F37.20 - Airplane

ABSTRACT
This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.” In order to comply with flight requirements, the following shall be evaluated: load distribution limit, propeller speed and pitch limit, stalling speed, takeoff, climb, landing, balked landing, controllability and maneuverability, vibrations, and ground control and stability. For compliance of structure requirements, the following shall be considered: flight loads; control surface and system loads; horizontal stabilizing and balancing surfaces (balancing loads, maneuvering loads, and gust loads); vertical stabilizing surfaces (maneuvering loads, gust loads, and outboard fins or winglets); supplementary conditions for stabilizing surfaces; ailerons, wing flaps, and special devices; ground load conditions; water load conditions; emergency landing conditions; and other loads. The aircraft shall be designed with the following minimum instrumentation and equipment: flight and navigation instruments such as airspeed indicator, and altimeter; powerplant instruments such as fuel quantity indicator, tachometer (RPM), engine “kill” switch, and engine instruments; miscellaneous equipment such as master switch, and overload protection device; and safety belts and harnesses. Each airplane shall include a Pilot Operating Handbook (POH).
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.”  
1.2 This specification is applicable to the design of a light sport aircraft/airplane as defined by regulations and limited to VFR flight.  
1.3 Units—The values given in this standard are in SI units and are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound (or other) units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents. Where it may not be clear, some equations provide the units of the result directly following the equation.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides the minimum requirements for a Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH) for an aircraft designed, manufactured, and operated as a light sport aircraft.  
1.2 This specification defines the POH information that shall be provided by the aircraft manufacturer of a new airplane or airplane kit as a part of the initial sale or transfer to the first-end user.
Note 1: The POH may also be referred to as an Aircraft Operating Instruction (AOI). However, POH is considered the approved nomenclature.  
1.3 This specification applies to an airplane seeking civil aviation authority approval, in the form of flight certificates, flight permits, or other like documentation as a light sport aircraft.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This specification provides designers and manufacturers of electric propulsion for light sport aircraft design references and criteria to use in designing and manufacturing EPUs.  
3.2 Declaration of compliance is based on testing and documentation during the design, ground testing and flight testing of the EPU by the manufacturer or under the manufacturers’ guidance.  
3.3 Manufacturers of the EPUs are encouraged to review and incorporate appropriate standards and lessons learned from ground based systems as documented in SAE J2344 and EASA CRI F-58 (see Appendix X2).  
3.4 Electric aircraft may contain potentially hazardous level of electrical voltage or current. It is important to protect persons from exposure to this hazard. Under normal operating conditions, adequate electrical isolation is achieved through physical separation means such as the use of insulated wire, enclosures, or other barriers to direct contact. There are conditions or events that can occur outside normal operation that can cause this protection to be degraded. Some means should be provided to detect degraded isolation or ground fault. In addition, processes or hardware, or both, should be provided to allow for controlled access to the high voltage system for maintenance or repair. A number of alternative means may be used to achieve these electrical safety goals including automatic hazardous voltage disconnects, manual disconnects, interlock systems, special tools and grounding. The intention of all these means is either to prevent inadvertent contact with hazardous voltages or to prevent damage or injury from the uncontrolled release of electric energy. Lightning strikes are not addressed in this Standard Practice because LSA aircraft are limited to VMC flight only.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers minimum requirements for the design and manufacture of Electric Propulsion Units (EPU) for light sport aircraft, VFR use. The EPU shall as a minimum consist of the electric motor, associated controllers, disconnects and wiring, an Energy Storage Device (ESD) such as a battery or capacitor, or both, and EPU monitoring gauges and meters. Optional onboard charging devices, in-flight charging devices or other technology may be included.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 The following requirements apply to the documentation of Light Sport Airplanes. This specification covers the Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH), Flight Training Supplement (FTS), Maintenance Manual, Aircraft Kit Assembly Instructions (KAI), Component Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) manuals, Aircraft OEM’s Statement of Compliance, Registration, and Airframe Records information required for aircraft designed and manufactured in accordance with the ASTM Standards.  
1.1.1 This specification covers the minimum requirements for information that shall be provided by the airplane OEM or seller of a new light sport airplane, light sport airplane kit, engines, propellers, or accessories (that is, radio, transponder, instruments, GPS, etc.) as a part of the initial sale or transfer to the first end-user.  
1.1.2 This specification does not apply to the sale or transfer of used light sport airplane, engines, propellers, or accessories.  
1.2 This specification applies to airplanes seeking civil aviation authority approval, in the form of airworthiness certificates or other like documentation.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification addresses the aeroelasticity requirements of the airplane and is applicable to the design of a light sport aircraft/airplane as defined by regulations.  
1.2 This specification shall apply to airplanes with VH greater than 62 m/s (120 KCAS) and with VNE less than or equal to 129 m/s (250 KCAS). The content of this specification may be more broadly applicable. It is the responsibility of the applicant to substantiate broader applicability as a specific means of compliance.  
1.3 Units—The values given in this standard are in SI units and are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound (or other) units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents. Where it may not be clear, some equations provide the units of the result directly following the equation. It is also noted that the internationally accepted units for altitude and airspeed are feet and knots, respectively. This is the only exception to standard SI units.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this practice is to provide the minimum requirements necessary for the establishment of a production acceptance program for a manufacturer of light sport aircraft.  
4.2 The purpose of this specification is to provide the minimum requirements for the establishment of a ground and flight test program for verifying the initial production aircraft meets certain operational performance requirements that have been set forth by the manufacturer in its Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH).  
4.3 In addition, this specification provides minimum requirements to verify that each subsequent production airplane has no obvious defects that would prevent the safe operation of the airplane.  
