ASTM A472/A472M-23
(Specification)Standard Specification for Heat Stability of Steam Turbine Shafts and Rotor Forgings
Standard Specification for Heat Stability of Steam Turbine Shafts and Rotor Forgings
ABSTRACT
This measurement method covers the procedures for the standard practice of determining the heat stability of steam turbine and rotor forgings to ensure stability at operating temperature. Surface and test band preparation, and heating and cooling procedures prior to stability measurements are detailed. Interpretation of the results of cold and hot measurements is also described.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the determination of heat stability of steam turbine shafts and rotor forgings to ensure stability at operating temperature. This specification is not ordinarily applicable to generator rotor forgings.
1.2 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the specification, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: A472/A472M − 23
Standard Specification for
1
Heat Stability of Steam Turbine Shafts and Rotor Forgings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A472/A472M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* A788 Specification for Steel Forgings, General Require-
ments
1.1 This specification covers the determination of heat
A941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related
stability of steam turbine shafts and rotor forgings to ensure
Alloys, and Ferroalloys
stability at operating temperature. This specification is not
ordinarily applicable to generator rotor forgings.
3. Terminology
1.2 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units
3.1 Definitions:
and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract
3.1.1 For definitions of terms specific to this standard, refer
specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units),
to Specification A788 and Terminology A941.
the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either
inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as 4. Ordering Information
standard. Within the specification, the SI units are shown in
4.1 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specify
brackets. The values stated in each system are not necessarily
all requirements necessary for testing under this specification.
exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the
Requirements to be considered include, but are not limited to,
standard, each system shall be used independently of the other,
the following:
and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
4.1.1 ASTM designation and year date,
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are 4.1.2 The minimum test temperature,
4.1.3 The portion of the forging to be subjected to the heat
provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supple-
mentary requirements shall apply only when specified indi- stability test temperature, and
4.1.4 Supplementary or other special requirements.
vidually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5. Procedure
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1 The heat stability test shall be conducted by the forging
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
supplier after final heat treatment and after the forging has been
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
centered and machined with allowance to finish to the purchas-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
er’s drawing. Material for mechanical tests may be removed
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
before or after the stability test at the manufacturer’s option,
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
unless check tests after the stability test are required by the
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
purchaser.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5.2 With prior approval from the purchaser, the forgings
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. may be stress-relieved as part of the heat stability test. When
this is done, the stress-relieving temperature shall be within
2. Referenced Documents
50 °F to 100 °F [30 °C to 55 °C] below final tempering
2
temperature. Rotate the forgings at 2 r ⁄min to 4 r/min and hold
2.1 ASTM Standards:
at stress-relieving temperature for at least 2 h/in. [2 h/25 mm]
of maximum radial thickness, after which the temperature may
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
be decreased to the specified heat stability test temperature and
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
the test performed.
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2023. Published November 2023. Originally
6. Heat Stability Test Bands
approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2022 as A472/A472M – 07
(2022). DOI: 10.1520/A0472_A0472M-23.
6.1 The supplier shall mark positions A, B, C, and D, spaced
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
90° apart circumferentially, preferably on an end of the forging.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Markings shall be retained throughout all subsequent opera-
Standards volume informatio
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A472/A472M − 07 (Reapproved 2022) A472/A472M − 23
Standard Specification for
1
Heat Stability of Steam Turbine Shafts and Rotor Forgings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A472/A472M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This specification covers the determination of heat stability of steam turbine shafts and rotor forgings to ensure stability at
operating temperature. This specification is not ordinarily applicable to generator rotor forgings.
1.2 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract
specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either
inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the specification, the SI units are shown in brackets.
The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each
system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary
requirements shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A788 Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements
A941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms specific to this standard, refer to Specification A788 and Terminology A941.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.06
on Steel Forgings and Billets.
Current edition approved March 1, 2022Nov. 1, 2023. Published March 2022November 2023. Originally approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 20172022
as A472/A472M – 07 (2022).(2017). DOI: 10.1520/A0472_A0472M-07R22.10.1520/A0472_A0472M-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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A472/A472M − 23
4. Ordering Information
4.1 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specify all requirements necessary for testing under this specification.
Requirements to be considered include, but are not limited to, the following:
4.1.1 ASTM designation and year date,
4.1.2 The minimum test temperature,
4.1.3 The portion of the forging to be subjected to the heat stability test temperature, and
4.1.4 Supplementary or other special requirements.
5. Procedure
5.1 The heat stability test shall be conducted by the forging supplier after final heat treatment and after the forging has been
centered and machined with allowance to finish to the purchaser’s drawing. Material for mechanical tests may be removed before
or after the stability test at the manufacturer’s option, unless check tests after the stability test are required by the purchaser.
5.2 With prior approval from the purchaser, the forgings may be stress-relieved as part of the heat stability test. When this is done,
the stress-relieving temperature shall be within 50 °F to 100
...
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