ASTM E2601-15
(Practice)Standard Practice for Radiological Emergency Response
Standard Practice for Radiological Emergency Response
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 It is essential for response agency personnel to plan, develop, implement, and train on standardized guidelines that encompass policy, strategy, operations, and tactical decisions prior to responding to a radiological incident. Use of this standard practice is recommended for all levels of the response structure.
5.2 Documents developed from this standard practice should be referenced and revised as necessary and reviewed on a two-year cycle. The review should consider new and updated requirements and guidance, technologies, and other information or equipment that might have a significant impact on the management and outcome of radiological incidents.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides decision-making considerations for response to incidents that involve radioactive materials. It provides information and guidance for what to include in response planning, and what activities to conduct during a response. The scope of this standard practice does not explicitly consider response to INDs or nuclear power plant accidents.3 It does not expressly address emergency response to contamination of food or water supplies.
1.2 This practice applies to those emergency response agencies that have a role in the response to a radiological incident, excluding an IND incident. It should be used in emergency services response such as law enforcement, fire department, and emergency medical response actions.
1.3 This practice assumes that implementation begins with the recognition of a radiological incident and ends when emergency response actions cease or the response is assumed by specialized regional, state, or federal response teams.
1.4 AHJs using this practice will identify hazards, develop a plan, acquire and track equipment, and provide training consistent with the descriptions provided in Section 6. AHJs not able to meet the requirements should refer to the United States (US) Department of Transportation (DOT) Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG) for guidance on how to manage radiological incidents (DOT, current version). This standard practice provides additional guidance and is not intended to replace the ERG, rather to supplement it (see Annex A14).
1.5 This standard practice does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard practice to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E2601 − 15
Standard Practice for
1
Radiological Emergency Response
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2601; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
One of the legacies of the Oklahoma City bombing and the attacks of September 11, 2001 is
recognition that terrorists use weapons of mass destruction (WMD). This awareness has changed the
philosophy of emergency response across disciplines. Incident response is still based on accepted
procedures and safe work practices developed over the years, but the new mission must include
concernsthatarespecifictoanintentionalreleaseofhazardousmaterialsdesignedtokillorinjureand
cause destruction of property. This standard practice provides guidance for responding to incidents
where radioactive materials might be used with that intent. The standard also applies guidance for
general radiological emergency response. The purpose of the guidance is to save lives, minimize
radiation dose, and move members of the public out of perceived danger areas.
Thisstandardpracticeprovidesdecisionmakingconsiderationsthatjurisdictionscanusetorespond
to incidents that involve radioactive materials. The standard practice provides a consistent set of
practices that can be incorporated into the development, planning, training, and implementation of
guidelines for radiological emergency response.The standard practice does not incorporate long-term
2
recovery or mitigation considerations, nor does it include provisions for improvised nuclear device
(INDs) detonations or nuclear power plant (NPP) accidents. Jurisdictions using the standard practice
shall incorporate their own procedures for notification and requests for assistance from specialized
radiological response assets.
The following are key concepts associated with this standard practice:
The standard practice applies to the emergency phase of an event (0 to 24 h or until specialized
resources arrive on scene if they are requested).
Itadherestoarisk-basedresponse;thismeanstheguidancepresentedisintendedtobecoupledwith
the authority having jurisdiction’s (AHJ’s) understanding of local vulnerability and capability when
developing its plans and guidance documents on the subject.
ItiscompliantwiththeNationalIncidentManagementSystem(NIMS)andusesIncidentCommand
System (ICS) common terminology. Full compliance with NIMS is recognized as an essential part of
emergency response planning. In developing this standard practice, every effort was made to ensure
that all communications between organizational elements during an incident are presented in plain
languageaccordingtoNIMS2007.InkeepingwiththisNIMSrequirement,keydefinitionsandterms,
using plain English, are incorporated.
It is not intended for large-scale nuclear scenarios (for example, IND), which may quickly exhaust
the capabilities of local emergency responders.
Thestandardpracticeisnotintendedtopreparecommunitiesfornuclearpowerplantaccidents.The
state of preparedness for communities in close proximity to nuclear power plants far exceeds the
minimum requirements and capabilities described in this standard practice.
TRACEM (Thermal, Radiological, Asphyxiant, Chemical, Etiological, Mechanical) issues were
considered throughout. While response to radiological hazards is the focus of this standard practice,
responders must consider all hazards during a response; it is possible that non-radiological hazards
may present a greater danger at an incident.
The standard practice does not address airborne contamination levels of radioactive materials
exposure. Equipment to determine this potential hazard is not widely available in emergency
responder communities. Respiratory protection is required for emergency responders until a complete
hazard identification assessment is complete.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2601 − 15
1. Scope Criteria for Alarming Personal Radiation Detectors for
5
Homeland Security
1.1 This practice provides decision-making considerations
ANSI N42.49AAmerican National Standard for Perfor-
for response to incidents that involve radioactive materials. It
mance Criteria for Alarming Electronic Personal Emer-
provides information and guidance for what to include in
gency Radiation Detectors (PERDs) for Exposure Con-
response planning, a
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2601 − 08 E2601 − 15
Standard Practice for
1
Radiological Emergency Response
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2601; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
One of the legacies of the Oklahoma City bombing and the attacks of September 11, 2001 is
recognition that terrorists use weapons of mass destruction (WMD). This awareness has changed the
philosophy of emergency response across disciplines. Incident response is still based on accepted
procedures and safe work practices developed over the years, but the new mission must include
concerns that are specific to an intentional release of hazardous materials designed to kill or injure and
cause destruction of property. This standard practice provides guidance for responding to incidents
where radioactive materials might be used with that intent. The standard also applies guidance for
general radiological emergency response. The purpose of the guidance is to save lives, preventmini-
mize radiation dose, and move members of the public out of perceived danger areas.
