ASTM C925-09(2014)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Precision Electroformed Wet Sieve Analysis of Nonplastic Ceramic Powders
Standard Guide for Precision Electroformed Wet Sieve Analysis of Nonplastic Ceramic Powders
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Both suppliers and users of pulverized ceramic powders will find this test method useful to determine particle size distributions for materials specifications, manufacturing control, development, and research.
4.2 The test method is simple, although tedious, uses inexpensive equipment, and will provide a continuous curve with data obtained with standardized woven sieves.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the determination of the particle size distribution of pulverized alumina and quartz for particle sizes from 45 to 5 μm by wet sieving.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 The only exception is in the Section 5, Apparatus, 5.1 where there is no relevant SI equivalent.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C925 − 09 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Guide for
Precision Electroformed Wet Sieve Analysis of Nonplastic
Ceramic Powders
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C925; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 5. Apparatus
1.1 This guide covers the determination of the particle size 5.1 Precision Electroformed Sieves , 3-in., mounted in brass
distribution of pulverized alumina and quartz for particle sizes frames, having nominal apertures of 45, 30, 20, 10, and 5 µm
from 45 to 5 µm by wet sieving. andasupportgridhaving5.7linespercentimetre.Intermediate
sizes may also be used.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this 5.2 Sieving Device (Fig. 1):
standard. 5.2.1 Filtering Flask (suction flask), 1-L, with side arm,
1.2.1 The only exception is in the Section 5,Apparatus, 5.1 5.2.2 Büchner Funnel (for example, Coors No. 2),
where there is no relevant SI equivalent. 5.2.3 O-Ring, 7.5-cm, rubber,
5.2.4 Graduate, 1-L,
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety
5.2.5 Rubber Stoppers, one-hole to fit the flask and the
concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the
funnel, two-hole to fit the graduate,
user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
5.2.6 Quantity of glass tubing and rubber tubing,
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
5.2.7 Metal Rod, 15 to 20-cm, about 5 mm in diameter, and,
tions prior to use.
5.2.8 Vacuum Source.
2. Referenced Documents
5.3 Ultrasonic Cleaner, required to clean all sieves below
2.1 ASTM Standards:
20 µm. It should be low-powered (for example, 100 W).
E161 Specification for Precision Electroformed Sieves
5.4 AnalyticalBalance,capableofweighingupto100gand
having at least three significant digits after the decimal.
3. Summary of Guide
5.5 Drying Oven, capable of maintaining 110 6 5°C.
3.1 A separate dispersed suspension of the powder is wet
sieved through each sieve, using vacuum and vibration. The 5.6 Desiccator, containing magnesium perchlorate or other
sieve and sample are dried and weighed. suitable desiccant.
4. Significance and Use
6. Reagents and Materials
4.1 Both suppliers and users of pulverized ceramic powders 6.1 Water, visually clear and particle free, not necessarily
will find this test method useful to determine particle size
distilled, at room temperature or slightly above.
distributions for materials specifications, manufacturing
6.2 Sieving Solution, a dispersing media consisting of 0.1
control, development, and research.
weight % solution of sodium hexametaphosphate or sodium
4.2 The test method is simple, although tedious, uses pyrophosphate in water.
inexpensive equipment, and will provide a continuous curve
6.3 Drying Agents, acetone or methyl alcohol, commercial
with data obtained with standardized woven sieves.
grade.
7. Sampling
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21 on Ceramic
Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
7.1 Since the amount of sample used in the determination is
C21.04 on Raw Materials.
quite small, great care must be taken to avoid segregation.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014. Published December 2014. Originally
Gross samples must be cut down very carefully using splitters,
approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C925 – 09. DOI:
10.1520/C0925-09R14.
rifflers,orsimpleconeandquarteringtechniques.Adjustingthe
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
portion to an exact weight must be avoided. That is, a
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
representative portion must be extracted from the analytical
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. sample and all of it weighed and used.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C925 − 09 (2014)
10.2 Sample Size is somewhat dependent upon density, but
the following schedule is satisfactory for alumina and quartz:
Nominal Sieve Sample Weight
Apertures, µm (approximate), g
45, 30, 20 1.0
15, 10 0.4
5 0.15
10.3 Weigh the required amount of sample into a 100-mL
beaker, fill half with sieving solution (containing the dispersing
agent), and disperse by placing beaker in ultrasonic bath for 1
min. Microscopical examination of the particles after disper-
sion may be helpful in determining if the dispersion is
complete.
