ASTM F1436-11(2017)

• Abstract:

  SIGNIFICANCE AND USE; 3.1 This guide is not meant to be all inclusive since there are, and will continue to be, special circumstances that will dictate the use of nonconforming dimensions. These special circumstances and the requirements that they establish cannot be totally anticipated and therefore must be treated individually. ; 3.2 These guidelines are based on an analysis of presently used materials for the manufacture of bow strings and the strength requirements dictated by archery bows falling within a draw weight range of 0 to 100 lb (0 to 444.8 N). ; 3.3 These guidelines also address the desirability of proper fit of the arrow nock to the center serving.; SCOPE; 1.1 This guide covers the formulation of preliminary guidelines for the outside diameter dimensions of the center servings for the shooting strings for archery bows. ; 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. ; 1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2017
• ICS: 97.220.40 - Outdoor and water sports equipment
• Technical Committee: F08 - Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities
• Drafting Committee: F08.16 - Archery Products

• Replaces: ASTM F1436-11 - Standard Guide for Center Serving Diameter Dimensions for Archery Bow Strings
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2017

Overview

ASTM F1436-11(2017), titled Standard Guide for Center Serving Diameter Dimensions for Archery Bow Strings, provides foundational guidelines for determining the appropriate outside diameter dimensions of center servings on archery bow strings. This standard, developed by ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment, aims to enhance product consistency, compatibility, and overall safety for archery equipment manufacturers, suppliers, and users.

The center serving of a bow string is crucial, as it is the area that interacts directly with the arrow nock and is subject to repeated stress and wear. Proper dimensioning of the center serving ensures durability, optimal nock fit, and reliable arrow release, directly impacting both equipment performance and user experience.

Key Topics

• Scope and Applicability:

  • Addresses bow strings for archery bows with draw weights from 0 to 100 lb (0 to 444.8 N).
  • Focuses on preliminary guidelines, acknowledging that nonconforming dimensions may be required for special circumstances.

• Terminology:

  • Defines key components such as bow string, center serving, nock, string groove width, and string hole size.
  • Emphasizes the central role of the center serving-the wrapped section of the bow string where the nock of the arrow is engaged.

• Material Considerations:

  • Recognizes modern synthetic materials for bow strings, valued for strength and resistance to environmental wear.
  • Highlights that both the number and size of strands and the diameter of serving material impact the final outside dimension.

• Fit and Function of the Nock:

  • Discusses the importance of a “snap-fit” between the arrow nock and center serving for precise shooting and secure arrow retention.
  • Notes the influence of nock design and serving diameter on overall fit, as well as the resilience and performance of nocks in service.

• Dimensional Guidelines:

  • Stresses the need to standardize serving diameter to support consistent nock design and archery equipment compatibility.

Applications

The guidelines set forth in ASTM F1436-11(2017) have practical applications for multiple stakeholders within the archery industry:

• Manufacturers:

  • Standardized center serving dimensions aid in producing interchangeable and compatible bow strings and nocks, streamlining manufacturing and reducing the risk of incompatibility.
  • Supports quality control processes and helps meet international and market-specific requirements.

• Arrow and Nock Designers:

  • Provides dimensional targets for nock groove widths and throat sizes, allowing for reliable engagement with various bow string center servings.
  • Enhances product reliability, safety, and performance for both recreational and competitive archery.

• Archery Retailers and Technicians:

  • Serves as a reference for evaluating and replacing bow strings, ensuring correct fitment and optimal performance for a wide range of equipment.

• Archers (Users):

  • Ensures that archery equipment will function as intended, with proper nock-to-string fit, less likelihood of misfire, and reduced wear on both string and arrows.

Related Standards

• ASTM F1435 - Standard Terminology Relating to Archery Products
• ASTM F1594 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Breaking Strength of Archery Bow String Materials
• ISO 18620 - Archery - General Safety Requirements and Test Methods
• World Archery Equipment Standards - For further harmonization with international competition rules

By following ASTM F1436-11(2017), organizations and individuals in the archery community can achieve more consistent equipment performance, enhanced safety, and better user experiences through standardized bow string center serving dimensions.

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F1436 − 11 (Reapproved 2017) An American National Standard
Standard Guide for
Center Serving Diameter Dimensions for Archery Bow
Strings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1436; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.1.3 center serving, n—wrapping of twisted or braided line,
or monofilament material, that is placed on the bow string near
1.1 This guide covers the formulation of preliminary guide-
its center.
lines for the outside diameter dimensions of the center servings
2.1.3.1 Discussion—This wrapping covers the area where
for the shooting strings for archery bows.
the nock of the arrow engages the bow string. It is used to resist
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
the abrasive wear of repeated shots and also to provide a proper
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
fit with the slot of the nock.
information only.
2.1.4 draw weight of the bow, n—peak or maximum force
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
required to draw the bow string of a bow from its position at
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
rest (brace height) to the full draw position.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
2.1.5 nock, n—slot, or a special fitting that contains a slot,
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
that is positioned at the rear end of an arrow to engage the bow
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
string.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2.1.5.1 Discussion—The slot maintains secure contact with
the bow string while the bow is being drawn, and also during
2. Terminology
the release of the string and the return of the string to its
2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
original position before being drawn.
2.1.1 bow string, n—special multi-strand cord that spans an
2.1.6 string groove width or slot throat dimension,
archery bow from end to end and is used to engage the rear end
n—narrowest portion of the slot opening in the nock, usually
of an arrow in order to launch it into flight.
located near the open end of the slot.
2.1.2 bow string material, n—strands of various materials,
2.1.7 string hole size, n—dimension at the bottom or base of
both natural and synthetic, from which bow strings are made.
the nock slot.
2.1.2.1 Discussion—Most bow strings today are manufac-
2.1.7.1 Discussion—This is the area where the bow string
tured from synthetic materials that have superior strength and
sits when it is seated in the slot.
resistance to wear and atmospheric conditions. Difference in
the tensile strength of the materials is responsible for a 3. Significance and Use
difference in the size and number of the strands in a bowstring.
3.1 This guide is not meant to be all inclusive since there
In addition, difference in the force necessary to draw various
are, and will continue to be, special circumstances that will
bows may dictate varying numbers of strands of a given
dictate the use of nonconforming dimensions. These special
material to provide adequate strength for satisfactory service.
circumstances and the requirements that they establish cannot
The material used for wrapping to create a center serving is
be totally anticipated and therefore must be treated individu-
available in several sizes or diameters. This, combined with
ally.
variation in the number of strands used to make the main
3.2 These guidelines are based on an analysis of presently
string, permits adjustment of the outside diameter of the center
used materials for the manufacture of bow strings and the
serving within reasonable limits so that standardization is
strength requirements dictated by archery bows falling within
practical.
a draw weight range of 0 to 100 lb (0 to 444.8 N).
3.3 These guidelines also address the desirability of proper
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports
fit of the arrow nock to the center serving.
Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilitiesand is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee F08.16 on Archery Products.
4. Fit of the Nock on the Center Serving
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2017. Published December 2017. Originally
4.1 Preferable Fit—While there are some instances where
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as F1436 – 11. DOI:
10.1520/F1436-11R17. the practice is not followed, the majority of archers prefer that
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