This standard practice provides decision making considerations that jurisdictions can use to respond
to incidents that involve radioactive materials. The standard practice provides a consistent set of
practices that can be incorporated into the development, planning, training, and implementation of
guidelines for radiological emergency response. The standard practice does not incorporate long-term
recovery or mitigation considerations, nor does it include provisions for improvised nuclear
2
devicesdevice (INDs). (INDs) detonations or nuclear power plant (NPP) accidents. Jurisdictions
using the standard practice shall incorporate their own procedures for notification and requests for
assistance from specialized radiological response assets.
The following are key concepts associated with this standard practice:
The standard practice applies to the emergency phase of an event (0 to 24 h or until specialized
resources arrive on scene if they are requested).
It adheres to a risk-based response; this means the guidance presented is intended to be coupled with
the authority having jurisdiction’s (AHJ’s) understanding of local vulnerability and capability when
developing its plans and guidance documents on the subject.
It is compliant with the National Incident Management System (NIMS) and uses Incident Command
System (ICS) common terminology. Full compliance with NIMS is recognized as an essential part of
emergency response planning. In developing this standard, standard practice, every effort was made
to ensure that all communications between organizational elements during an incident are presented
in plain language according to NIMS 2007. In keeping with this NIMS requirement, key definitions
and terms, using plain English, are incorporated.
It is not intended for large-scale nuclear scenarios (for example, IND), which may quickly exhaust
the capabilities of local emergency responders.
The standard practice is not intended to prepare communities for nuclear power plant accidents. The
state of preparedness for communities in close proximity to nuclear power plants far exceeds the
minimum requirements and capabilities described in this standard. standard practice.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E54 on Homeland Security Applications and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E54.02 on
Emergency Preparedness, Training, and Procedures.
Current edition approved July 1, 2008Feb. 15, 2015. Published August 2008March 2015. Originally approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as
E2601 – 08. DOI: 10.1520/E2601-08.10.1520/E2601-15.
2
An improvised nuclear device is defined as follows: A device incorporating fissile materials designed or constructed outside of an official government agency and that
has, or appears to have, or is claimed to have the capability to produce a nuclear explosion. It also may be a nuclear weapon that is no longer in the custody of competent
authority or custodian, or has been modified from its designated firing sequence, or it may have been assembled from illegally obtained nuclear weapons components or special
nuclear materials.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken,
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2601 − 15
Standard Practice for
1
Radiological Emergency Response
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2601; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
One of the legacies of the Oklahoma City bombing and the attacks of September 11, 2001 is
recognition that terrorists use weapons of mass destruction (WMD). This awareness has changed the
philosophy of emergency response across disciplines. Incident response is still based on accepted
procedures and safe work practices developed over the years, but the new mission must include
concerns that are specific to an intentional release of hazardous materials designed to kill or injure and
cause destruction of property. This standard practice provides guidance for responding to incidents
where radioactive materials might be used with that intent. The standard also applies guidance for
general radiological emergency response. The purpose of the guidance is to save lives, minimize
radiation dose, and move members of the public out of perceived danger areas.
This standard practice provides decision making considerations that jurisdictions can use to respond
to incidents that involve radioactive materials. The standard practice provides a consistent set of
practices that can be incorporated into the development, planning, training, and implementation of
guidelines for radiological emergency response. The standard practice does not incorporate long-term
2
recovery or mitigation considerations, nor does it include provisions for improvised nuclear device
(INDs) detonations or nuclear power plant (NPP) accidents. Jurisdictions using the standard practice
shall incorporate their own procedures for notification and requests for assistance from specialized
radiological response assets.
The following are key concepts associated with this standard practice:
The standard practice applies to the emergency phase of an event (0 to 24 h or until specialized
resources arrive on scene if they are requested).
It adheres to a risk-based response; this means the guidance presented is intended to be coupled with
the authority having jurisdiction’s (AHJ’s) understanding of local vulnerability and capability when
developing its plans and guidance documents on the subject.
It is compliant with the National Incident Management System (NIMS) and uses Incident Command
System (ICS) common terminology. Full compliance with NIMS is recognized as an essential part of
emergency response planning. In developing this standard practice, every effort was made to ensure
that all communications between organizational elements during an incident are presented in plain
language according to NIMS 2007. In keeping with this NIMS requirement, key definitions and terms,
using plain English, are incorporated.
It is not intended for large-scale nuclear scenarios (for example, IND), which may quickly exhaust
the capabilities of local emergency responders.
The standard practice is not intended to prepare communities for nuclear power plant accidents. The
state of preparedness for communities in close proximity to nuclear power plants far exceeds the
minimum requirements and capabilities described in this standard practice.
TRACEM (Thermal, Radiological, Asphyxiant, Chemical, Etiological, Mechanical) issues were
considered throughout. While response to radiological hazards is the focus of this standard practice,
responders must consider all hazards during a response; it is possible that non-radiological hazards
may present a greater danger at an incident.
The standard practice does not address airborne contamination levels of radioactive materials
exposure. Equipment to determine this potential hazard is not widely available in emergency
responder communities. Respiratory protection is required for emergency responders until a complete
hazard identification assessment is complete.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2601 − 15
1. Scope Criteria for Alarming Personal Radiation Detectors for
5
Homeland Security
1.1 This practice provides decision-making considerations
ANSI N42.49A American National Standard for Perfor-
for response to incidents that involve radioactive materials. It
mance Criteria for Alarming Electronic Personal Emer-
provides information and guidance for what to include in
gency Radiation Detectors (PERDs) for Exposure Con-
response planning, and what activities to conduct during a
5
trol
response. The sc
...
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