4.4 All requirements given in this specification are to be performed in accordance with the manufacturer’s Specification F2972-compliant quality assurance system requirements.  
4.5 The following criteria should not be construed as requirements for specific features to be included on a LSA. When a requirement specifies a feature that does not exist on a LSA, the requirement does not apply.
SCOPE
1.1 The following requirements apply for the manufacture of fixed wing aircraft, including gliders. This practice includes the production acceptance test requirements.  
1.2 This practice applies to aircraft seeking civil aviation authority approval, in the form of flight certificates, flight permits, or other like documentation.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides an acceptable, and simplified, means of determining certain design loads criteria and conditions for fixed wing aircraft. In particular, the practice provides overall aircraft flight loads and flight conditions as well as control surface loads, wing loads, gust load factors, and gust loads on stabilizing surfaces.  
1.2 This practice is intended to be referenced by other standards that define requirements for comprehensive aircraft loads. This practice does not provide all aircraft loads required for structural compliance. In addition, each load or condition determined through this practice has limitations on its use within the relevant section to which it must adhere.  
1.3 Units—The values given in this standard are in SI units and are to be regarded as standard. Any values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound (or other) units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents. Where it may not be clear, some equations provide the units of the result directly following the equation.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.” In order to comply with flight requirements, the following shall be evaluated: load distribution limit, propeller speed and pitch limit, stalling speed, takeoff, climb, landing, balked landing, controllability and maneuverability, vibrations, and ground control and stability. For compliance of structure requirements, the following shall be considered: flight loads; control surface and system loads; horizontal stabilizing and balancing surfaces (balancing loads, maneuvering loads, and gust loads); vertical stabilizing surfaces (maneuvering loads, gust loads, and outboard fins or winglets); supplementary conditions for stabilizing surfaces; ailerons, wing flaps, and special devices; ground load conditions; water load conditions; emergency landing conditions; and other loads. The aircraft shall be designed with the following minimum instrumentation and equipment: flight and navigation instruments such as airspeed indicator, and altimeter; powerplant instruments such as fuel quantity indicator, tachometer (RPM), engine “kill” switch, and engine instruments; miscellaneous equipment such as master switch, and overload protection device; and safety belts and harnesses. Each airplane shall include a Pilot Operating Handbook (POH).
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.”  
1.2 This specification is applicable to the design of a light sport aircraft/airplane as defined by regulations and limited to VFR flight.  
1.3 Units—The values given in this standard are in SI units and are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound (or other) units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents. Where it may not be clear, some equations provide the units of the result directly following the equation.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides an acceptable, and simplified, means of determining certain design loads criteria and conditions for fixed wing aircraft. In particular, the practice provides overall aircraft flight loads and flight conditions as well as control surface loads, wing loads, gust load factors, and gust loads on stabilizing surfaces.  
1.2 This practice is intended to be referenced by other standards that define requirements for comprehensive aircraft loads. This practice does not provide all aircraft loads required for structural compliance. In addition, each load or condition determined through this practice has limitations on its use within the relevant section to which it must adhere.  
1.3 Units—The values given in this standard are in SI units and are to be regarded as standard. Any values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound (or other) units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents. Where it may not be clear, some equations provide the units of the result directly following the equation.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.” In order to comply with flight requirements, the following shall be evaluated: load distribution limit, propeller speed and pitch limit, stalling speed, takeoff, climb, landing, balked landing, controllability and maneuverability, vibrations, and ground control and stability. For compliance of structure requirements, the following shall be considered: flight loads; control surface and system loads; horizontal stabilizing and balancing surfaces (balancing loads, maneuvering loads, and gust loads); vertical stabilizing surfaces (maneuvering loads, gust loads, and outboard fins or winglets); supplementary conditions for stabilizing surfaces; ailerons, wing flaps, and special devices; ground load conditions; water load conditions; emergency landing conditions; and other loads. The aircraft shall be designed with the following minimum instrumentation and equipment: flight and navigation instruments such as airspeed indicator, and altimeter; powerplant instruments such as fuel quantity indicator, tachometer (RPM), engine “kill” switch, and engine instruments; miscellaneous equipment such as master switch, and overload protection device; and safety belts and harnesses. Each airplane shall include a Pilot Operating Handbook (POH).
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.”  
1.2 This specification is applicable to the design of a light sport aircraft/airplane as defined by regulations and limited to VFR flight.  
1.3 Units—The values given in this standard are in SI units and are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound (or other) units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents. Where it may not be clear, some equations provide the units of the result directly following the equation.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.” In order to comply with flight requirements, the following shall be evaluated: load distribution limit, propeller speed and pitch limit, stalling speed, takeoff, climb, landing, balked landing, controllability and maneuverability, vibrations, and ground control and stability. For compliance of structure requirements, the following shall be considered: flight loads; control surface and system loads; horizontal stabilizing and balancing surfaces (balancing loads, maneuvering loads, and gust loads); vertical stabilizing surfaces (maneuvering loads, gust loads, and outboard fins or winglets); supplementary conditions for stabilizing surfaces; ailerons, wing flaps, and special devices; ground load conditions; water load conditions; emergency landing conditions; and other loads. The aircraft shall be designed with the following minimum instrumentation and equipment: flight and navigation instruments such as airspeed indicator, and altimeter; powerplant instruments such as fuel quantity indicator, tachometer (RPM), engine “kill” switch, and engine instruments; miscellaneous equipment such as master switch, and overload protection device; and safety belts and harnesses. Each airplane shall include a Pilot Operating Handbook (POH).
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.”  
1.2 This specification is applicable to the design of a light sport aircraft/airplane as defined by regulations and limited to VFR flight.  
