ASTM F2245-18

Standard Specification for Design and Performance of a Light Sport Airplane

ABSTRACT
This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.” In order to comply with flight requirements, the following shall be evaluated: load distribution limit, propeller speed and pitch limit, stalling speed, takeoff, climb, landing, balked landing, controllability and maneuverability, vibrations, and ground control and stability. For compliance of structure requirements, the following shall be considered: flight loads; control surface and system loads; horizontal stabilizing and balancing surfaces (balancing loads, maneuvering loads, and gust loads); vertical stabilizing surfaces (maneuvering loads, gust loads, and outboard fins or winglets); supplementary conditions for stabilizing surfaces; ailerons, wing flaps, and special devices; ground load conditions; water load conditions; emergency landing conditions; and other loads. The aircraft shall be designed with the following minimum instrumentation and equipment: flight and navigation instruments such as airspeed indicator, and altimeter; powerplant instruments such as fuel quantity indicator, tachometer (RPM), engine “kill” switch, and engine instruments; miscellaneous equipment such as master switch, and overload protection device; and safety belts and harnesses. Each airplane shall include a Pilot Operating Handbook (POH).
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.”  
1.2 This specification is applicable to the design of a light sport aircraft/airplane as defined by regulations and limited to VFR flight.  
1.3 Units—The values given in this standard are in SI units and are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound (or other) units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents. Where it may not be clear, some equations provide the units of the result directly following the equation.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2018
• ICS: 49.020 - Aircraft and space vehicles in general
• Technical Committee: F37 - Light Sport Aircraft
• Drafting Committee: F37.20 - Airplane

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:F2245 −18
Standard Specification for
1
Design and Performance of a Light Sport Airplane
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2245; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope F2506Specification for Design and Testing of Light Sport
Aircraft Propellers
1.1 Thisspecificationcoversairworthinessrequirementsfor
F2538Practice for Design and Manufacture of Reciprocat-
the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an
ingCompressionIgnitionEnginesforLightSportAircraft
“airplane.”
F2564Specification for Design and Performance of a Light
1.2 This specification is applicable to the design of a light
Sport Glider
sport aircraft/airplane as defined by regulations and limited to
F2746Specification for Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH)
VFR flight.
for Light Sport Airplane
1.3 Units—The values given in this standard are in SI units F2840Practice for Design and Manufacture of Electric
Propulsion Units for Light Sport Aircraft
and are to be regarded as standard. The values given in
3
parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound (or 2.2 Federal Aviation Regulations:
other) units that are provided for information only and are not 14 CFR Part 33Airworthiness Standards: Aircraft Engines
considered standard.The values stated in each system may not 14 CFR Part 35Airworthiness Standards: Propellers
4
be exact equivalents. Where it may not be clear, some 2.3 EASA Requirements:
equations provide the units of the result directly following the CS-22Sailplanes and Powered Sailplanes
equation. CS-EEngines
CS-PPropellers
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
2.4 Other Standard:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
GAMASpecification No. 1Specification for Pilot’s Operat-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5
ing Handbook
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
3. Terminology
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1 Definitions:
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.1.1 electric propulsion unit, EPU—any electric motor and
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
all associated devices used to provide thrust for an electric
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
aircraft.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1.2 energy storage device, ESD—used to store energy as
part of a Electric Propulsion Unit (EPU). Typical energy
2. Referenced Documents
storage devices include but are not limited to batteries, fuel
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: cells, or capacitors.
F2316Specification for Airframe Emergency Parachutes
3.1.3 flaps—any movable high lift device.
F2339Practice for Design and Manufacture of Reciprocat-
3.1.4 maximum empty weight, W (N)—largest empty
E
ing Spark Ignition Engines for Light Sport Aircraft
weightoftheairplane,includingalloperationalequipmentthat
F2483Practice for Maintenance and the Development of
is installed in the airplane: weight of the airframe, powerplant,
Maintenance Manuals for Light Sport Aircraft
EnergyStorageDevice(ESD)aspartofanElectricPropulsion
Unit (EPU), required equipment, optional and specific
1
equipment, fixed ballast, full engine coolant and oil, hydraulic
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F37 on Light
SportAircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F37.20 on Airplane.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018. Published December 2018. Originally
3
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as F2245–16c. DOI: Available from Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 800 Independence
10.1520/F2245–18. Ave., SW, Washington, DC 20591, http://www.faa.gov or http://www.gpo.gov.
2 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from EASA European Aviation Safety Agency, Postfach 10 12 53,
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM D-50452 Cologne, Germany, http://easa.europa.eu.
5
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from the General Aviation Manufacturers Association (GAMA),
the ASTM website. 1400KStreetNW,Suite801,Washington,DC20005-2485,http://www.gama.aero/.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2245−18
fluid, and the unusable fuel. Hence, the maximum empty 3.2.26.4 V —demonstrat
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F2245 − 16c F2245 − 18
Standard Specification for
1
Design and Performance of a Light Sport Airplane
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2245; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.”
1.2 This specification is applicable to the design of a light sport aircraft/airplane as defined by regulations and limited to VFR
flight.
1.3 Units—The values given in this standard are in SI units and are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses
are mathematical conversions to inch-pound (or other) units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents. Where it may not be clear, some equations provide the units of
the result directly following the equation.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F2316 Specification for Airframe Emergency Parachutes
F2339 Practice for Design and Manufacture of Reciprocating Spark Ignition Engines for Light Sport Aircraft
F2483 Practice for Maintenance and the Development of Maintenance Manuals for Light Sport Aircraft
F2506 Specification for Design and Testing of Light Sport Aircraft Propellers
F2538 Practice for Design and Manufacture of Reciprocating Compression Ignition Engines for Light Sport Aircraft
F2564 Specification for Design and Performance of a Light Sport Glider
F2746 Specification for Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH) for Light Sport Airplane
F2840 Practice for Design and Manufacture of Electric Propulsion Units for Light Sport Aircraft
3
2.2 Federal Aviation Regulations:
14 CFR Part 33 Airworthiness Standards: Aircraft Engines
14 CFR Part 35 Airworthiness Standards: Propellers
4
2.3 EASA Requirements:
CS-22 Sailplanes and Powered Sailplanes
CS-E Engines
CS-P Propellers
2.4 Other Standards:Standard:
5
GAMA Specification No. 1 Specification for Pilot’s Operating Handbook
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F37 on Light Sport Aircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F37.20 on Airplane.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016Nov. 1, 2018. Published January 2017December 2018. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as
F2245 – 16b.F2245–16c. DOI: 10.1520/F2245-16C.10.1520/F2245–18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 800 Independence Ave., SW, Washington, DC 20591, http://www.faa.gov or http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov.
http://www.gpo.gov.
4
Available from EASA European Aviation Safety Agency, Postfach 10 12 53, D-50452 Koeln,Cologne, Germany, http://easa.europa.eu.
5
Available from the General Aviation Manufacturers Association, Association (GAMA), 1400 K Street NW, Suite 801, Washington, DC 20005-2485, http://
www.gama.aero/.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2245 − 18
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 electric propulsion unit, EPU—any electric motor and all associated devices used to provide thrust for an electric aircraft.
3.1.2 energy storage device, ESD—used to store energy as part of a Electric Propulsion Unit (EPU). Typical energy storage
devices include but are not limited to batteries, fuel cells, or capacitors.
3.1.3
...