ASTM A1021/A1021M-05(2015)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Martensitic Stainless Steel Forgings and Forging Stock for High-Temperature Service
Standard Specification for Martensitic Stainless Steel Forgings and Forging Stock for High-Temperature Service
ABSTRACT
This specification covers martensitic chromium stainless steel forgings, forged bars, and forging stock for high-temperature service. The mechanical properties are developed by suitable heat treatment, as indicated for each alloy. Steel materials shall be manufactured by melting and forging processes, and heat treatments, that shall consist of austenizing, quenching, tempering, and stress relieving. Stainless steels may then be furnished in one of the following hot-finished conditions: as forged without descaling; forged and descaled; rough turned or rough machined. Specimens shall conform to required chemical compositions. Forgings shall undergo tension, impact, stress rapture, and hardness tests, and should conform to mechanical properties prescribed for individual grades and classes. These mechanical properties are: tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, reduction of area, impact strength, and Brinell and Rockwell hardness.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers martensitic chromium stainless steel forgings, forged bar, and forging stock for high temperature service. The mechanical properties are developed by suitable heat treatment, as indicated for each alloy.
1.2 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:A1021/A1021M −05 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Specification for
Martensitic Stainless Steel Forgings and Forging Stock for
High-Temperature Service
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A1021/A1021M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope A788/A788MSpecification for Steel Forgings, General Re-
quirements
1.1 Thisspecificationcoversmartensiticchromiumstainless
E112Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
steel forgings, forged bar, and forging stock for high tempera-
E292Test Methods for Conducting Time-for-Rupture Notch
ture service. The mechanical properties are developed by
Tension Tests of Materials
suitable heat treatment, as indicated for each alloy.
E381Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets,
1.2 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units
Blooms, and Forgings
and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract
E562Test Method for Determining Volume Fraction by
specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units),
Systematic Manual Point Count
the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either
inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as
3. Ordering Information
standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.
3.1 In addition to the ordering information required by
Thevaluesstatedineachsystemmaynotbeexactequivalents;
Specification A788/A788M, the purchaser shall specify the
therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.
grade designation, heat treatment condition, class and finish,
Combining values from the two systems may result in noncon-
and include a sketch or written description of the forging with
formance with the standard.
the inquiry and order.
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are
provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supple-
4. General Requirements
mentary requirements shall apply only when specified indi-
vidually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.
4.1 Materials supplied to this specification shall conform to
the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, including any
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
supplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
order. Failure to comply with the general requirements of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Specification A788/A788M constitutes non-conformance with
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
this specification. In case of conflict between the requirements
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
of this specification and Specification A788/A788M, this
specification shall prevail.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Manufacture
A275/A275MPracticeforMagneticParticleExaminationof
Steel Forgings
5.1 MeltingProcess—AllmeltingprocessesofSpecification
A370Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing A788/A788M are permitted unless the purchaser invokes
of Steel Products
Supplementary Requirement S1.
5.2 Forging Process—Either the closed impression die or
the open die, including ring rolling, forging processes may be
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
utilized unless the purchaser specifies a process.
Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.
5.3 Heat Treatment—Quenched and tempered classes shall
Current edition approved March 1, 2015. Published March 2015. Originally
be heat-treated in accordance with Table 1.
approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2010 asA1021/A1021M – 05
(2010). DOI: 10.1520/A1021_A1021M-05R15.
5.3.1 Number of Heat Treatments—Heat treatment as de-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
fined in Table 1 shall consist of austenitizing, quenching, and
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
tempering. Retempering is permitted but purchaser approval is
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. required for more than one complete reheat treatment.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A1021/A1021M−05 (2015)
TABLE 1 Heat Treatment, °F [°C]
Grade A Grade B Grade C Grade D Grade E Grade F
Class1&2 Class 1 Class 1 Class 2 Class1&2 Class 1 Class 2
Austenitizing 1725-1775 1600-1750 1825-1875 1725-1875 1875-1925 2075-2125 1725-1775 2000–2050
[940-970] [870-955] [995-1025] [940-1025] [1025-1050] [1135-1165] [940-970] [1095–1120]
Quenching Air or liquid Air or liquid Air or liquid Air or liquid Air or liquid Air or liquid Air or liquid Rapid air or oil
Single Tempering 1050 min 1050 min 1050 min 1050 min 1150 min 1250 min 1100 min 1185 min
[565 min] [565 min] [565 min] [565 min] [620 min] [675 min] [595 min] [640] min
Double . . . . . . 1025 min 1025 min . . . .