1.3 Units—The values given in this standard are in SI units and are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound (or other) units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents. Where it may not be clear, some equations provide the units of the result directly following the equation.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.” In order to comply with flight requirements, the following shall be evaluated: load distribution limit, propeller speed and pitch limit, stalling speed, takeoff, climb, landing, balked landing, controllability and maneuverability, vibrations, and ground control and stability. For compliance of structure requirements, the following shall be considered: flight loads; control surface and system loads; horizontal stabilizing and balancing surfaces (balancing loads, maneuvering loads, and gust loads); vertical stabilizing surfaces (maneuvering loads, gust loads, and outboard fins or winglets); supplementary conditions for stabilizing surfaces; ailerons, wing flaps, and special devices; ground load conditions; water load conditions; emergency landing conditions; and other loads. The aircraft shall be designed with the following minimum instrumentation and equipment: flight and navigation instruments such as airspeed indicator, and altimeter; powerplant instruments such as fuel quantity indicator, tachometer (RPM), engine “kill” switch, and engine instruments; miscellaneous equipment such as master switch, and overload protection device; and safety belts and harnesses. Each airplane shall include a Pilot Operating Handbook (POH).
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.”  
1.2 This specification is applicable to the design of a light sport aircraft/airplane as defined by regulations and limited to VFR flight.  
1.3 Units—The values given in this standard are in SI units and are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound (or other) units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents. Where it may not be clear, some equations provide the units of the result directly following the equation.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.” In order to comply with flight requirements, the following shall be evaluated: load distribution limit, propeller speed and pitch limit, stalling speed, takeoff, climb, landing, balked landing, controllability and maneuverability, vibrations, and ground control and stability. For compliance of structure requirements, the following shall be considered: flight loads; control surface and system loads; horizontal stabilizing and balancing surfaces (balancing loads, maneuvering loads, and gust loads); vertical stabilizing surfaces (maneuvering loads, gust loads, and outboard fins or winglets); supplementary conditions for stabilizing surfaces; ailerons, wing flaps, and special devices; ground load conditions; water load conditions; emergency landing conditions; and other loads. The aircraft shall be designed with the following minimum instrumentation and equipment: flight and navigation instruments such as airspeed indicator, and altimeter; powerplant instruments such as fuel quantity indicator, tachometer (RPM), engine “kill” switch, and engine instruments; miscellaneous equipment such as master switch, and overload protection device; and safety belts and harnesses. Each airplane shall include a Pilot Operating Handbook (POH).
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.”  
1.2 This specification is applicable to the design of a light sport aircraft/airplane as defined by regulations and limited to VFR flight.  
1.3 Units—The values given in this standard are in SI units and are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound (or other) units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents. Where it may not be clear, some equations provide the units of the result directly following the equation.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.” In order to comply with flight requirements, the following shall be evaluated: load distribution limit, propeller speed and pitch limit, stalling speed, takeoff, climb, landing, balked landing, controllability and maneuverability, vibrations, and ground control and stability. For compliance of structure requirements, the following shall be considered: flight loads; control surface and system loads; horizontal stabilizing and balancing surfaces (balancing loads, maneuvering loads, and gust loads); vertical stabilizing surfaces (maneuvering loads, gust loads, and outboard fins or winglets); supplementary conditions for stabilizing surfaces; ailerons, wing flaps, and special devices; ground load conditions; water load conditions; emergency landing conditions; and other loads. The aircraft shall be designed with the following minimum instrumentation and equipment: flight and navigation instruments such as airspeed indicator, and altimeter; powerplant instruments such as fuel quantity indicator, tachometer (RPM), engine “kill” switch, and engine instruments; miscellaneous equipment such as master switch, and overload protection device; and safety belts and harnesses. Each airplane shall include a Pilot Operating Handbook (POH).
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.”  
1.2 This specification is applicable to the design of a light sport aircraft/airplane as defined by regulations and limited to VFR flight.  
1.3 Units—The values given in this standard are in SI units and are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound (or other) units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents. Where it may not be clear, some equations provide the units of the result directly following the equation.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.” In order to comply with flight requirements, the following shall be evaluated: load distribution limit, propeller speed and pitch limit, stalling speed, takeoff, climb, landing, balked landing, controllability and maneuverability, vibrations, and ground control and stability. For compliance of structure requirements, the following shall be considered: flight loads; control surface and system loads; horizontal stabilizing and balancing surfaces (balancing loads, maneuvering loads, and gust loads); vertical stabilizing surfaces (maneuvering loads, gust loads, and outboard fins or winglets); supplementary conditions for stabilizing surfaces; ailerons, wing flaps, and special devices; ground load conditions; water load conditions; emergency landing conditions; and other loads. The aircraft shall be designed with the following minimum instrumentation and equipment: flight and navigation instruments such as airspeed indicator, and altimeter; powerplant instruments such as fuel quantity indicator, tachometer (RPM), engine “kill” switch, and engine instruments; miscellaneous equipment such as master switch, and overload protection device; and safety belts and harnesses. Each airplane shall include a Pilot Operating Handbook (POH).
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.”  
1.2 This specification is applicable to the design of a light sport aircraft/airplane as defined by regulations and limited to VFR flight.  
1.3 Units—The values given in this standard are in SI units and are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound (or other) units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents. Where it may not be clear, some equations provide the units of the result directly following the equation.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 The following requirements apply to the documentation of Light Sport Airplanes. This specification covers the Pilot's Operating Handbook (POH), Flight Training Supplement (FTS), Maintenance Manual, Aircraft Kit Assembly Instructions (KAI), Component Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) manuals, Aircraft OEM's Statement of Compliance, Registration, and Airframe Records information required for aircraft designed and manufactured in accordance with the ASTM Standards.  
