ASTM D4829-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Expansion Index of Soils
Standard Test Method for Expansion Index of Soils
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The expansion index, EI, provides an indication of swelling potential of a compacted soil.
The EI test is not used to duplicate any particular field conditions such as soil density, water content, loading, in-place soil structure, or soil water chemistry. However, consistent test conditions are used in preparation of compacted specimens such that direct correlation of data can be made between organizations.
Note 1—Qualitative classification of potential expansion in a soil based on EI is provided in Table 1.
Note 2—Notwithstanding the statements on precision and bias contained in this test method: The precision of this test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies which meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent testing. Users of this test method are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not ensure reliable testing. Reliable testing depends on several factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method allows for determination of expansion potential of compacted soils when inundated with distilled water.
1.2 This test method provides a simple yet sensitive method for determination of expansion potential of compacted soils for practical engineering applications using an index parameter.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are approximate.
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026.
1.4.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard is beyond its scope.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D 4829 – 08
Standard Test Method for
1
Expansion Index of Soils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4829; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
Note—Table 1 was editorially updated and the year date was changed on April 18, 2008.
3
1. Scope* istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft (600
3
kN-m/m ))
1.1 This test method allows for determination of expansion
D854 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by
potential of compacted soils when inundated with distilled
2
Water Pycnometer
water.
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Wa-
1.2 Thistestmethodprovidesasimpleyetsensitivemethod
ter (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
fordeterminationofexpansionpotentialofcompactedsoilsfor
D2435 Test Methods for One-Dimensional Consolidation
practical engineering applications using an index parameter.
Properties of Soils Using Incremental Loading
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are approxi-
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
mate.
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
D3877 Test Methods for One-Dimensional Expansion,
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
Shrinkage, and Uplift Pressure of Soil-Lime Mixtures
Practice D6026.
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying
1.4.1 The method used to specify how data are collected,
Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and
calculated,orrecordedinthisstandardisnotdirectlyrelatedto
Construction Materials Testing
theaccuracytowhichthedatacanbeappliedindesignorother
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechni-
uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this
cal Data
standard is beyond its scope.
E11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for Testing
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Purposes
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Ventilation Ovens
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3. Terminology
2. Referenced Documents 3.1 For common definitions of other terms used in this Test
3
Method, refer to Terminology D653.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2 Definitions:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
3.2.1 scarification—scratching the surface of a compacted
Fluids
layertofacilitatebondingwiththenextlayertoavoidpotential
D698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
separation between compacted layers.
3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
3.3.1 expansion index (EI), n—1000 times the difference
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.05 on Strength and
between final and initial height of the specimen divided by the
Compressibility of Soils.
initial height.
Current edition approved April 18, 2008. Published April 2008. Originally
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D4829–03.
4. Summary of Test Method
2
Refer to Anderson, J. N., and Lade, P. V., “The Expansion Index Test,’’
Geotechnical Testing Journal, Vol 4, No. 2, ASTM, 1981, pp. 58–67.
4.1 Aspecimen is prepared by compacting a test soil into a
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
metalringatadegreeofsaturationof50 62%.Thespecimen
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
and the ring are then placed in a consolidometer. A vertical
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
2
the ASTM website. confining pressure of 6.9 kPa (1 lbf/in. ) is applied to the
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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D4829–08
specimen and the specimen is then inundated with distilled 6.6 Sieves—A 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve conforming to the
water.The deformation of the specimen is recorded for 24 h or requirements of SpecificationE11.
until the rate of deformation becomes less than 0.005 mm/h 6.7 Mixing Tools—Miscellaneous tools such as mixing
(0.0002 in./h), whichever occurs first. A minimum recording pans, spoons, trowels, spatula, a
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4829–95 Designation:D4829–08
Standard Test Method for
1
Expansion Index of Soils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4829; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
Note—Table 1 was editorially updated and the year date was changed on April 18, 2008.
1. Scope*
1.1 Thistestmethodprovidesanindextotheallowsfordeterminationofexpansionpotentialofcompactedsoilswheninundated
2
with distilled water.
1.2Thistestmethodcontrolsvariablesthatinfluencetheexpansivecharacteristicsofsoilsandstillretainsarelativelysimpletest
for practical engineering applications.
1.2 This test method provides a simple yet sensitive method for determination of expansion potential of compacted soils for
practical engineering applications using an index parameter.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are approximate.
1.4
1.4 AllobservedandcalculatedvaluesshallconformtotheguidelinesforsignificantdigitsandroundingestablishedinPractice
D6026.
1.4.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the
accuracytowhichthedatacanbeappliedindesignorotheruses,orboth.Howoneappliestheresultsobtainedusingthisstandard
is beyond its scope.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
3 3
D698 TestMethodsforLaboratoryCompactionCharacteristicsofSoilUsingStandardEffort(12,400ft-lbf/ft (600kN-m/m ))
3
D854Test Method for Specific Gravity of Soils Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Water Pycnometer
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
3
D2435TestMethodforOne-DimensionalConsolidationPropertiesofSoils TestMethodsforOne-DimensionalConsolidation
Properties of Soils Using Incremental Loading
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
3
D3877Test Methods for One-Dimensional Expansion, Shrinkage, and Uplift Pressure of Soil-Lime Mixtures
3
D4318Test Method for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils Test Methods for One-Dimensional
Expansion, Shrinkage, and Uplift Pressure of Soil-Lime Mixtures
D4753Specification for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Scales for Use in Testing Soil, Rock and Related
3
Construction Materials Testing Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for Use in
Soil, Rock, and Construction Materials Testing
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data
E11Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Purposes Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for Testing Purposes
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D-18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.05 on Structural Properties
of Soils.
Current edition approved April 15, 1995. Published August 1995.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.05 on Strength and
Compressibility of Soils.
Current edition approved April 18, 2008. Published April 2008. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D4829–03.
2
Refer to Anderson, J. N., and Lade, P. V., “The Expansion Index Test,’’ Geotechnical Testing Journal, Vol 4, No. 2, ASTM, 1981, pp. 58–67.
3
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 04.08.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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D4829–08
E145 Specification for Gravity-Convect
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