10.4 Wash the dispersed sample onto the sieve using a wash
bottle containing the sieving solution, turn on vacuum (a
maximum of 15 in. of water), and agitate. Continuously add
sieving solution, at a rate sufficient to maintain a small amount
inthesieve,untilabout1Lhaspassed.Bel
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C925 − 09 C925 − 09 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Guide for
Precision Electroformed Wet Sieve Analysis of Nonplastic
Ceramic Powders
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C925; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This guide covers the determination of the particle size distribution of pulverized alumina and quartz for particle sizes from
45 to 5 μm by wet sieving.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 The only exception is in the Section 5, Apparatus, 5.1 where there is no relevant SI equivalent.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of
this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior
to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E161 Specification for Precision Electroformed Sieves
3. Summary of Guide
3.1 A separate dispersed suspension of the powder is wet sieved through each sieve, using vacuum and vibration. The sieve and
sample are dried and weighed.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Both suppliers and users of pulverized ceramic powders will find this test method useful to determine particle size
distributions for materials specifications, manufacturing control, development, and research.
4.2 The test method is simple, although tedious, uses inexpensive equipment, and will provide a continuous curve with data
obtained with standardized woven sieves.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Precision Electroformed Sieves , 3-in., mounted in brass frames, having nominal apertures of 45, 30, 20, 10, and 5 μm and
a support grid having 5.7 lines per centimetre. Intermediate sizes may also be used.
5.2 Sieving Device (Fig. 1):
5.2.1 Filtering Flask (suction flask), 1-L, with side arm,
5.2.2 Büchner Funnel (for example, Coors No. 2),
5.2.3 O-Ring, 7.5-cm, rubber,
5.2.4 Graduate, 1-L,
5.2.5 Rubber Stoppers, one-hole to fit the flask and the funnel, two-hole to fit the graduate,
5.2.6 Quantity of glass tubing and rubber tubing,
5.2.7 Metal Rod, 15 to 20-cm, about 5 mm in diameter, and,
5.2.8 Vacuum Source.
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21 on Ceramic Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C21.04 on
Raw Materials.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2009Dec. 1, 2014. Published February 2009December 2014. Originally approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 20002009
as C925–79(2000).C925 – 09. DOI: 10.1520/C0925-09.10.1520/C0925-09R14.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C925 − 09 (2014)
FIG. 1 Wet Sieving Apparatus
5.3 Ultrasonic Cleaner, required to clean all sieves below 20 μm. It should be low-powered (for example, 100 W).
5.4 Analytical Balance, capable of weighing up to 100 g and having at least three significant digits after the decimal.
5.5 Drying Oven, capable of maintaining 110 6 5°C.
5.6 Desiccator, containing magnesium perchlorate or other suitable desiccant.
6. Reagents and Materials
6.1 Water, visually clear and particle free, not necessarily distilled, at room temperature or slightly above.
6.2 Sieving Solution, a dispersing media consisting of 0.1 weight % solution of sodium hexametaphosphate or sodium
pyrophosphate in water.
6.3 Drying Agents, acetone or methyl alcohol, commercial grade.
7. Sampling
7.1 Since the amount of sample used in the determination is quite small, great care must be taken to avoid segregation. Gross
samples must be cut down very carefully using splitters, rifflers, or simple cone and quartering techniques. Adjusting the portion
to an exact weight must be avoided. That is, a representative portion must be extracted from the analytical sample and all of it
weighed and used.
8. Preparation of Apparatus
8.1 Cleaning of Sieves—Use sufficient sieving solution to cover the sieve when suspended near the bottom of the ultrasonic tank.
(Some organic liquids are better but create a definite explosion hazard.) Turn on the generator for about 30 s. Fine sieves may need
multiple treatments. (Exposure to ultrasonic energy for periods exceeding 30 s at one time may damage the sieves.) After each
cleaning carefully examine the sieve against a light, using a magnifying glass, for blockages and breaks. (Breaks can be repaired
with epoxy resin.) Sieves of 20 μm and finer should be cleaned after each analysis. Rinse in clear water and dry
...
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