ASTM E715-80(2016)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Circulation Water Baths
Standard Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Circulation Water Baths
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the performance requirements for four types (Types IA, IB, IIA, and IIB) of unloaded and covered general-purpose gravity-convection and forced-circulation water baths ordinarily used in testing operations. The temperature within the bath chamber shall be controllable by an automatic device and, when examined by appropriate test methods, shall be uniform within the tolerances as to uniformity and time constant specified for the particular type of bath.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the performance requirements for general-purpose water baths ordinarily used in testing operations. It is applicable to gravity-convection and forced-circulation water baths operating in the range from 5°C above ambient to 100°C and having a water volume up to 100 L.
1.2 This specification covers unloaded, covered water baths.
General Information
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Designation:E715 −80 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Specification for
1
Gravity-Convection and Forced-Circulation Water Baths
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E715; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Test Methods
1.1 This specification covers the performance requirements 4.1 Temperature Uniformity:
for general-purpose water baths ordinarily used in testing
4.1.1 Place five calibrated temperature sensors in the un-
operations. It is applicable to gravity-convection and forced-
loaded water bath with diffuser plate in place and at lowest
circulation water baths operating in the range from 5°C above
position and water level approximately 38 mm (1.5 in.) from
ambient to 100°C and having a water volume up to 100 L.
the top. Temperature sensors may be platinum resistance
elements or thermistors having a time constant of 2.5 s or less,
1.2 This specification covers unloaded, covered water baths.
or thermocouples made of iron or copper-constantan wire
approximately 0.5 mm (24-gauge) in diameter and having a
2. Classification
junction size not larger than 2 mm (0.08 in.). Locate one sensor
2.1 This specification covers the following four types of
in each of the four corners of the bath approximately 50 mm (2
water baths:
in.) from each wall and midway between the diffuser plate and
2.1.1 Type IA—A gravity-convection bath having a unifor-
the water surface. Locate the fifth sensor within 25 mm (1 in.)
mity of temperature not greater than 62 % of the differential
of the geometric center of the bath. Cover the bath either with
between ambient and operating temperature.
the standard cover used with the bath or a flat sheet of stainless
2.1.2 Type IB—A gravity-convection bath having a unifor-
steel. If necessary, holes may be made in the cover, in the
mity of temperature not greater than 64 % of the differential
proper locations to accommodate the sensors. Rubber stoppers
between ambient and operating temperature.
shall be used to plug the holes in order to minimize vapor loss.
2.1.3 Type IIA—A forced-circulation bath having a unifor-
NOTE 2—If calibrated thermocouples are not available, five thermo-
mity of temperature not greater than 61 % of the differential
couples made from the same spool of wire may be used, provided they
between ambient and operating temperature.
give the same value for temperature when placed adjacent to one another
2.1.4 Type IIB—A forced-circulation bath having a unifor-
in the bath at test temperature.
mity of temperature not greater than 62 % of the differential
4.1.2 Bring the bath to the desired temperature and allow it
between ambient and operating temperature.
to reach a steady state. Record the temperatures of the five
NOTE 1—Uncovered water baths will generally have uniformities
sensors for a period of 3 h. Determine from the record the
broader by an additional 0.1°C.
maximum deviation in both plus and minus direction from the
desired temperature. Ambient temperature shall not vary by
3. Performance Requirements
more than a total of 4°C and the line voltage shall not vary by
3.1 The temperature within the bath chamber shal
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E715 − 80 (Reapproved 2011) E715 − 80 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Specification for
1
Gravity-Convection and Forced-Circulation Water Baths
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E715; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers the performance requirements for general-purpose water baths ordinarily used in testing
operations. It is applicable to gravity-convection and forced-circulation water baths operating in the range from 5°C above ambient
to 100°C and having a water volume up to 100 L.
1.2 This specification covers unloaded, covered water baths.
2. Classification
2.1 This specification covers the following four types of water baths:
2.1.1 Type IA—A gravity-convection bath having a uniformity of temperature not greater than 62 % of the differential between
ambient and operating temperature.
2.1.2 Type IB—A gravity-convection bath having a uniformity of temperature not greater than 64 % of the differential between
ambient and operating temperature.
2.1.3 Type IIA—A forced-circulation bath having a uniformity of temperature not greater than 61 % of the differential between
ambient and operating temperature.
2.1.4 Type IIB—A forced-circulation bath having a uniformity of temperature not greater than 62 % of the differential between
ambient and operating temperature.
NOTE 1—Uncovered water baths will generally have uniformities broader by an additional 0.1°C.
3. Performance Requirements
3.1 The temperature within the bath chamber shall be controllable by an automatic device and shall be uniform within the
tolerances given in Table 1 for the particular type of bath when tested in accordance with 4.1.
3.2 The “time constant” is an arbitrary measure of the rate at which a standard specimen is heated following the procedure of
4.2. The value of the time constant shall not exceed the maximum value given in Table 1 for the particular type of bath.
4. Test Methods
4.1 Temperature Uniformity:
4.1.1 Place five calibrated temperature sensors in the unloaded water bath with diffuser plate in place and at lowest position and
water level approximately 38 mm (1.5 in.) from the top. Temperature sensors may be platinum resistance elements or thermistors
having a time constant of 2.5 s or less, or thermocouples made of iron or copper-constantan wire approximately 0.5 mm (24-gauge)
in diameter and having a junction size not larger than 2 mm (0.08 in.). Locate one sensor in each of the four corners of the bath
approximately 50 mm (2 in.) from each wall and midway between the diffuser plate and the water surface. Locate the fifth sensor
within 25 mm (1 in.) of the geometric center of the bath. Cover the bath either with the standard cover used with the bath or a
flat sheet of stainless steel. If necessary, holes may be made in the cover, in the proper locations to accommodate the sensors.
Rubber stoppers shall be used to plug the holes in order to minimize vapor loss.
NOTE 2—If calibrated thermocouples are not available, five thermocouples made from th
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