is still popular, but in most cases, tennis fences are a variety of heights and can accommodate lights, shade shelters, gates for players and maintenance, and can have completely open portions of the perimeter that lead to decks, grandstands or landscaping.  
5.2 The Intended Use of This Guide is to identify the specific functions and qualities desired of a tennis enclosure and offer recommendations on how to achieve them with a chain link fence, or other enclosure, for different type of tennis courts. Although this standard is focused on chain link fencing that makes up the majority of tennis enclosures, many of the recommendations are applicable to other traditional and new fencing options for tennis court enclosures that are available on the market. This Standard is intended primarily to guide those responsible for, or concerned with, the layout and design of perimeter enclosures for both private and public tennis courts, and where other standards may not apply.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides design recommendations that promote quality construction and aim to reduced maintenance of tennis court enclosures. This guide informs those interested in the design, layout and maintenance of tennis court fencing on the many details and features of such enclosures. This standard describes various types of fence fabric and framework material that are available and refers to other useful resource material for designing better-quality tennis court enclosures.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers wall padding and padding for other indoor structures. All padding constructions are included. Qualification of construction designs and comparison of products shall be discussed. The padding can be classified into two types: Type 1 for permanently attached paddings and Type 2 for removable paddings. The paddings can also be classified into grades: Grade A for coated paddings and Grade B for covered or encased paddings. Physical properties such as shock absorption, gmax, HIC, and thickness shall be determined.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The padding shall be constructed to yield the values listed in Table 1 throughout the impact area under the conditions of the manufacturer's warranty.  (A) As specified by manufacturer  
5.2 Special requirements for the padding shall be subject to purchase agreements. Special requirements shall never reduce any of the basic requirements listed in this standard.  
5.3 Good manufacturing practices shall be used in the construction and inspection of the padding.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers wall padding and padding for other indoor structures. All padding constructions are included. The intended use of this specification is for the qualification of construction designs and comparison of products.
Note 1: This specification was developed due to the numerous designs in existence and the need to provide a method to determine if a wall pad meets a minimum level of protection.
Note 2: There is no equivalent ISO standard.  
1.2 The values as stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are given for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 7.1 for specific hazards statement.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The results of this method quantify the impact attenuation of playing surface and system specimens under the specific test conditions, either within a laboratory or the location the surface system is installed for use.  
5.2 The test method measures the outcome of impacts performed under specific conditions. It does not quantify the intrinsic material properties of the tested specimens.  
5.3 Test results from different specimens obtained under the same conditions (that is, the same missile mass and geometry, drop height, etc.) are used to compare impact attenuation under those conditions.  
5.4 Test results obtained under different conditions are not comparable. Specifically obtained with different missiles are not equivalent and cannot be directly compared. Similarly, test results obtained using the same missile, but using different drop heights, are not directly comparable.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures the impact attenuation of surface systems and materials, specifically the peak impact acceleration (“impact shock”) and calculates the Head Injury Criteria produced under prescribed impact conditions.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to surface systems intended to provide impact attenuation, made of naturally occurring or synthetic materials.  
1.3 This test method is applicable to impact attenuating mats and padding used in sports facilities, including, but not limited to: stadium wall padding, gymnastic mats, wrestling mats, turf playing systems, pole vault landing systems, and playground protective surfacing.  
1.4 This test method is used to measure the impact attenuation of materials and components used as protective padding on trampoline frames, goal posts, etc., provided the material or component can be tested separately from the equipment to which it is attached.  
1.5 Without modifications, this test method shall not be used to test materials and components that are attached to structures or equipment or finished products, unless the impact attenuation of the whole system is of interest.  
1.6 While it is widely believed that lower values for impact attenuation can reduce the severity of impact-related injuries, the relationships between the results of this test method and specific injury risk are within automotive testing data.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the requirements for the design and manufacturing of fitness equipment intended for use by persons with functional limitations and impairments. It aims to assist designers and manufacturers in reducing the possibility of injury when these products are used in accordance with the manufacturer's operational instructions. It covers assistive technologies such as wheelchairs, walkers, crutches, canes, prosthetics, alternative communication devices, and cell phones, as well as requirements for color contrast.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 established additional requirements not set forth in the referenced ASTM standards for the design of commercial fitness equipment to increase access and user independence by people with functional limitations or impairments.  
1.2 The intent of this specification is to ensure that the fitness product being designed for inclusive use by individuals with and without functional limitations or impairments remains functional and safe when the equipment is operated according to the manufacturer’s operational instructions.  
1.3 It is the intent of this specification to specify products for indoor use in a commercial environment by individuals age 13 and above.  
1.4 Products designed to meet this specification must not be automatically classified as fit for medical or rehabilitation fitness purposes. Products intended for medical use should comply with any applicable international or national standards.  
1.5 Where users are exercising from a wheelchair, it is the intent of this specification to specify products for use by individuals using manual or powered wheelchairs (including scooters) (A1.4.5).  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address the needs of every possible user and recognizes that access will not be possible for all individuals or all types of assistive technologies.  
1.7 This specification is to be used in conjunction with Test Method F3022 and other ASTM fitness equipment standards and their accompanying test methods as noted.  
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: Additional specifications applicable to specific pieces of equipment, such as treadmills, bicycles, ellipticals, and strength equipment have been published in the equipment-specific standards.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Currently methods of infill sampling procedures differ from vendor to vendor and from technical agent to technical agent. Providing a uniform procedure for sampling, which allows for a consistent vertical sample, will allow for more consistent and accurate evaluation/measurement in the laboratory of samples taken in the field.  