1.1.1 This specification covers the minimum requirements for information that shall be provided by the airplane OEM or seller of a new light sport airplane, light sport airplane kit, engines, propellers, or accessories (that is, radio, transponder, instruments, GPS, etc.) as a part of the initial sale or transfer to the first end-user.  
1.1.2 This specification does not apply to the sale or transfer of used light sport airplane, engines, propellers, or accessories.  
1.2 This specification applies to airplanes seeking civil aviation authority approval, in the form of airworthiness certificates or other like documentation.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This specification provides designers and manufacturers of electric propulsion for light sport aircraft design references and criteria to use in designing and manufacturing EPUs.  
3.2 Declaration of compliance is based on testing and documentation during the design, ground testing and flight testing of the EPU by the manufacturer or under the manufacturers’ guidance.  
3.3 Manufacturers of the EPUs are encouraged to review and incorporate appropriate standards and lessons learned from ground based systems as documented in SAE J2344 and EASA CRI F-58 (see Appendix X2).  
3.4 Electric aircraft may contain potentially hazardous level of electrical voltage or current. It is important to protect persons from exposure to this hazard. Under normal operating conditions, adequate electrical isolation is achieved through physical separation means such as the use of insulated wire, enclosures, or other barriers to direct contact. There are conditions or events that can occur outside normal operation that can cause this protection to be degraded. Some means should be provided to detect degraded isolation or ground fault. In addition, processes or hardware, or both, should be provided to allow for controlled access to the high voltage system for maintenance or repair. A number of alternative means may be used to achieve these electrical safety goals including automatic hazardous voltage disconnects, manual disconnects, interlock systems, special tools and grounding. The intention of all these means is either to prevent inadvertent contact with hazardous voltages or to prevent damage or injury from the uncontrolled release of electric energy. Lightning strikes are not addressed in this Standard Practice because LSA aircraft are limited to VMC flight only.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers minimum requirements for the design and manufacture of Electric Propulsion Units (EPU) for light sport aircraft, VFR use. The EPU shall as a minimum consist of the electric motor, associated controllers, disconnects and wiring, an Energy Storage Device (ESD) such as a battery or capacitor, or both, and EPU monitoring gauges and meters. Optional onboard charging devices, in-flight charging devices or other technology may be included.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides the minimum requirements for a Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH) for an aircraft designed, manufactured, and operated as a light sport aircraft.  
1.2 This specification defines the POH information that shall be provided by the aircraft manufacturer of a new airplane or airplane kit as a part of the initial sale or transfer to the first- end user.
Note 1: The POH may also be referred to as an Aircraft Operating Instruction (AOI). However, POH is considered the approved nomenclature.  
1.3 This specification applies to an airplane seeking civil aviation authority approval, in the form of flight certificates, flight permits, or other like documentation as a light sport aircraft.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.” In order to comply with flight requirements, the following shall be evaluated: load distribution limit, propeller speed and pitch limit, stalling speed, takeoff, climb, landing, balked landing, controllability and maneuverability, vibrations, and ground control and stability. For compliance of structure requirements, the following shall be considered: flight loads; control surface and system loads; horizontal stabilizing and balancing surfaces (balancing loads, maneuvering loads, and gust loads); vertical stabilizing surfaces (maneuvering loads, gust loads, and outboard fins or winglets); supplementary conditions for stabilizing surfaces; ailerons, wing flaps, and special devices; ground load conditions; water load conditions; emergency landing conditions; and other loads. The aircraft shall be designed with the following minimum instrumentation and equipment: flight and navigation instruments such as airspeed indicator, and altimeter; powerplant instruments such as fuel quantity indicator, tachometer (RPM), engine “kill” switch, and engine instruments; miscellaneous equipment such as master switch, and overload protection device; and safety belts and harnesses. Each airplane shall include a Pilot Operating Handbook (POH).
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.”  
1.2 This specification is applicable to the design of a light sport aircraft/airplane as defined by regulations and limited to VFR flight.  
1.3 Units—The values given in this standard are in SI units and are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound (or other) units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents. Where it may not be clear, some equations provide the units of the result directly following the equation.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this practice is to provide the minimum requirements necessary for the establishment of a production acceptance program for a manufacturer of light sport aircraft.  
4.2 The purpose of this specification is to provide the minimum requirements for the establishment of a ground and flight test program for verifying the initial production aircraft meets certain operational performance requirements that have been set forth by the manufacturer in its Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH).  
4.3 In addition, this specification provides minimum requirements to verify that each subsequent production airplane has no obvious defects that would prevent the safe operation of the airplane.  
4.4 All requirements given in this specification are to be performed in accordance with the manufacturer’s Specification F2972-compliant quality assurance system requirements.  
4.5 The following criteria should not be construed as requirements for specific features to be included on a LSA. When a requirement specifies a feature that does not exist on a LSA, the requirement does not apply.
SCOPE
1.1 The following requirements apply for the manufacture of fixed wing aircraft, including gliders. This practice includes the production acceptance test requirements.  
1.2 This practice applies to aircraft seeking civil aviation authority approval, in the form of flight certificates, flight permits, or other like documentation.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an �airplane.� In order to comply with flight requirements, the following shall be evaluated: load distribution limit, propeller speed and pitch limit, stalling speed, takeoff, climb, landing, balked landing, controllability and maneuverability, vibrations, and ground control and stability. For compliance of structure requirements, the following shall be considered: flight loads; control surface and system loads; horizontal stabilizing and balancing surfaces (balancing loads, maneuvering loads, and gust loads); vertical stabilizing surfaces (maneuvering loads, gust loads, and outboard fins or winglets); supplementary conditions for stabilizing surfaces; ailerons, wing flaps, and special devices; ground load conditions; water load conditions; emergency landing conditions; and other loads. The aircraft shall be designed with the following minimum instrumentation and equipment: flight and navigation instruments such as airspeed indicator, and altimeter; powerplant instruments such as fuel quantity indicator, tachometer (RPM), engine �kill� switch, and engine instruments; miscellaneous equipment such as master switch, and overload protection device; and safety belts and harnesses. Each airplane shall include a Pilot Operating Handbook (POH).
