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ASTM B772-97

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Specifying the Chemical Compositions for Electrical Contact Materials (Arcing and Nonarcing)

Standard Guide for Specifying the Chemical Compositions for Electrical Contact Materials (Arcing and Nonarcing)

SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides suggested methods for users and producers of electrical contact materials to specify the chemical compositions of these materials.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 It is the responsibility of the user to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
22-Sep-1999
ICS
77.040.30 - Chemical analysis of metals
Technical Committee
B02 - Nonferrous Metals and Alloys
Drafting Committee
B02.05 - Precious Metals and Electrical Contact Materials and Test Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM B772-97(2003) - Standard Guide for Specifying the Chemical Compositions for Electrical Contact Materials (Arcing and Nonarcing)
Effective Date
01-Nov-2003

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ASTM B772-97 - Standard Guide for Specifying the Chemical Compositions for Electrical Contact Materials (Arcing and Nonarcing)ASTM B772-97 - Standard Guide for Specifying the Chemical Compositions for Electrical Contact Materials (Arcing and Nonarcing)
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ASTM B772-97 - Standard Guide for Specifying the Chemical Compositions for Electrical Contact Materials (Arcing and Nonarcing)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: B 772 – 97
Standard Guide for
Specifying the Chemical Compositions for Electrical
Contact Materials (Arcing and Nonarcing)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 772; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4.1.2.1 Least precious,
4.1.2.2 Widest tolerance, and
1.1 This guide provides suggested methods for users and
4.1.2.3 Requiring the least precise or most costly method to
producers of electrical contact materials to specify the chemi-
analyze.
cal compositions of these materials.
4.2 For Impurities:
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.2.1 Specify only the tolerance limits of the elements
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
commonly occurring with the major elements (for example,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
copper in silver); and the tolerance limits of the detrimental
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
elements (as recognized by the industry) which may be a
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
residue after fabrication (for example, sodium in Ag-CdO
1.3 It is the responsibility of the user to become familiar
material by the coprecipitation method).
with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate
4.2.2 Specify the tolerance limits for total impurities of all
Material Safety Data Sheet for this product/material as pro-
the impurity elements.
vided by the manufacturer.
4.3 Place the following note under the Table of Chemical
2. Referenced Documents
Compositions (see Table 1 for example) in the text of each
specification:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E 1282 Guide for Specifying the Chemical Compositions
NOTE 1—Analysis is regularly made for the elements for which specific
and Selecting Sampling Practices and Quantitative Analy-
limits are listed. If, however, the presence of “other” elements is suspected
sis Methods for Metals and Alloys or indicated in the course of routine analysis, further analysis shall be
made to determine that the total of these “other” elements and the listed
3. Significance and Use impurities is not in excess of the total impurities limit.
3.1 This guide should be used by committees or individuals
4.4 State under the section of Chemical Composition in the
in specifying the chemical composition of electrical contact text of each specification a clause as follows:
materials.
4.4.1 These specification limits do not preclude the possible
presence of other unnamed elements, impurities, or additives.
4. Procedure
Analysis shall be regularly made only for the minor elements
4.1 For Basic Alloy Element(s) and Component(s):
listed in the table. However if a user knows of elements that
4.1.1 Specify the numerical limits of the elements as fol-
might be detrimental to their application or has other reasons
lows:
for requiring analysis for specific elements, then agreement
4.1.1.1 Major fractions of the alloy,
between manufacturer and purchaser for both limits and
4.1.1.2 Tighter tolerances, or
methods of anal
...