5.2 The Sampling Program and associated Sample Area Site Plan (Map) shall take into account the specific purpose or purposes of the testing and determine appropriate sample areas based on needs and field conditions. A partial list of possible purposes include:  
5.2.1 General overall field evaluation of the infill material density, overall application rate, total quantities, and infill variation across the field area.  
5.2.2 Infill component composition and variation/uniformity as it relates to infill material weights and ratios. This can identify inconsistencies in construction techniques and quality control.  
5.2.3 Infill material evaluation for injury related surface assessment.  
5.2.4 Infill material end of life and potential reuse assessment.  
5.2.5 Field area contamination assessment.  
5.3 Laboratory testing that may be performed on obtained samples include but are not limited to:  
5.3.1 Test Method C136.  
5.3.2 Test Method D5644.  
5.3.3 Test Method F1632.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a consistent sampling procedure for obtaining infill samples of synthetic turf infill materials in the field.  
1.2 Operational considerations include:  
1.2.1 This method requires that attic stock infill materials or infill materials from areas that are out-of-play be available for refilling holes left by the sampling procedure. Replacement of infill materials shall match the composition of the material removed.  
1.2.2 Using this method to determine the in-situ weight and density will result in unreliable data due to the inclusion of moisture within the infill materials. Proper laboratory procedure including wet weight, dry weight before separation, and component weight after separation ensure no loss, and reliable data.  
1.3 Evaluation and analysis of the samples in the field and or laboratory are not covered herein.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is provided to develop and maintain uniformity in practices for instructions for treestands, climbing sticks (continuous and sectional), tripods, and towers, particularly with regard to quality assurance and safety.  
5.2 It is emphasized that the use of these practices will not alter the validity of data determined with specific tests related to other standards.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides guidance for providing user instructions for treestands.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method can be used to quantify and compare the insulation provided by sleeping bags or sleeping bag systems. It can be used for material and design evaluations.  
5.2 The measurement of the insulation provided by clothing (see Test Method F1291, ISO 15831) and sleeping bags (ISO 23537) is complex and dependent on the apparatus and techniques used. It is not practical in a test method of this scope to establish details sufficient to cover all contingencies. It is feasible that departures from the instructions in this test method will lead to significantly different test results. Technical knowledge concerning the theory of heat transfer, temperature and air motion measurement, and testing practices is needed to evaluate which departures from the instructions given in this test method are significant. Standardization of the method reduces, but does not eliminate, the need for such technical knowledge. Any departures need to be reported with the results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the insulation value of a sleeping bag or sleeping bag system. It measures the resistance to dry heat transfer from a constant skin temperature manikin to a relatively cold environment. This is a static test that generates reproducible results, but the manikin cannot simulate real life sleeping conditions relating to some human and environmental factors, examples of which are listed in the introduction.  
1.2 The insulation values obtained apply only to the sleeping bag or sleeping bag system, as tested, and for the specified thermal and environmental conditions of each test, particularly with respect to air movement past the manikin.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the performance requirements for helmets used by short track speed ice skaters (excluding hockey). The performance requirements to which the helmets shall conform include those for the headform, retention system, impact sites and projections, and impact schedule.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers performance requirements for helmets used by long track and short track speed ice skaters (excluding hockey). This specification recognizes the desirability of lightweight construction and ventilation; however, it is a performance standard and is not intended to restrict design.  
1.2 All testing and requirements of this specification shall be in accordance with Test Methods F1446, except where noted herein.  
1.3 Partial utilization of this specification is prohibited. Any statement of compliance with this specification must be a certification that the headgear meets all of the requirements of the specification in their entirety. A headgear that fails to meet any one of the requirements of this specification is considered to have failed the specification, and shall not be sold with any indication that it meets parts of the specification.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
The specification establishes the standard format, content, number of characters, and physical requirements for bicycle serial numbers that can help facilitate recall campaigns and identification of the item.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard specifies the format, content, number of characters and physical requirements for serial numbers to facilitate recall campaigns and identification of stolen property.  
1.2 This standard is applicable to all bicycles, refer to Classification F2043 on definition for bicycle.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for static loading of various components of treestands, climbing sticks, and tripod/tower stands that are used for hunting, photographing, or general observation. This test method includes the corresponding factors of safety that each component should be evaluated to as shown in Table 1.  
1.2 The values stated are in inch-pound units and are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers performance requirements for headgear used in soccer which are intended to reduce the forces reaching the impact area of the head. However, this specification does not address any injury that may rise from any type of impact that may occur during the play of soccer as the tests covered by this specification are laboratory simulation tests only and do not attempt in any way to recreate actual situations. Materials covered by this specification are test headforms consisting of Hybrid III adult male head and neck assembly and three types of anvils: steel post, headform, and molecular elastomer programmer (MEP). The headgear shall be conditioned in ambient, low temperature, high temperature, and water immersion conditions prior to shock attenuation impact and multiple impact tests. The tests shall involve three types of impact: head to forehead, head to goal post, and head to MEP impacts, and shall conform to the requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification defines performance requirements for headgear used for participation in the sport of soccer. The technical requirements in this specification do not address the administrative requirements of soccer governing bodies, so it should not be assumed that any headgear satisfying this specification will be acceptable for use in sanctioned soccer events.  
1.2 This specification is intended to reduce the forces from external physical sources reaching the defined impact area of the head in impacts that may occur in the sport of soccer. No headgear can provide protection against all impacts, foreseeable or not. This specification does not address the potential for injury from any type of impact. The tests specified in this specification are laboratory simulation tests only, and do not purport to create situations identical to the impacts that may occur during the playing of soccer.  
1.3 All testing and requirements of this specification shall be in accordance with Test Methods F1446, except where noted herein. In the event of a discrepancy between the requirements of this specification and those of Test Methods F1446, this specification shall prevail.  