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.”  
1.2 This specification is applicable to the design of a light sport aircraft/airplane as defined by regulations and limited to VFR flight.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an �airplane.� In order to comply with flight requirements, the following shall be evaluated: load distribution limit, propeller speed and pitch limit, stalling speed, takeoff, climb, landing, balked landing, controllability and maneuverability, vibrations, and ground control and stability. For compliance of structure requirements, the following shall be considered: flight loads; control surface and system loads; horizontal stabilizing and balancing surfaces (balancing loads, maneuvering loads, and gust loads); vertical stabilizing surfaces (maneuvering loads, gust loads, and outboard fins or winglets); supplementary conditions for stabilizing surfaces; ailerons, wing flaps, and special devices; ground load conditions; water load conditions; emergency landing conditions; and other loads. The aircraft shall be designed with the following minimum instrumentation and equipment: flight and navigation instruments such as airspeed indicator, and altimeter; powerplant instruments such as fuel quantity indicator, tachometer (RPM), engine �kill� switch, and engine instruments; miscellaneous equipment such as master switch, and overload protection device; and safety belts and harnesses. Each airplane shall include a Pilot Operating Handbook (POH).
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.”  
1.2 This specification is applicable to the design of a light sport aircraft/airplane as defined by regulations and limited to VFR flight.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an �airplane.� In order to comply with flight requirements, the following shall be evaluated: load distribution limit, propeller speed and pitch limit, stalling speed, takeoff, climb, landing, balked landing, controllability and maneuverability, vibrations, and ground control and stability. For compliance of structure requirements, the following shall be considered: flight loads; control surface and system loads; horizontal stabilizing and balancing surfaces (balancing loads, maneuvering loads, and gust loads); vertical stabilizing surfaces (maneuvering loads, gust loads, and outboard fins or winglets); supplementary conditions for stabilizing surfaces; ailerons, wing flaps, and special devices; ground load conditions; water load conditions; emergency landing conditions; and other loads. The aircraft shall be designed with the following minimum instrumentation and equipment: flight and navigation instruments such as airspeed indicator, and altimeter; powerplant instruments such as fuel quantity indicator, tachometer (RPM), engine �kill� switch, and engine instruments; miscellaneous equipment such as master switch, and overload protection device; and safety belts and harnesses. Each airplane shall include a Pilot Operating Handbook (POH).
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.”  
1.2 This specification is applicable to the design of a light sport aircraft/airplane as defined by regulations and limited to VFR flight.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an �airplane.� In order to comply with flight requirements, the following shall be evaluated: load distribution limit, propeller speed and pitch limit, stalling speed, takeoff, climb, landing, balked landing, controllability and maneuverability, vibrations, and ground control and stability. For compliance of structure requirements, the following shall be considered: flight loads; control surface and system loads; horizontal stabilizing and balancing surfaces (balancing loads, maneuvering loads, and gust loads); vertical stabilizing surfaces (maneuvering loads, gust loads, and outboard fins or winglets); supplementary conditions for stabilizing surfaces; ailerons, wing flaps, and special devices; ground load conditions; water load conditions; emergency landing conditions; and other loads. The aircraft shall be designed with the following minimum instrumentation and equipment: flight and navigation instruments such as airspeed indicator, and altimeter; powerplant instruments such as fuel quantity indicator, tachometer (RPM), engine �kill� switch, and engine instruments; miscellaneous equipment such as master switch, and overload protection device; and safety belts and harnesses. Each airplane shall include a Pilot Operating Handbook (POH).
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.”  
1.2 This specification is applicable to the design of a light sport aircraft/airplane as defined by regulations and limited to VFR flight.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an �airplane.� In order to comply with flight requirements, the following shall be evaluated: load distribution limit, propeller speed and pitch limit, stalling speed, takeoff, climb, landing, balked landing, controllability and maneuverability, vibrations, and ground control and stability. For compliance of structure requirements, the following shall be considered: flight loads; control surface and system loads; horizontal stabilizing and balancing surfaces (balancing loads, maneuvering loads, and gust loads); vertical stabilizing surfaces (maneuvering loads, gust loads, and outboard fins or winglets); supplementary conditions for stabilizing surfaces; ailerons, wing flaps, and special devices; ground load conditions; water load conditions; emergency landing conditions; and other loads. The aircraft shall be designed with the following minimum instrumentation and equipment: flight and navigation instruments such as airspeed indicator, and altimeter; powerplant instruments such as fuel quantity indicator, tachometer (RPM), engine �kill� switch, and engine instruments; miscellaneous equipment such as master switch, and overload protection device; and safety belts and harnesses. Each airplane shall include a Pilot Operating Handbook (POH).
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.”
1.2 This specification is applicable to the design of a light sport aircraft/airplane as defined by regulations and limited to VFR flight.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides the minimum requirements for a Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH) for an aircraft designed, manufactured, and operated as a light sport aircraft.  
1.2 This specification defines the POH information that shall be provided by the aircraft manufacturer of a new airplane or airplane kit as a part of the initial sale or transfer to the first- end user.Note 1—The POH may also be referred to as an Aircraft Operating Instruction (AOI). However, POH is considered the approved nomenclature.  