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5.2 Use of this test method provides a useful prediction of the exfoliation corrosion behavior of these alloys in various types of outdoor service, especially in marine and industrial environments.5 The test solution is very corrosive and represents the more severe types of environmental service, excluding, of course, unusual chemicals not likely to be encountered in natural environments.  
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ASTM E350-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Carbon Steel, Low-Alloy Steel, Silicon Electrical Steel, Ingot Iron, and Wrought Iron

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys are primarily intended as referee methods to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications, particularly those under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committees A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and A04 on Iron Castings. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory under appropriate quality control practices such as those described in Guide E882.
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1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of carbon steels, low-alloy steels, silicon electrical steels, ingot iron, and wrought iron having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
Composition Range, %  
Aluminum  
0.001 to 1.50  
Antimony  
0.002 to 0.03  
Arsenic  
0.0005 to 0.10  
Bismuth  
0.005 to 0.50  
Boron  
0.0005 to 0.02  
Calcium  
0.0005 to 0.01  
Cerium  
0.005 to 0.50  
Chromium  
0.005 to 3.99  
Cobalt  
0.01 to 0.30  
Columbium (Niobium)  
0.002 to 0.20  
Copper  
0.005 to 1.50  
Lanthanum  
0.001 to 0.30  
Lead  
0.001 to 0.50  
Manganese  
0.01 to 2.50  
Molybdenum  
0.002 to 1.50  
Nickel  
0.005 to 5.00  
Nitrogen  
0.0005 to 0.04  
Oxygen  
0.0001 to 0.03  
Phosphorus  
0.001 to 0.25  
Selenium  
0.001 to 0.50  
Silicon  
0.001 to 5.00  
Sulfur  
0.001 to 0.60  
Tin  
0.002 to 0.10  
Titanium  
0.002 to 0.60  
Tungsten  
0.005 to 0.10  
Vanadium  
0.005 to 0.50  
Zirconium  
0.005 to 0.15  
1.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the sections indicated as follows:    
Sections  
Aluminum, Total, by the 8-Quinolinol Gravimetric
Method (0.20 % to 1.5 %)  
124–131  
Aluminum, Total, by the 8-Quinolinol
Spectrophotometric Method
(0.003 % to 0.20 %)  
76–86  
Aluminum, Total or Acid-Soluble, by the Atomic
Absorption Spectrometry Method
(0.005 % to 0.20 %)  
308–317  
Antimony by the Brilliant Green Spectrophotometric
Method (0.0002 % to 0.030 %)  
142–151  
Bismuth by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Method (0.02 % to 0.25 %)  
298–307  
Boron by the Distillation-Curcumin
Spectrophotometric Method
(0.0003 % to 0.006 %)  
208–219  
Calcium by the Direct-Current Plasma Atomic
Emission Spectrometry Method
(0.0005 % to 0.010 %)  
289–297  
Carbon, Total, by the Combustion Gravimetric Method
(0.05 % to 1.80 %)—Discontinued 1995  
Cerium and Lanthanum by the Direct Current Plasma
Atomic Emission Spectrometry Method
(0.003 % to 0.50 % Cerium, 0.001 % to 0.30 %
Lanthanum)  
249–257  
Chromium by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Method (0.006 % to 1.00 %)  
220–229  
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate Oxidation-Titration
Method (0.05 % to 3.99 %)  
230–238  
Cobalt by the Nitroso-R Salt Spectrophotometric
Method (0.01 % to 0.30 %)  
53–62  
Copper by the Sulfide Precipitation-Iodometric
Titration Method (Discontinued 1989)  
87–94  
Copper by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Method (0.004 % to 0.5 %)  
279–288  
Copper by the Neocuproine Spectrophotometric
Method (0.005 % to 1.50 %)  
114–123  
Lead by the Ion-Exchange—Atomic Absorption
Spectrometry Method
(0.001 % to 0.50 %)  
132–141  
Manganese by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Method (0.005 % to 2.0 %)  
269–278  
Manganese by the Metaperiodate Spectrophotometric
Method (0.01 % to 2.5 %)  
9–18  
Manganese by the Peroxydisulfate-Arsenite Titrimetric
Method (0.10 % to 2.50 %)  
164–171  
Molybdenum by the Thiocyanate Spectrophotometric
Method (0.01 % to 1.50 %)  
152–163  
Nickel by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Method (0.003 % to 0.5 %)  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys are primarily intended as referee methods to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications particularly those under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory under appropriate quality control practices such as those described in Guide E882.
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1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of tool steels and other similar medium- and high-alloy steels having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
Composition Range, %  
Aluminum  
0.005 to 1.5  
Boron  
0.001 to 0.10  
Carbon  
0.03 to 2.50  
Chromium  
0.10 to 14.0  
Cobalt  
0.10 to 14.0  
Copper  
0.01 to 2.0  
Lead  
0.001 to 0.01  
Manganese  
0.10 to 15.00  
Molybdenum  
0.01 to 10.00  
Nickel  
0.02 to 4.00  
Nitrogen  
0.001 to 0.20  
Phosphorus  
0.002 to 0.05  
Silicon  
0.10 to 2.50  
Sulfur  
0.002 to 0.40  
Tungsten  
0.01 to 21.00  
Vanadium  
0.02 to 5.50  
1.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the sections indicated below:    
Sections  
Carbon, Total, by the Combustion—
Thermal Conductivity Method—
Discontinued 1986  
125–135  
Carbon, Total, by the Combustion Gravimetric
Method—Discontinued 2012  
78–88  
Chromium by the Atomic Absorption
Spectrometry Method  
(0.006 % to 1.00 %)  
174–183  
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate
Oxidation—Titration Method  
(0.10 % to 14.00 %)  
184–192  
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate-Oxidation
Titrimetric Method—Discontinued 1980  
117–124  
Cobalt by the Ion-Exchange—
Potentiometric Titration Method  
(2 % to 14 %)  
52–59  
Cobalt by the Nitroso-R-Salt
Spectrophotometric Method  
(0.10 % to 5.0 %)  
60–69  
Copper by the Neocuproine
Spectrophotometric Method  
(0.01 % to 2.00 %)  
89–98  
Copper by the Sulfide Precipitation-
Electrodeposition Gravimetric Method  
(0.01 % to 2.0 %)  
70–77  
Lead by the Ion-Exchange—Atomic
Absorption Spectrometry Method  
(0.001 % to 0.01 %)  
99–108  
Manganese by the Periodate
Spectrophotometric Method  
(0.10 % to 5.00 %)  
9–18  
Molybdenum by the Ion Exchange–
8-Hydroxyquinoline Gravimetric Method  
203–210  
Molybdenum by the Thiocyanate Spectrophotometric Method  
(0.01 % to 1.50 %)  
162–173  
Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxime
Gravimetric Method  
(0.1 % to 4.0 %)  
144–151  
Phosphorus by the Alkalimetric Method  
(0.01 % to 0.05 %)  
136–143  
Phosphorus by the Molybdenum Blue
Spectrophotometric Method  
(0.002 % to 0.05 %)  
19–29  
Silicon by the Gravimetric Method  
(0.10 % to 2.50 %)  
45–51  
Sulfur by the Gravimetric
Method—Discontinued 1988  
29–35  
Sulfur by the Combustion-Iodate
Titration Method—Discontinued 2012  
36–44  
Sulfur by the Chromatographic
Gravimetric Method—Discontinued 1980  
109–116  
Tin by the Solvent Extraction—
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method  
(0.002 % to 0.10 %)  
152–161  
Vanadium by the Atomic
Absorption Spectrometry Method  
(0.006 % to 0.15 %)  
193–202  
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Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Chromium and Ferrochromium