1.4 Partial utilization of this specification is prohibited. Any statement of compliance with this specification shall be a certification that the headgear meets all of the requirements of this specification in its entirety. Headgear that fails to meet any one of the requirements of this specification is considered to have failed the specification and should not be sold with any indication that it meets parts of the specification.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers child carriers that position the child ahead of the rider and behind the handlebar of a bicycle. These child carriers transport children with a minimum weight of 12 kg and a maximum weight of 27 kg who are capable of sitting unaided.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the physical and performance requirements for qualifying construction designs of competition wrestling mats used in U.S. collegiate or high school style (Type I), and international free style (Type II) wrestling. All mat constructions are included here, except for felt-core mats enclosed in sewn covers. The mats shall be tested and conform accordingly to tensile strength, shock absorption, and thickness requirements.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The mats shall be constructed to yield the values listed in Table 1 throughout the mat area under the conditions of the manufacturer's warranty.  
5.2 Special requirements for the mats shall be subject to purchase agreements. Special requirements shall never reduce any of the basic requirements listed in this standard.  
5.3 Good manufacturing practices shall be used in the construction and inspection of the mats.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers competition wrestling mats used at the high school and college levels. All mat constructions are included, except felt-core mats enclosed in sewn covers. The intended use of this standard is for the qualification of construction designs.  
Note 1: The known constructions, as of the issuance of this specification are: (1) closed-cell foam cores with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or PVC copolymer coatings, or both, which are integral parts of the mat; (2) closed-cell foam cores with attached fabric cover; (3) foam cores, either open- or closed-cell enclosed in sewn, loose covers, and (4) molded open-cell PVC foam with a dense skin on one surface which is an integral part of the mat.
Note 2: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.2 This specification covers mats used in the two major styles of wrestling: U.S. collegiate or high school, and international free style.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Note 6 for specific hazards statements.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods constitute a standard for obtaining data in research and development, quality control, acceptance and rejection under specifications, and for special purposes.  
5.2 The data obtained from use of these test methods are applicable to the system and its components under conditions of the particular test procedures and are not necessarily the same as the data that might be obtained in other environments or use conditions.  
5.3 The selection of test methods or tests should be limited to those appropriate to the system or material(s) being evaluated.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods establish a recommended list from which suitable test methods shall be selected for the identification of physical property characteristics and comparison of the performance properties of synthetic turf systems or components for athletic and recreational uses, or both.  
1.2 Some of the test procedures are suitable only for the laboratory characterization of either components or the complete system; others are suitable for tests on installed sports fields; and some tests may be applied in both the laboratory and the field.  
1.3 The test procedures included in these test methods apply as a group to the description of synthetic turf playing surfaces.  
1.4 Test methods outlined herein cover system components as well as fully assembled synthetic turf systems. Most of the methods measure material and performance properties of turf components. Component properties are not intended to represent the performance of a fully assembled turf system. Component results provide data for quality control, specification compliance, and component performance used in product design.  
1.5 Reference to the methods for testing the synthetic turf playing surface and its components contained herein should state specifically the particular test or tests desired and not refer to this list of test methods as a whole.  
1.6 Several new standards have been added since the last revision of this standard. Other standards, for which more appropriate standards exist, have been removed from this standard. A list of the standards that have been removed and their replacements are listed in Table X1.1 in Appendix X1.  
1.7 This is a physical property characterization standard, and it shall not be construed as a safety standard.  
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers protective face guards designed to be attached to a pre-existing helmet for youth baseball. General requirements for protective face guards shall include mechanical strength, durability, flexibility, finish, padding, attachment system, and shall not cause skin irritation. The face guard shall undergo velocity and impact testing using apparatus such as headform and mounting, ball propelling device, and gage.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers protective face guards for sports such as youth baseball (batters and baserunners).  
1.2 This type of face guard is designed to be attached to a pre-existing helmet.  
1.3 The equipment covered by this specification is intended to reduce hazards of injury to the face, including eyes and mouth, due to impacts from baseballs or softballs.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 5, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers nonpowered trailers intended to be pulled behind bicycles to transport one or two children with accessory loads with a prescribed maximum weight. It includes methods for strength, impact drop, structural integrity in rollover, tipover resistance, single-occupant trailer, double-occupant trailer, coupling security, and system fatigue tests. The tests confirm that this specification is satisfied. The specification also prescribes colors, reflectors, and flags for conspicuity.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a nonpowered trailer intended to be pulled behind a bicycle in order to transport one or two children with an accessory load of a maximum weight of 45.4 kg (100 lb). It includes test methods for confirming that this specification is satisfied.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 The following caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 5, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The minimum and as-sold weight of a bicycle are properties used by consumers to evaluate bicycles. The weight may also be used for specifications, manufacturing standards, and quality control.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers requirements for weighing and marketing bicycles, including all adult, and childrens bicycles.  
1.2 This standard may contain test methods that do not entirely simulate real life situations. The test methods are designed to give reproducible results in a laboratory and, thereby, a means for product comparison.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes parameters for the design and manufacture of fitness equipment intended for use by individuals age 12 and above. The design and construction requirements for the following are specified: (1) stability, (2) support, (3) edges, corners, and tube ends, and (4) moving parts in accessible areas such as rotating and reciprocating points. The equipment shall meet the guarding, enclosure, and spacing requirements specified for: (1) squeeze, shear, and crush points, (2) adjustment and locking means, (3) handgrips (integral, applied, and rotating) and foot support, (4) load development and transmitting components such as ropes, belts, chains, and other means, and chain or gear drives, and (5) intrinsic, extrinsic, and endurance loading. The documentation shall include the following: assembly instructions, list of equipment parts, operational instructions, and maintenance instructions. Adequate warnings or warning labels alerting users, third parties, and service personnel to hazards associated with use and service of the equipment shall be provided for consumer, commercial, and institutional fitness equipment. The requirements for site-specific labels and user weight restrictions are specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes parameters for the design and manufacture of fitness equipment as defined in 3.1.9.  