1.3 This specification applies to an airplane seeking civil aviation authority approval, in the form of flight certificates, flight permits, or other like documentation as a light sport aircraft.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an �airplane.� In order to comply with flight requirements, the following shall be evaluated: load distribution limit, propeller speed and pitch limit, stalling speed, takeoff, climb, landing, balked landing, controllability and maneuverability, vibrations, and ground control and stability. For compliance of structure requirements, the following shall be considered: flight loads; control surface and system loads; horizontal stabilizing and balancing surfaces (balancing loads, maneuvering loads, and gust loads); vertical stabilizing surfaces (maneuvering loads, gust loads, and outboard fins or winglets); supplementary conditions for stabilizing surfaces; ailerons, wing flaps, and special devices; ground load conditions; water load conditions; emergency landing conditions; and other loads. The aircraft shall be designed with the following minimum instrumentation and equipment: flight and navigation instruments such as airspeed indicator, and altimeter; powerplant instruments such as fuel quantity indicator, tachometer (RPM), engine �kill� switch, and engine instruments; miscellaneous equipment such as master switch, and overload protection device; and safety belts and harnesses. Each airplane shall include a Pilot Operating Handbook (POH).
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.”
1.2 This specification is applicable to the design of a light sport aircraft/airplane as defined by regulations and limited to VFR flight.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an �airplane.� In order to comply with flight requirements, the following shall be evaluated: load distribution limit, propeller speed and pitch limit, stalling speed, takeoff, climb, landing, balked landing, controllability and maneuverability, vibrations, and ground control and stability. For compliance of structure requirements, the following shall be considered: flight loads; control surface and system loads; horizontal stabilizing and balancing surfaces (balancing loads, maneuvering loads, and gust loads); vertical stabilizing surfaces (maneuvering loads, gust loads, and outboard fins or winglets); supplementary conditions for stabilizing surfaces; ailerons, wing flaps, and special devices; ground load conditions; water load conditions; emergency landing conditions; and other loads. The aircraft shall be designed with the following minimum instrumentation and equipment: flight and navigation instruments such as airspeed indicator, and altimeter; powerplant instruments such as fuel quantity indicator, tachometer (RPM), engine �kill� switch, and engine instruments; miscellaneous equipment such as master switch, and overload protection device; and safety belts and harnesses. Each airplane shall include a Pilot Operating Handbook (POH).
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.”
1.2 This specification is applicable to the design of a light sport aircraft/airplane as defined by regulations and limited to VFR flight.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an �airplane.� In order to comply with flight requirements, the following shall be evaluated: load distribution limit, propeller speed and pitch limit, stalling speed, takeoff, climb, landing, balked landing, controllability and maneuverability, vibrations, and ground control and stability. For compliance of structure requirements, the following shall be considered: flight loads; control surface and system loads; horizontal stabilizing and balancing surfaces (balancing loads, maneuvering loads, and gust loads); vertical stabilizing surfaces (maneuvering loads, gust loads, and outboard fins or winglets); supplementary conditions for stabilizing surfaces; ailerons, wing flaps, and special devices; ground load conditions; water load conditions; emergency landing conditions; and other loads. The aircraft shall be designed with the following minimum instrumentation and equipment: flight and navigation instruments such as airspeed indicator, and altimeter; powerplant instruments such as fuel quantity indicator, tachometer (RPM), engine �kill� switch, and engine instruments; miscellaneous equipment such as master switch, and overload protection device; and safety belts and harnesses. Each airplane shall include a Pilot Operating Handbook (POH).
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.”
1.2 This specification is applicable to the design of a light sport aircraft/airplane as defined by regulations and limited to VFR flight.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 The following requirements apply to the documentation of Light Sport Airplanes. This specification covers the Pilot's Operating Handbook (POH), Flight Training Supplement (FTS), Maintenance Manual, Aircraft Kit Assembly Instructions (KAI), Component Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) manuals, Aircraft OEM's Statement of Compliance, Registration, and Airframe Records information required for aircraft designed and manufactured in accordance with the ASTM Standards.
1.1.1 This specification covers the minimum requirements for information that shall be provided by the airplane OEM or seller of a new light sport airplane, light sport airplane kit, engines, propellers, or accessories (that is, radio, transponder, instruments, GPS, etc.) as a part of the initial sale or transfer to the first end-user.
1.1.2 This specification does not apply to the sale or transfer of used light sport airplane, engines, propellers, or accessories.
1.2 This specification applies to airplanes seeking civil aviation authority approval, in the form of airworthiness certificates or other like documentation.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.” In order to comply with flight requirements, the following shall be evaluated: load distribution limit, propeller speed and pitch limit, stalling speed, takeoff, climb, landing, balked landing, controllability and maneuverability, vibrations, and ground control and stability. For compliance of structure requirements, the following shall be considered: flight loads; control surface and system loads; horizontal stabilizing and balancing surfaces (balancing loads, maneuvering loads, and gust loads); vertical stabilizing surfaces (maneuvering loads, gust loads, and outboard fins or winglets); supplementary conditions for stabilizing surfaces; ailerons, wing flaps, and special devices; ground load conditions; water load conditions; emergency landing conditions; and other loads. The aircraft shall be designed with the following minimum instrumentation and equipment: flight and navigation instruments such as airspeed indicator, and altimeter; powerplant instruments such as fuel quantity indicator, tachometer (RPM), engine “kill” switch, and engine instruments; miscellaneous equipment such as master switch, and overload protection device; and safety belts and harnesses. Each airplane shall include a Pilot Operating Handbook (POH).
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.”
1.2 This specification is applicable to the design of a light sport aircraft/airplane as defined by regulations and limited to VFR flight.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This specification provides designers and manufacturers of electric propulsion for light sport aircraft design references and criteria to use in designing and manufacturing EPUs.