Tempering [550 min] [550 min]
Stress Relieving 1025 min 1025 min 1000 min 1000 min 1100 min 1200 min 1050 min 1135 min
[550 min] [550 min] [540 min] [540 min] [595 min] [650 min] [565 min] [610] min
5.4 Stress Relief—When heat treatment for mechanical relief,asapplicable.Thematerialandtestspecimensshallmeet
properties is followed by straightening, a stress-relieving heat the requirements of Table 3 if fully heat-treated or Table 4 if
treatment is required in accordance with Table 1. annealed. Mechanical property requirements, including
5.4.1 Quenching after Stress Relief—Liquid quenching of hardness, do not apply to forging stock when it is to be tested
stress-relieved forgings is prohibited. after forging and heat treatment.
5.5 Finish—Forgings may be furnished in one of the fol- 7.2 Test Specimens—Forgings may be lot tested. Test speci-
mens may be obtained from production forgings or from
lowing hot-finished conditions:
5.5.1 Finish F—As forged without descaling. separately forged test blanks prepared from the stock used to
make the finished part. Forgings that are lot tested shall be
5.5.2 Finish FD—Forged and descaled.
5.5.3 FinishRT—Roughturnedorroughmachinedtospeci- produced from the same heat of steel and heat treated at the
same time. Separately forged test blanks shall receive essen-
fied dimensions. Billets or blooms ordered as forging stock
tially the same type of hot-working and forging reduction as
shallbefurnishedwithaground,machined,ordescaledsurface
unless otherwise specified in the ordering document. the production forgings; however, a longitudinally forged bar
with dimensions not less than T by T by 3 T may be used to
5.6 Camber—Camber shall not exceed ⁄4 in. [5 mm] in 5 ft
represent a ring forging. The dimension T shall be representa-
[150 cm].
tive of the heaviest effective cross section of the forging.
6. Chemical Composition
7.3 Test Specimen Orientation—Mechanical property re-
quirements are for samples oriented in the direction of grain
6.1 Thesteelshallconformtotherequirementsforchemical
flow. Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, manu-
composition prescribed in Table 2.
facturers may orient the samples in any direction provided the
7. Mechanical Properties mechanical property requirements are met.
7.1 Tension, Impact, Stress Rupture, and Hardness Tests— 7.4 TestSpecimenLocation—Whentransverseorcircumfer-
All testing shall be performed after heat treatment and stress entialspecimensaretested,theyshallbetakenfromascloseas
A
TABLE 2 Chemical Requirements
Composition %
Grade A Grade B Grade C Grade D Grade E Grade F
UNS Designation S41005 S41428 S42225
Type—Similar to 403/410 SS 403/410 SS XM-32 Mod 422 SS UNS S41041 UNS S42226
UNS S41000 MOD.
Carbon 0.15 0.10-0.15 0.10-0.17 0.20.-0.25 0.13-0.18 0.15–0.20
Manganese 1.00 0.25-0.80 0.65-1.05 0.50-1.00 0.40-0.60 0.50–0.80
Phosphorus 0.018 0.018 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.020
Sulfur 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.010 0.030 0.01
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A1021/A1021M − 05 (Reapproved 2010) A1021/A1021M − 05 (Reapproved
2015)
Standard Specification for
Martensitic Stainless Steel Forgings and Forging Stock for
High-Temperature Service
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A1021/A1021M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers martensitic chromium stainless steel forgings, forged bar, and forging stock for high temperature
service. The mechanical properties are developed by suitable heat treatment, as indicated for each alloy.
1.2 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract
specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either
inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.
Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary
requirements shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A275/A275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of Steel Forgings
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
E292 Test Methods for Conducting Time-for-Rupture Notch Tension Tests of Materials
E381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets, Blooms, and Forgings
E562 Test Method for Determining Volume Fraction by Systematic Manual Point Count
3. Ordering Information
3.1 In addition to the ordering information required by Specification A788/A788M, the purchaser shall specify the grade
designation, heat treatment condition, class and finish, and include a sketch or written description of the forging with the inquiry
and order.
