ASTM D7282-21
(Practice)Standard Practice for Setup, Calibration, and Quality Control of Instruments Used for Radioactivity Measurements
Standard Practice for Setup, Calibration, and Quality Control of Instruments Used for Radioactivity Measurements
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is consistent with a performance-based approach wherein the frequency of recalibration and instrument testing is linked to the results from continuing instrument quality control. Under the premise of this practice, a laboratory demonstrates that its instrument performance is acceptable for analyzing sample test sources.
5.2 When a laboratory demonstrates acceptable performance based on continuing instrument quality control data (that is, control charts and tolerance charts), batch QC samples (that is, blanks, laboratory control samples, replicates, matrix spikes, and other batch QC samples as may be applicable) and independent reference materials, traditional schedule-driven instrument recalibration is permissible but unnecessary.
5.3 When continuing instrument QC, batch QC, or independent reference material sample results indicate that instrument response has exceeded established control or tolerance limits, instrument calibration is required. Other actions related to sample analyses on the affected instruments may be required by the laboratory QM.
5.4 The data obtained while following this practice will likely be stored electronically. The data remain in electronic storage, where they are readily available to produce plots, graphs, spreadsheets, and other types of displays and reports. The laboratory QM should specify the frequency and performance of data storage backup.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers consensus criteria for the setup, calibration, and quality control of nuclear instruments. Setup establishes the operating parameters of the instrument—for example, voltage or discriminator settings. Calibrations determine the instrument’s response characteristics—for example, its counting efficiency or gain. Quality control ensures that the performance of the instrument remains acceptable for its intended use and consistent with the performance at the time of calibration.
1.2 This practice addresses four of the most commonly used types of nuclear counting instruments: alpha-particle spectrometer, gamma-ray spectrometer, gas proportional counter, and liquid scintillation counter.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: D7282 − 21
Standard Practice for
Setup, Calibration, and Quality Control of Instruments Used
1
for Radioactivity Measurements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7282; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D3648Practices for the Measurement of Radioactivity
D7283TestMethodforAlphaandBetaActivityinWaterBy
1.1 This practice covers consensus criteria for the setup,
Liquid Scintillation Counting
calibration, and quality control of nuclear instruments. Setup
D7902Terminology for Radiochemical Analyses
establishes the operating parameters of the instrument—for
E2586Practice for Calculating and Using Basic Statistics
example, voltage or discriminator settings. Calibrations deter-
2.2 Other Standards:
mine the instrument’s response characteristics—for example,
ANSI N42.22Traceability of Radioactive Sources to the
its counting efficiency or gain. Quality control ensures that the
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
performance of the instrument remains acceptable for its
3
and Associated Instrument Quality Control
intendeduseandconsistentwiththeperformanceatthetimeof
ANSI N42.23Measurement andAssociated Instrumentation
calibration.
3
Quality Assurance for Radioassay Laboratories
1.2 Thispracticeaddressesfourofthemostcommonlyused
3
ANSI/HPS N13.30Performance Criteria for Radiobioassay
types of nuclear counting instruments: alpha-particle
ISO/IEC 17025General Requirements for the Competence
spectrometer, gamma-ray spectrometer, gas proportional
4
of Testing and Calibration Laboratories
counter, and liquid scintillation counter.
JCGM 100:2008Evaluation of Measurement Data – Guide
5
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
3. Terminology
conversions that are provided for information only and are not
considered standard.
3.1 Definitions:
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Terminologies D1129 and D7902 and Practice E2586.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.2.1 acceptable verification ratio (AVR), n—ratio of the
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
absolute difference between the measured value of the verifi-
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
cation sample and the known value added to the verification
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
sample to the square root of the sum of the squares of their
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
associated combined standard uncertainties.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2.1.1 Discussion—See Eq 14 in 16.2.15.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.2.2 background subtraction count (BSC), n—a source
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
count used to determine the background to be subtracted from
the sample test source count.
2. Referenced Documents
2
3.2.3 calibration, n—determination of an instrument’s re-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
sponse to a known amount of radioactive material.
D1129Terminology Relating to Water
3.2.3.1 Discussion—Instrument calibrations may include
1 calibrations for counting efficiency, gain, and resolution.
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D19 on Water and
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.04 on Methods of Radiochemical
Analysis.
3
Current edition approved May 15, 2021. Published December 2021. Originally Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D7282 – 14. DOI: 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
4
10.1520/D7282-21. Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue de
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Varembé, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.ch.
5
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), Pavillon de
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Breteuil F-92312 Sèvres Cedex France, http://www.bipm.org/en/publications/
the ASTM website. guides/gum.html.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7282 − 14 D7282 − 21
Standard Practice for
Set-up,Setup, Calibration, and Quality Control of
1
Instruments Used for Radioactivity Measurements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7282; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers consensus criteria for the calibration setup, calibration, and quality control of nuclear instruments. This
practice is provided for establishing appropriate quality control parameters at instrument startup, calibration of nuclear counting
instruments and the continuing monitoring of quality control parameters. Calibrations are usually performed to establish the Setup
establishes the operating parameters of the instrument. This practice addresses the typically used nuclear counting instruments:
alpha spectrometer, gamma spectrometer, gas proportional counter and liquid scintillation counter.instrument—for example,
voltage or discriminator settings. Calibrations determine the instrument’s response characteristics—for example, its counting
efficiency or gain. Quality control ensures that the performance of the instrument remains acceptable for its intended use and
consistent with the performance at the time of calibration.
1.2 This practice addresses four of the most commonly used types of nuclear counting instruments: alpha-particle spectrometer,
gamma-ray spectrometer, gas proportional counter, and liquid scintillation counter.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions that
are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D3648 Practices for the Measurement of Radioactivity
D7283 Test Method for Alpha and Beta Activity in Water By Liquid Scintillation Counting
D7902 Terminology for Radiochemical Analyses
D4375E2586 Practice for Basic Statistics in Committee D19 on WaterCalculating and Using Basic Statistics (Withdrawn 2018)
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.04 on Methods of Radiochemical Analysis.
Current edition approved June 1, 2014May 15, 2021. Published July 2014December 2021. Originally approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 20062014 as
D7282 – 06.14. DOI: 10.1520/D7282-14.10.1520/D7282-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D7282 − 21
2.2 Other Standards:
ANSI N42.22 Traceability of Radioactive Sources to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and Associated
3
Instrument Quality Control
3
ANSI N42.23 Measurement and Associated Instrumentation Quality Assurance for Radioassay Laboratories
3
ANSI/HPS N13.30 Performance Criteria for Radiobioassay
4
ISO/IEC 17025 General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories
5
JCGM 100:2008 Evaluation of Measurement Data – Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitiondefinitions of other terms used in this practice,standard, refer to TerminologyTerminologies D1129 and D7902
and Practice E2586.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 acceptable verification ratio (AVR), n—ratio of the
...
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