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of chromium metal and ferrochromium alloy are primarily intended to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications such as Specifications A101 and A481. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
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1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of chromium and ferrochromium having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
Composition, %  
Aluminum  
0.25 max  
Antimony  
0.005 max  
Arsenic  
0.005 max  
Bismuth  
0.005 max  
Boron  
0.005 max  
Carbon  
9.00 max  
Chromium  
51.0 to 99.5  
Cobalt  
0.10 max  
Columbium  
0.05 max  
Copper  
0.05 max  
Lead  
0.005 max  
Manganese  
0.75 max  
Molybdenum  
0.05 max  
Nickel  
0.50 max  
Nitrogen  
6.00 max  
Phosphorus  
0.03 max  
Silicon  
12.00 max  
Silver  
0.005 max  
Sulfur  
0.07 max  
Tantalum  
0.05 max  
Tin  
0.005 max  
Titanium  
0.50 max  
Vanadium  
0.50 max  
Zinc  
0.005 max  
Zirconium  
0.05 max  
1.2 The analytical procedures appear in the following order:    
Sections  
Arsenic by the Molybdenum Blue Spectrophotometric Test Method
[0.001 % to 0.005 %]  
10 – 20  
Lead by the Dithizone Spectrophotometric Test Method
[0.001 % to 0.05 %]  
21 – 31  
Chromium by the Sodium Peroxide Fusion-Titrimetric Test Method
[50.0 % to 99.5 %]  
32 – 38  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 6 and in special “Warning” paragraphs throughout these test methods.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E439-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Beryllium