1.2 It is intended that these fitness products be used in an indoor setting or environment.  
1.3 It is the intent of this specification to specify products for use by individuals age 13 and above.  
1.4 This standard is to be used in conjunction with Test Methods F2571.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers minimum performance criteria and describes test methods for body protectors for use in equine racing in a controlled environment.
Note 1: It is recognized that it is not possible to write a body protector performance standard that will result in products that can protect against all types of injury or death in an accident.  
1.2 It is not the intention of this specification to bar from consideration materials of improved quality or performance not known at time of development of this specification.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the materials, sizing, and manufacturing details of test headforms for use in the testing of protective headgear. This specification identifies the requirements for five test headform size codes: A, E, J, M, and O. All datum levels shall be quoted relative to the reference plane. The headforms shall be symmetrical about the midsagittal plane. Internal geometry may be defined to satisfy the requirements of the individual test specifications. The impact headforms shall be made of K1A-F magnesium, with the prescribed zirconium and magnesium composition, and shall conform to the specified requirements for: external dimensions, performance (resonant frequency), mass, and center of gravity. All impact headforms shall be marked with: headform size, basic plane, reference plane, and midsagittal (longitudinal) and coronal (transverse) planes through the vertical axis. Other headforms shall be made of material of sufficient strength and stiffness to maintain their geometry during testing and shall comply to the external dimension requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard specifies the materials, sizing, and manufacturing details of test headforms for use in the testing of protective headgear. Details of the exterior dimension of the headforms are included.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers low energy air guns (LEAG), commonly referred to as airsoft guns, air soft guns, or soft air guns, or any combination thereof, which propel a low energy air gun projectile. Non-powder guns, paintball markers, toy products, non-recreational guns such as those used by law enforcement, scientific, or military agencies are not covered by this specification. The appropriate warnings and instructions that are to be provided for literature, labels, packages, and procedures for safe use of low energy air guns are addressed in this specification. Literature shall be provided with each low energy air gun and shall include, as applicable, the prescribed instructions and cautionary statements. Packaging shall be labeled in a prominent and conspicuous manner as prescribed. Safety disclaimers shall not be used which dilute or negate the effectiveness of the warnings provided for in these instructions, labeling, and marking requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers airsoft guns, air soft guns, or soft air guns, or any combination thereof, which propel a low energy air gun projectile, as defined in 3.1.2 and meeting the requirements in Specification F2748. These devices are also known as low energy air guns (LEAG).  
1.2 Limitations—This specification does not cover the following categories of gun products: Products covered by Specifications F589 (non-powder guns), F2272 (paintball markers), F2573 (toy products), and F2574 (non-recreational guns such as those used by law enforcement, scientific, or military agencies).  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers eye protectors designed for use by players of handball that minimize or significantly reduce injury to the eye and adnexa due to impact and penetration of balls. Protective eyewear offers protection only to the eyes and does not protect other parts of the head.  
1.2 Impact testing is done in a laboratory setting. Eye contact is determined by observation.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the performance requirements and test methods for paintball markers that propel paintballs using energy released from compressed air, compressed gas, or a combination of compressed air and gas. This does not cover non-recreational paintball markers such as those used in law enforcement, scientific, military or theatrical entities. All paintball markers should be supplied with appropriate literature, packaging, finish, design, and disabling device and shipped according to the specified shipping conditions. Under no circumstances should the cocking or pumping mechanism of a paintball marker cause a marker to discharge unintentionally while the marker is being cocked in accordance to instructions. Markers should not accidentally discharge when exposed to jolts strengths within the specified range.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers paintball markers, which propel a paintball by means of energy released by compressed air, compressed gas, or other means.  
1.2 Limitations—This specification does not cover non-recreational paintball markers, for example, those used by law enforcement, scientific, military or theatrical entities.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard; the inch-pound units in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 8, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method offers a procedure for evaluation of the refractive components of plano-protective eyewear.  
5.2 This test method has been specifically designed for protective eyewear that will not fit into conventional automatic/digital focimeters.  
5.3 This test method has been designed to provide a determination of the image formation quality of plano-protective eyewear.  
5.4 This test method offers a comprehensive refractive power measurement scanning protocol that measures the refractive power over a total 50 mm2 area in front of each eye. This measurement protocol known as the Multiple Gaze Direction Detailed Scan (MGDDS) measures the refractive powers of the zones of the plano-protective eyewear that are typically used as the wearer performs micro eye movements.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to quantify the amount of refractive power (spherical and cylindrical powers) found in planoprotective eyewear.  
1.2 This test method is used to quantify the optical performance of plano-protective eyewear as identified by the weighted root mean square average wavefront error.  
1.3 This test method may also be used to measure the refractive powers of other plano-protective eyewear or ocular devices, or both.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the design and minimum performance criteria, and associated test methods (including apparatuses required for) for body protectors used in horse sports and horseback riding. The body protectors shall meet specified requirements for the material used, protector assembly, extent and form of protective material, attachments, and dimension, sizing, and body coverage. The testing procedures that the body protectors shall go through are shock attenuation test, penetration and deformation test, impact sites test, padding separation test, and closure test. Prior to testing, each body protector should be conditioned in accordance to ambient temperature, low temperature, high temperature, and water immersion.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers minimum performance criteria and describes test methods for body protectors for use in horse sports and horseback riding.  