4. General Requirements
4.1 Materials supplied to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, including any
supplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase order. Failure to comply with the general requirements of
Specification A788/A788M constitutes non-conformance with this specification. In case of conflict between the requirements of
this specification and Specification A788/A788M, this specification shall prevail.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.06
on Steel Forgings and Billets.
Current edition approved April 1, 2010March 1, 2015. Published May 2010March 2015. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 20052010 as
A1021/A1021M – 05. 05 (2010). DOI: 10.1520/A1021_A1021M-05R10.10.1520/A1021_A1021M-05R15.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A1021/A1021M − 05 (2015)
5. Manufacture
5.1 Melting Process—All melting processes of Specification A788/A788M are permitted unless the purchaser invokes
Supplementary Requirement S1.
5.2 Forging Process—Either the closed impression die or the open die, including ring rolling, forging processes may be utilized
unless the purchaser specifies a process.
5.3 Heat Treatment—Quenched and tempered classes shall be heat-treated in accordance with Table 1.
5.3.1 Number of Heat Treatments—Heat treatment as defined in Table 1 shall consist of austenitizing, quenching, and tempering.
Retempering is permitted but purchaser approval is required for more than one complete reheat treatment.
5.4 Stress Relief—When heat treatment for mechanical properties is followed by straightening, a stress-relieving heat treatment
is required in accordance with Table 1.
5.4.1 Quenching after Stress Relief—Liquid quenching of stress-relieved forgings is prohibited.
5.5 Finish—Forgings may be furnished in one of the following hot-finished conditions:
5.5.1 Finish F—As forged without descaling.
5.5.2 Finish FD—Forged and descaled.
5.5.3 Finish RT—Rough turned or rough machined to specified dimensions. Billets or blooms ordered as forging stock shall be
furnished with a ground, machined, or descaled surface unless otherwise specified in the ordering document.
5.6 Camber—Camber shall not exceed ⁄4 in. [5 mm] in 5 ft [150 cm].
6. Chemical Composition
6.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements for chemical composition prescribed in Table 2.
7. Mechanical Properties
7.1 Tension, Impact, Stress Rupture, and Hardness Tests—All testing shall be performed after heat treatment and stress relief,
as applicable. The material and test specimens shall meet the requirements of Table 3 if fully heat-treated or Table 4 if annealed.
Mechanical property requirements, including hardness, do not apply to forging stock when it is to be tested after forging and heat
treatment.
7.2 Test Specimens—Forgings may be lot tested. Test specimens may be obtained from production forgings or from separately
forged test blanks prepared from the stock used to make the finished part. Forgings that are lot tested shall be produced from the
same heat of steel and heat treated at the same time. Separately forged test blanks shall receive essentially the same type of
hot-working and forging reduction as the production forgings; however, a longitudinally forged bar with dimensions not less than
T by T by 3 T may be used to represent a ring forging. The dimension T shall be representative of the heaviest effective cross section
of the forging.
7.3 Test Specimen Orientation—Mechanical property requirements are for samples oriented in the direction of grain flow.
Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, manufacturers may orient the samples in any direction provided the mechanical
property requirements are met.
7.4 Test Specimen Location—When transverse or circumferential specimens are tested, they shall be taken from as close as
possible to a mid-radius or mid-wall location of the forging. When longitudinal specimens are tested, they shall be taken from
extensions. Extending the axial length of a larger section of a forging for a sufficient distance over a smaller section is also an
acceptable location for transverse or circumferential specimens.
7.5 Number Of Tests—Where more than one location is designated on a forging drawing, tension tests shall be made from each
location.
7.6 Hardness—The manufacturer shall perform Brinell or Rockwell hardness testing after final heat treatment and after
machining to the forging drawing requirements.
TABLE 1 Heat Treatment, °F [°C]
Grade A Grade B Grade C Grade D Grade E Grade F
Class 1 & 2 Class 1 Class 1 Class 2 Class 1 & 2 Class 1 Class 2
Austenitizing 1725-1775 1600-1750 1825-1875 1725-1875 1875-1925 2075-2125 1725-1775 2000–2050
[940-970] [870-955] [995-1025] [940-1025] [1025-1050] [1135-1165] [940-970] [1095–1120]
Quenching Air or liquid Air or liquid Air or liquid Air or liquid Air or liquid Air or liquid Air or liquid Rapid air or oil
Single Tempering 1050 min 1050 min 1050 min 1050 min 1150 min 1250 min 1100 min 1185 min
[565 min] [565 min] [565 min
...
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