Declaration of compliance is based on testing and documentation during the design, ground testing and flight testing of the EPU by the manufacturer or under the manufacturers’ guidance.
Manufacturers of the EPUs are encouraged to review and incorporate appropriate standards and lessons learned from ground based systems as documented in SAE J2344 and EASA CRI F-58 (see Appendix X2).
Electric aircraft may contain potentially hazardous level of electrical voltage or current. It is important to protect persons from exposure to this hazard. Under normal operating conditions, adequate electrical isolation is achieved through physical separation means such as the use of insulated wire, enclosures, or other barriers to direct contact. There are conditions or events that can occur outside normal operation that can cause this protection to be degraded. Some means should be provided to detect degraded isolation or ground fault. In addition, processes or hardware, or both, should be provided to allow for controlled access to the high voltage system for maintenance or repair. A number of alternative means may be used to achieve these electrical safety goals including automatic hazardous voltage disconnects, manual disconnects, interlock systems, special tools and grounding. The intention of all these means is either to prevent inadvertent contact with hazardous voltages or to prevent damage or injury from the uncontrolled release of electric energy. Lightning strikes are not addressed in this Standard Practice because LSA aircraft are limited to VMC flight only.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers minimum requirements for the design and manufacture of Electric Propulsion Units (EPU) for light sport aircraft, VFR use. The EPU shall as a minimum consist of the electric motor, associated controllers, disconnects and wiring, an Energy Storage Device (ESD) such as a battery or capacitor, or both, and EPU monitoring gauges and meters. Optional onboard charging devices, in-flight charging devices or other technology may be included.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.” In order to comply with flight requirements, the following shall be evaluated: load distribution limit, propeller speed and pitch limit, stalling speed, takeoff, climb, landing, balked landing, controllability and maneuverability, vibrations, and ground control and stability. For compliance of structure requirements, the following shall be considered: flight loads; control surface and system loads; horizontal stabilizing and balancing surfaces (balancing loads, maneuvering loads, and gust loads); vertical stabilizing surfaces (maneuvering loads, gust loads, and outboard fins or winglets); supplementary conditions for stabilizing surfaces; ailerons, wing flaps, and special devices; ground load conditions; water load conditions; emergency landing conditions; and other loads. The aircraft shall be designed with the following minimum instrumentation and equipment: flight and navigation instruments such as airspeed indicator, and altimeter; powerplant instruments such as fuel quantity indicator, tachometer (RPM), engine “kill” switch, and engine instruments; miscellaneous equipment such as master switch, and overload protection device; and safety belts and harnesses. Each airplane shall include a Pilot Operating Handbook (POH).
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.”
1.2 This specification is applicable to the design of a light sport aircraft/airplane as defined by regulations and limited to VFR flight.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.” In order to comply with flight requirements, the following shall be evaluated: load distribution limit, propeller speed and pitch limit, stalling speed, takeoff, climb, landing, balked landing, controllability and maneuverability, vibrations, and ground control and stability. For compliance of structure requirements, the following shall be considered: flight loads; control surface and system loads; horizontal stabilizing and balancing surfaces (balancing loads, maneuvering loads, and gust loads); vertical stabilizing surfaces (maneuvering loads, gust loads, and outboard fins or winglets); supplementary conditions for stabilizing surfaces; ailerons, wing flaps, and special devices; ground load conditions; water load conditions; emergency landing conditions; and other loads. The aircraft shall be designed with the following minimum instrumentation and equipment: flight and navigation instruments such as airspeed indicator, and altimeter; powerplant instruments such as fuel quantity indicator, tachometer (RPM), engine “kill” switch, and engine instruments; miscellaneous equipment such as master switch, and overload protection device; and safety belts and harnesses. Each airplane shall include a Pilot Operating Handbook (POH).
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.”
1.2 This specification is applicable to the design of a light sport aircraft/airplane as defined by regulations and limited to VFR flight.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.” In order to comply with flight requirements, the following shall be evaluated: load distribution limit, propeller speed and pitch limit, stalling speed, takeoff, climb, landing, balked landing, controllability and maneuverability, vibrations, and ground control and stability. For compliance of structure requirements, the following shall be considered: flight loads; control surface and system loads; horizontal stabilizing and balancing surfaces (balancing loads, maneuvering loads, and gust loads); vertical stabilizing surfaces (maneuvering loads, gust loads, and outboard fins or winglets); supplementary conditions for stabilizing surfaces; ailerons, wing flaps, and special devices; ground load conditions; water load conditions; emergency landing conditions; and other loads. The aircraft shall be designed with the following minimum instrumentation and equipment: flight and navigation instruments such as airspeed indicator, and altimeter; powerplant instruments such as fuel quantity indicator, tachometer (RPM), engine “kill” switch, and engine instruments; miscellaneous equipment such as master switch, and overload protection device; and safety belts and harnesses. Each airplane shall include a Pilot Operating Handbook (POH).
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.”
1.2 This specification is applicable to the design of a light sport aircraft/airplane as defined by regulations and limited to VFR flight.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.” In order to comply with flight requirements, the following shall be evaluated: load distribution limit, propeller speed and pitch limit, stalling speed, takeoff, climb, landing, balked landing, controllability and maneuverability, vibrations, and ground control and stability. For compliance of structure requirements, the following shall be considered: flight loads; control surface and system loads; horizontal stabilizing and balancing surfaces (balancing loads, maneuvering loads, and gust loads); vertical stabilizing surfaces (maneuvering loads, gust loads, and outboard fins or winglets); supplementary conditions for stabilizing surfaces; ailerons, wing flaps, and special devices; ground load conditions; water load conditions; emergency landing conditions; and other loads. The aircraft shall be designed with the following minimum instrumentation and equipment: flight and navigation instruments such as airspeed indicator, and altimeter; powerplant instruments such as fuel quantity indicator, tachometer (RPM), engine “kill” switch, and engine instruments; miscellaneous equipment such as master switch, and overload protection device; and safety belts and harnesses. Each airplane shall include a Pilot Operating Handbook (POH).