1.2 It is not the intention of this specification to bar from consideration materials of improved quality or performance not known at the time of development of this specification.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This method is performed to evaluate if paintball barrier netting will prevent an intact paintball or shell fragments exceeding 3 by 5 mm (0.118 by 0.197 in.) from passing through the netting.  
4.2 This test method provides accurate results about the current effectiveness of the test specimen when field-tested in an existing installation. Laboratory results are particularly useful for testing the relative effectiveness of multiple test specimens.  
4.3 The results stemming from the use of this test method may be used to evaluate the effectiveness of paintball barrier netting represented by the test specimen for use in delineating “goggles-on” areas found at paintball playing fields.  
4.4 The base procedure outlined below is applicable to “field-testing.” Additional requirements for “laboratory” testing are noted.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is designed to evaluate paintball barrier netting that may be used to delineate playing fields, chronograph areas, target ranges, and other “goggle-on” areas of an active paintball site. An apparatus is suggested to evaluate paintball barrier netting in a laboratory. On site testing does not require such an apparatus.  
1.2 This standard is designed to be used in conjunction with Guide F2184.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard; the inch-pound units in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This practice sets forth procedures for operating a paintball playing field. The goal is to assist paintball field operators in running a safe business. Like any other physical activity, paintball presents a potential for injury. No procedural practice can prevent all injuries, especially when paintball players do not follow safety instructions. The ultimate responsibility for preventing injury lies with the paintball player. This practice, however, intends to promote safe paintball field operation through standardization of operating practice.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes minimum safety requirements for the operation of paintball playing game sites, and provides for certain materials and procedures required.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers paintball barrel blocking devices that may be inserted or otherwise function to prevent a paintball from leaving the muzzle or the confines of the barrel blocking device intact.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers warnings used on paintball marker accessories used in the sport of paintball. It states that all of the paintball marker accessories for use in the sport of paintball shall include a cautionary statement which prominently and durably conveys certain information on the instruction sheet, the packaging, or the product itself, or a combination thereof.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers warnings used on paintball marker accessories used in the sport of paintball. The warnings contained in this standard are intended for products that do not have individual ASTM standards which contain product specific warnings.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods offer a laboratory means to quantitatively compare the performance of baseball and softball bats.  
4.2 Use of these test methods can provide quantitative metrics of bat performance.
SCOPE
1.1 A method for determining bat performance by measuring the bat-ball coefficient of restitution (BBCOR), deriving the collision efficiency (ea), and calculating a batted-ball speed (BBS). It is applicable to baseball and softball bats of any construction or material. The test methods provide quantitative measures of bat dynamic performance that may be used for comparison purposes.  
1.2 The BBCOR and BBS are each calculated from measurements taken in the laboratory on test equipment meeting the requirements defined in this standard.  
1.3 Bat performance is found in this standard assuming the bat is unconstrained.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Specific safety rules and procedures are important in order to minimize the risk of injury to persons in the general area of paintball markers and gas propellant storage vessels.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard is intended to satisfy the demand for basic safety information, which should be understood by each paintball game participant, prior to the start of the player’s first game on the day of play.  
1.2 The information specifies rules of personal conduct, which might affect the safety of persons who are in close proximity to a paintball marker or a propellant gas storage vessel.  
1.3 The information includes procedures to be followed by every person who is in, or near, an area where paintballs are being shot, and to the use of safety equipment related to paintball games or paintball target shooting activities. These procedures are to be followed any time a paintball marker is being handled.  
1.4 This standard is intended to be a useful tool for paintball game organizers, but it is not intended to eliminate the need for proper field operation conforming to Specification F1777.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This standard practice outlines procedures for conducting a form of low impact paintball games through the establishment of specific game rules and equipment requirements aimed at reducing the discomfort sometimes experienced by players. Like any other physical activity, paintball can cause injury, especially when players do not follow safety instructions. This practice establishes minimum safety requirements for the operation of Low Impact Paintball Playing Fields and covers basic paintball safety rules, field orientation and safety briefing, barrel blocking device regulation, goggles, chronographing procedures, required signs, emergency requirements, adequate staffing during games, fill station, and filling of paintball air systems and cylinders. It also covers adequate spectator provisions and staging area, protective barriers, game area requirements, low impact paintball markers, game rule restrictions, velocity restrictions, and paintball high pressure propellant gas storage vessel requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes minimum safety requirements for the operation of Low Impact Paintball Playing Fields, and provides for certain required materials and procedures.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the general requirements and characteristics, minimum warning information, and package labeling details for 6 mm projectiles used with low energy air guns to help define whether such projectile is suitable for use in the sport commonly called airsoft, air soft, or soft air.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes requirements and characteristics of airsoft gun projectiles which help define whether an airsoft gun is suitable for use in the sport commonly called airsoft, air soft, or soft air. Furthermore, the specification establishes minimum warning and package labeling to help ensure that the low energy airgun projectiles are used in a safe manner and that the risk of injury is reduced.  
1.2 Limitations—This specification does not cover the following categories of projectiles: Projectiles covered by Consumer Safety Specification F590 (non-powder guns projectiles), Specification F1979 (paintballs), Specification F2573, and Specification F2574; liquid filled or metallic projectiles, toy products, and non-recreational projectiles such as those used by law enforcement, scientific, or military agencies.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods offer a laboratory means to quantitatively compare the performance of softball and baseball bats.
SCOPE
1.1 A method for determining bat performance by measuring the bat-ball coefficient of restitution (BBCOR) and deriving the bat performance factor (BPF). It is applicable to softball and baseball bats of any construction or material. The method provides a quantitative measure of bat dynamic performance that may be used for comparison purposes.  