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of beryllium metal are primarily intended as referee methods to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
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1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of beryllium having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
Range, %  
Aluminum  
0.05 to 0.30  
Beryllium  
97.5 to 100    
Beryllium Oxide  
0.3 to 3    
Carbon  
0.05 to 0.30  
Copper  
0.005 to 0.10  
Chromium  
0.005 to 0.10  
Iron  
0.05 to 0.30  
Magnesium  
0.02 to 0.15  
Nickel  
0.005 to 0.10  
Silicon  
0.02 to 0.15  
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Sections  
Chromium by the Diphenylcarbazide Spectrophotometric Test Method
[0.004 % to 0.04 %]  
10 – 19  
Iron by the 1,10-Phenanthroline Spectrophotometric Test Method
[0.05 % to 0.25 %]  
20 – 29  
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[0.008 % to 0.04 %]  
30 – 39  
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[0.001 % to 0.04 %]  
40 – 49  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM E2824-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Beryllium in Copper-Beryllium Alloys by Phosphate Gravimetry

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5.1 This test method for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys is primarily intended to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the determination of beryllium in copper-beryllium alloys in percentages from 0.1 % to 3.0 % by phosphate gravimetry.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 9.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1.1 Refer to Practice E255 for copper and copper alloys.  
Note 1: The selection of correct portions of material and the preparation of a representative sample from such portions are necessary prerequisites to every analysis, the analysis being of no value unless the sample actually represents the average composition of the material from which it was selected.  
1.2 In special cases, when agreed upon by the purchaser and the manufacturer, the heat analysis may be accepted as representative of the composition of the finished product. In such cases, the identity of each heat of metal should be maintained through each stage of the manufacturing process to the final form. This method of sampling is not intended to apply under these conditions.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Practice for Sampling Copper and Copper Alloys for the Determination of Chemical Composition

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is intended primarily for the sampling of copper and copper alloys for compliance with compositional specification requirements.  
4.2 The selection of correct test pieces and the preparation of a representative sample from such test pieces are necessary prerequisites to every analysis. The analytical results will be of little value unless the sample represents the average composition of the material from which it was prepared.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the sampling of copper (except electrolytic cathode) and copper alloys in either cast or wrought form for the determination of composition.  
1.2 Cast products may be in the form of cake, billet, wire bar, ingot, ingot bar, or casting.  
1.3 Wrought products may be in the form of flat, pipe, tube, rod, bar, shape, or forging.  
1.4 This practice is not intended to supersede or replace existing specification requirements for the sampling of a particular material.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are given for information only.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precautionary statement appears in Appendix X4.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E1277-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Analysis of Zinc-5 % Aluminum-Mischmetal Alloys by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys is primarily intended to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all those who use this test method will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the chemical analysis of zinc alloys having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
Composition Range, %  
Aluminum  
3.0–8.0  
Antimony  
0.002 max  
Cadmium  
0.025 max  
Cerium  
0.03–0.10  
Copper  
0.10 max  
Iron  
0.10 max  
Lanthanum  
0.03–0.10  
Lead  
0.026 max  
Magnesium  
0.05 max  
Silicon  
0.015 max  
Tin  
0.002 max  
Titanium  
0.02 max  
Zirconium  
0.02 max  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 Included are procedures for elements in the following composition ranges:    
Element  
Composition Range, %  
Aluminum  
3.0–8.0  
Cadmium  
0.0016–0.025  
Cerium  
0.005–0.10  
Iron  
0.0015–0.10  
Lanthanum  
0.009–0.10  
Lead  
0.002–0.026  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety hazards statements are given in Section 8, 11.2, and 13.1.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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