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.”
1.2 This specification is applicable to the design of a light sport aircraft/airplane as defined by regulations and limited to VFR flight.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.” In order to comply with flight requirements, the following shall be evaluated: load distribution limit, propeller speed and pitch limit, stalling speed, takeoff, climb, landing, balked landing, controllability and maneuverability, vibrations, and ground control and stability. For compliance of structure requirements, the following shall be considered: flight loads; control surface and system loads; horizontal stabilizing and balancing surfaces (balancing loads, maneuvering loads, and gust loads); vertical stabilizing surfaces (maneuvering loads, gust loads, and outboard fins or winglets); supplementary conditions for stabilizing surfaces; ailerons, wing flaps, and special devices; ground load conditions; water load conditions; emergency landing conditions; and other loads. The aircraft shall be designed with the following minimum instrumentation and equipment: flight and navigation instruments such as airspeed indicator, and altimeter; powerplant instruments such as fuel quantity indicator, tachometer (RPM), engine “kill” switch, and engine instruments; miscellaneous equipment such as master switch, and overload protection device; and safety belts and harnesses. Each airplane shall include a Pilot Operating Handbook (POH).
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.”
1.2 This specification is applicable to the design of a light sport aircraft/airplane as defined by regulations and limited to VFR flight.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides the minimum requirements for a Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH) for an aircraft designed, manufactured, and operated as a light sport aircraft.
1.2 This specification defines the POH information that shall be provided by the aircraft manufacturer of a new airplane or airplane kit as a part of the initial sale or transfer to the first- end user.
Note 1—The POH may also be referred to as an Aircraft Operating Instruction (AOI). However, POH is considered the approved nomenclature.
1.3 This specification applies to an airplane seeking civil aviation authority approval, in the form of flight certificates, flight permits, or other like documentation as a light sport aircraft.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.” In order to comply with flight requirements, the following shall be evaluated: load distribution limit, propeller speed and pitch limit, stalling speed, takeoff, climb, landing, balked landing, controllability and maneuverability, vibrations, and ground control and stability. For compliance of structure requirements, the following shall be considered: flight loads; control surface and system loads; horizontal stabilizing and balancing surfaces (balancing loads, maneuvering loads, and gust loads); vertical stabilizing surfaces (maneuvering loads, gust loads, and outboard fins or winglets); supplementary conditions for stabilizing surfaces; ailerons, wing flaps, and special devices; ground load conditions; water load conditions; emergency landing conditions; and other loads. The aircraft shall be designed with the following minimum instrumentation and equipment: flight and navigation instruments such as airspeed indicator, and altimeter; powerplant instruments such as fuel quantity indicator, tachometer (RPM), engine “kill” switch, and engine instruments; miscellaneous equipment such as master switch, and overload protection device; and safety belts and harnesses. Each airplane shall include a Pilot Operating Handbook (POH).
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.”
1.2 This specification is applicable to the design of a light sport aircraft/airplane as defined by regulations and limited to VFR flight.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.”
1.2 This specification is applicable to the design of a light sport aircraft/airplane as defined by regulations and limited to VFR flight.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an "airplane."
1.2 This specification is applicable to the design of a light sport aircraft/airplane as defined by regulations and limited to VFR flight.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an "airplane."
1.2 This specification is applicable to the design of a light sport aircraft/airplane as defined by regulations and limited to VFR flight.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The purpose of this practice is to provide the minimum requirements necessary for the establishment of a quality assurance and production acceptance program for a manufacturer of light sport aircraft.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes the minimum requirements for the development of a Quality Assurance and Production Acceptance Program, to be used for the manufacture of LSA's or LSA kits.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The purpose of this practice is to establish a method by which safety of flight issues are discovered, evaluated, and corrected for the purpose of maintaining operational safety of a LSA.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes the standard practice for the continued operational safety monitoring of a light sport aircraft.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an "airplane."
1.2 This specification is applicable to the design of a light sport aircraft/airplane as defined by regulations and limited to day VFR flight.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This document establishes the standard practice for the continued operational safety monitoring of a light sport airplane.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes the minimum requirements for the development of a Quality Assurance and Production Acceptance Program, to be used for the manufacture of LSA airplanes or airplane kits.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The purpose of this practice is to establish a method by which safety of flight issues are discovered, evaluated, and corrected for the purpose of maintaining operational safety of a LSA.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes the standard practice for the continued operational safety monitoring of a light sport aircraft.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This practice establishes the standard practice for the continued operational safety monitoring of a light sport aircraft.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee F37 on Light Sport Aircraft, this practice was withdrawn in January 2019 in accordance with Section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The purpose of this practice is to provide the minimum requirements necessary for the establishment of a quality assurance and production acceptance program for a manufacturer of light sport aircraft.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes the minimum requirements for the development of a Quality Assurance and Production Acceptance Program, to be used for the manufacture of LSA's or LSA kits.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This practice establishes the minimum requirements for the development of a Quality Assurance and Production Acceptance Program, to be used for the manufacture of LSA’s or LSA kits.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee F37 on Light Sport Aircraft, this practice was withdrawn in November 2014 and replaced by Specification  on Light Sport Aircraft Manufacturer’s Quality Assurance System.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard's Document Summary page on the ASTM website.