1.2 The BBCOR and BPF are calculated from measurements taken in the laboratory on test equipment meeting the requirements defined in this method.  
1.3 Bat performance is found in this standard assuming the bat is pivoted.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes a minimum outer diameter for Bicycle Grips and End Closures applied to tubular handlebars mounted on bicycles designed for cyclists who are 12 years of age or younger. It specifies testing requirements for the durability of the ends of the Bicycle Grips and End Closures for all bicycles where the tubular handlebar end axes are oriented within 60 degrees of parallel to the axle axis of the steering wheel. This specification applies to the "BMX" and "Mountain" style tubular handlebars, but not to the "Drop" (also known as road race) style.
The following characteristics are covered by this specification: Bicycle Grip outer diameter; Bicycle Grip or End Closure diameter or both; and Bicycle Grip or End Closure retention or both. This specification is not intended to dictate the design, materials, or construction of Bicycle Grips and End Closures.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 These tests are intended to address the Bicycle Grip with regard to steering control, durability and potential reduction in injury during an accident.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes a minimum outer diameter for the Bicycle Grip or End Closure, and the method for determining if the grip or End Closure meets the diameter.  
1.2 This specification checks the following characteristics:  
1.2.1 Bicycle Grip outer diameter,  
1.2.2 Bicycle Grip or End Closure diameter or both, and  
1.2.3 Bicycle Grip or End Closure retention or both.  
1.3 This specification establishes testing requirements for the durability of Bicycle Grips and End Closures. It represents a performance standard and is not intended to dictate the design, materials, or construction of those closures.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification provides a description of a test method for protective headgear used in horse sports and horseback riding that will measure the ability of the headgear to reduce head acceleration when impacting objects of various shapes. Materials covered by this specification include the pair of appropriate size headform and helmet and the anvils for the impacts tests, which consist of the flat anvil and the equestrian hazard anvil. The helmet shall be conditioned in the following environments: ambient, low temperature, high temperature, and water immersion, and shall be impacted at each of four sites centered on or anywhere above the center of the impact line (two sites on the flat anvil and two sites on the equestrian hazard anvil). Dynamic loading and helmet stability tests shall be performed and shall conform to the requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers minimum performance criteria and describes test methods for protective headgear for use in horse sports and horseback riding.  
1.2 It is not the intention of this specification to bar from consideration materials of improved quality or performance not known at the time of development of this specification.  
1.3 All testing and requirements of this specification shall be in accordance with Test Methods F1446, except where noted herein.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for quality assurance and production control purposes with recognition that individual usage will vary considerably. This test method is not intended to be an independent material or product-acceptance test.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedures for determining the capability of climbing and ladder treestands, climbing sticks (Sectional and Continuous), and tripods/towers to withstand repeated loading relative to the manufacturer's rated capacity. For actual specification requirements for each subject unit refer to Specification F3249.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification specifies impact attenuation performance requirements for playground surfaces and surfacing materials and provides a means of determining impact attenuation performance using a test method that simulates the impact of a child’s head with the surface. The test method quantifies impact in terms of g-max and Head Injury Criterion (HIC) scores. G-max is the measure of the maximum acceleration (shock) produced by an impact. The Head Injury Criterion or HIC score is an empirical measure of impact severity based on published research describing the relationship between the magnitude and duration of impact accelerations and the risk of head trauma..Two test methods shall be used to determine the impact attenuation of a playground surface or surfacing materials: critical fall height test, and installed surface performance test. The following apparatus shall be required for implementation of the two test methods: temperature measuring device, impact test system, acceleration measurement system, drop height measurement system, and battery-operated equipment.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 The purpose of this specification is to establish minimum impact attenuation requirements for playground surfacing materials in order to reduce the risk of severe head injury from falls.  
6.2 This specification provides a uniform means of quantifying the impact attenuation performance of playground surfacing materials and is appropriately used to compare the relative performance of different playground surfacing materials.  
6.3 This specification is to be used as a reference for specifying the impact attenuation performance of playground surfacing materials.  
6.4 In combination with data relating impact test scores to head injury, the information generated by application of this specification is suitable to estimate the relative risk of a severe head injury due to a fall.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes minimum performance requirements for the impact attenuation of playground surfacing materials installed within the use zone of playground equipment.  
1.2 This specification is specific to surfacing used in conjunction with playground equipment, such as that described in Specifications F1148, F1487, F1918, CSAZ614 (Canada), and SS457 (Singapore).  
1.3 This specification establishes an impact attenuation performance criterion for playground surfacing materials; expressed as a critical fall height.  
1.4 This specification establishes procedures for determining the critical fall height of playground surfacing materials under laboratory conditions. The laboratory test is mandatory for surfaces to conform to the requirements of this specification.  
1.5 The laboratory test required by this specification addresses the performance of dry surfacing materials.  
1.6 This specification also provides optional procedures to determine the critical fall height under wet or frozen test conditions, or both.  
1.7 The critical fall height of a playground surfacing material determined under laboratory conditions does not account for important factors that have the potential to influence the actual performance of installed surfacing materials. Factors that are known to affect surfacing material performance include but are not limited to aging, moisture, maintenance, exposure to temperature extremes (for example, freezing), exposure to ultraviolet light, contamination with other materials, compaction, loss of thickness, shrinkage, submersion in water, and so forth.  
1.8 The impact attenuation specification and test methods established in this specification are specific to the risk of head injury. There is only limited evidence that conformance with the requirements of this specification reduces the risk of other kinds of serious injury (for example, long bone fractures).
Note 1: The relative risk of fatality and of different degrees of head injury may be estimated using the information in Appendix X1, which...

ABSTRACT
This specification covers performance requirements and corresponding test methods for protective headgear used in women's lacrosse (excluding goalkeepers). It addresses forces of some of the incidental stick and ball to headgear impacts to non-goaltending field players that may occur while engaging in women's lacrosse.
Included in this specification are the classification of women's lacrosse headgear (adult and youth); materials construction; apparatus used for testing; calibration of instrumentation used in testing; samples for testing; conditioning requirements; projectile requirements; and product marking. Headgear shall undergo and pass shock absorption, ball impact absorption, and deformation tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification defines performance requirements for headgear to be used by field player’s participating in the sport of women’s lacrosse. The technical requirements in this specification do not address the administrative requirements of lacrosse governing bodies, so it should not be assumed that any headgear satisfying this specification will be acceptable for use in sanctioned lacrosse events.  
1.2 The purpose of this specification is to provide reliable and repeatable test methods for the evaluation of protective headgear for women’s adult and youth lacrosse training and play. When designated optional equipment by lacrosse governing bodies, it is important that it not increase the risk of injury to players who choose not to wear it. Impacts from stick, ball, other player, ground, or other objects may be decreased in severity by use of this headgear. However, the relationship between impact and injury is not fully understood.  
1.3 No headgear can provide protection against all impacts, foreseeable or not. This specification does not address the potential for injury from any type of impact.  
1.4 All testing and requirements of this specification shall be in accordance with Test Methods F1446 and Specification F3077, except where noted in this specification. If there is a conflict between this standard and Test Methods F1446 and Specification F3077, this standard shall control.  
1.5 Partial compliance with this standard is prohibited.  
1.6 The values stated in SI (International System of Units) units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. Metric units of measurement in this specification are in accordance with the International System of Units (SI). If a value for measurement as given in this specification is followed by an equivalent value in other units, the first stated is to be regarded as the requirement. A given equivalent value may be approximate.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is intended to measure the maximum arrest force and dynamic strength on treestand FAS and components or subsystems. This test is intended for program quality assurance and production quality control purposes. It is not intended to be an independent material or product acceptance test.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the load capacities for treestand fall arrest systems (FAS) and components or subsystems.  
1.2 This test method addresses equipment used in hunting situations requiring personal protection against falls from heights and applies to the manufacturers, distributors, purchasers, and users of such equipment.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The static compression-displacement of a baseball or softball is a mechanical property which can correlate to dynamic properties.  
5.2 This test method is suitable for obtaining data in research and development, quality control, and classifying balls by the compression-displacement.  
5.3 Sports associations can use compression-displacement standards in specifications for official baseballs and softballs standards in specifications for official baseballs and softballs for purposes of consistency of performance.  
5.4 This same test procedure can be utilized with other compressive forces and the specified force is not necessarily the same as experienced in actual use.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a comparative measurement method for baseballs and softballs as defined by a static compression displacement test.  
1.2 This test method is based on a slow rate force-displacement measurement.  
1.3 This procedure is for baseballs and softballs meeting standards established by the sports' governing bodies.
Note 1: Since the compression-displacement of baseballs and softballs can influence the performance characteristics, this test provides a simple method to compare and categorize such balls based on force levels in a standardized compression-displacement test.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers critical characteristics of low velocity resilient material projectiles made from a resilient material. Material diameter, shape, projectile hardness, and weight shall conform to the dimensions indicated in this specification. This specification establishes minimum warning information, instructions, and package labeling for safety.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers critical characteristics of low velocity resilient material projectiles (herein referred to as LVRM projectiles) made of a resilient material, and shall have a diameter no smaller than 20 mm (0.7874 in.) and no greater than 30 mm (1.18 in.), with a hardness no greater than 75 Shore 00 in accordance with Specification D2240. This specification helps define whether a projectile is suitable for use with a low velocity projectile marker (herein referred to as LVP marker as defined in Specification F2574). The weight of the LVRM projectile is not to exceed 4.0 g. Furthermore, this specification establishes minimum warning and package labeling to help ensure that the LVRM projectiles are used in a safe manner and that the risk of injury is reduced.  
1.2 A LVRM projectile is not a paintball as defined in Section 2.1.2 of Specification F1979.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide recommends minimum installation requirements to provide a reasonable degree of safety in the normal use of paintball barrier netting.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides recommendations for the installation of paintball barrier netting that may be used to delineate playing fields, chronograph areas, target ranges, and other “goggle-on” areas of an active paintball site.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers low velocity projectile (LVP) markers that eject a low velocity resilient material (LVRM) projectile using compressed air, compressed gas, or a combination of both. Included in this specification are performance requirements and test methods for LVP markers as well as the minimum warnings and instructions that need to be provided in literature, on labels, on packaging, and on the marker itself. The LVP markers shall be manufactured to operate only in semi-automatic or pump mode and with exposed edges that shall be smooth and free of sharp edges and burrs. LVP markers shall be provided with a disabling device which shall keep it from firing and with a provision against accidental discharge. The markers shall undergo tests for disabling device, accidental discharge, barrel blocking device, and impact, and shall conform to the requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers low velocity projectile markers (herein referred to as LVP marker) that propel a low velocity resilient material projectile (herein referred to as LVRM projectile as defined in Specification F2573) by means of energy released by compressed air, compressed gas, or a combination thereof, with velocity not to exceed 53.34 m/s (175 ft/s).  
1.2 LVRM projectiles are made of a resilient material and have a diameter no smaller than 20 mm (0.7874 in.) and no greater than 30 mm (1.18 in.). The hardness of the LVRM projectile is to be no greater than 75 Shore 00. The weight of the LVRM projectile is not to exceed 4.0 g.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 8, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Petrographic examinations are made for the following purposes:  
5.1.1 To determine the mineralogy of the material that may be observed by petrographic methods (in this method, by use of XRD) and that may have a bearing on the performance of the material in its intended use.  
5.1.2 To determine the relative amounts of the constituents of the sample which is essential for proper evaluation of the sample when the constituents may differ significantly in properties that have a bearing on the performance of the material in its intended use.  
5.1.3 This method helps to evaluate mineral aggregate sources for suitability as a material to be used for construction, renovation, or modification of equine surfaces. The information gathered will allow for the comparison of the composition of new mineral sources with samples of other mineral aggregate from one or more sources, for which test data or performance records are available.  
5.2 This method may be used by a petrographer employed directly by those for whom the examination is made. The employer should tell the petrographer, in as much detail as necessary, the purposes and objectives of the examination, the kind of information needed, and the extent of examination desired. Pertinent background information, including results of prior testing, should be made available. The petrographer’s advice and judgment should be sought regarding the extent of the examination.  
5.3 This method may form the basis for establishing arrangements between a purchaser of consulting petrographic service and the petrographer. In such a case, the purchaser and the consultant should together determine the kind, extent, and objectives of the examination and analyses to be made and should record their agreement in writing. The agreement may stipulate specific determinations to be made, observations to be reported, funds to be obligated, or a combination of these or other conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 X-Ray diffraction (XRD) is a tool for identifying minerals, such as quartz and feldspar, and types of clay present in bulk samples of equine surfaces. Determining the mineralogy of a given bulk sample provides insight into surface properties, such as abrasion resistance by comparing the relative differences of hardness of the various mineral fractions such as quartz or feldspar or the plasticity differences in clay minerals such as smectite or kaolinite. XRD techniques are qualitative in nature and only semi-quantitative.  
1.2 Particle size distribution analyses methods including hydrometer tests to determine proportions of sand, silt, and clay fractions based upon particle size but are not able to distinguish particles by shape or mineralogy of materials. In addition to a qualitative detection of minerals present in a sample, XRD methods are also semi-quantitative and also yield important data on the relative proportion of particular minerals present.  
1.3 XRD techniques are generally semi-quantitative in nature. Even so, such semiquantitative data is useful in determining relative proportions of each mineral type. This method is also semi-qualitative in nature as it is geared for the determination or mineral groups. For example, it will determine the relative amount of alkali feldspars (such as K-feldspar or Nafeldspar) from Plagioclase-feldspar but not necessarily if the Plagioclase-feldspar is albite or anorthite nor whether the K-feldspar is orthoclase of microcline. Likewise, it will differentiate smectite from mica from kaolinite but not whether the smectite is montmorillonite or saponite. More precise determination of mineral species by XRD is possible but involves more advanced preparation and treatment methods than what is within the scope of this standard.  
1.4 The XRD method herein primarily makes use of “Glass Slide Method” but may be subject to modification depending on the user’s needs.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety c...

ABSTRACT
This specification outlines the basic performance requirements and corresponding test methods for barrel blocking devices used in the sport of air soft. It covers air soft gun barrel blocking devices that may be inserted or otherwise function to prevent an airsoft projectile from leaving the muzzle or the confines of the barrel blocking device. The performance requirements and test methods are intended to provide a reasonable degree of safety in the normal use of barrel blocking devices in air soft guns. The specification describes the barrel blocking device retention test that must be performed to ensure that the barrel blocking device will remain in or over the barrel and prevent an air soft projectile from exiting the muzzle or the confines of the barrel blocking device. It also requires the inclusion of a user's manual outlining the proper installation and usage of the device.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers air soft gun barrel blocking devices that may be inserted or otherwise function to prevent an airsoft projectile from leaving the muzzle or the confines of the barrel blocking device.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
These specifications cover the design and performance requirements, and associated test procedures for helmets used in the activities of skateboarding and trick roller skating. When tested, the helmets shall meet specified requirements for the peak acceleration and time duration, headforms and sizes, anvils for impact (flat, cylindrical hazard, and triangular hazard anvils), dynamic strength retention system, and impact sites, velocity, and schedule.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers performance requirements for helmets to be used in the activities of skateboarding and trick roller skating.  
1.2 All testing and requirements of this specification shall be in accordance with Test Methods F1446, except where noted herein.  
1.3 Partial utilization of this specification is prohibited. Any statement of compliance with this specification shall be a certification that the headgear meets all of the requirements of the specification in their entirety. A headgear that fails to meet any one of the requirements of this specification is considered to have failed the specification, and shall not be sold with any indication that it meets parts of the specification.  
1.4 This standard is subject to revision at any time by ASTM. It must be reviewed every five years and if not revised either reapproved or withdrawn. References to the standard must include the version date. No references to a version that has been replaced or withdrawn shall be placed on any product or its packaging manufactured more than 24 months after the effective revision or withdrawal date. Go to astm.org to verify the latest version of this standard.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of these test methods is to provide reliable and repeatable tests for the evaluation of various types of protective headgear when subjected to rotational loading. Use of these test methods in conjunction with the specific individual performance standards is intended to reduce the likelihood of serious injury and death resulting from impacts to the head sustained by individuals participating in sports, recreation, and other leisure activities in which protective headgear is worn.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers laboratory equipment, procedures, and basic requirements pertinent to testing the performance of helmets during rotational loading using an incline anvil. Deviations and additions to this test method will be specified, as required, in individual ASTM performance standards.  
1.2 Requirements—The helmet may be tested under one or more specified environmental conditions for impact attenuation (the limiting of impact forces) as a result of a vertical free-fall onto an incline anvil.  
1.3 Except where noted, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.