ASTM D1003-21

Standard Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Light that is scattered upon passing through a film or sheet of a material can produce a hazy or smoky field when objects are viewed through the material. Another effect can be veiling glare, as occurs in an automobile windshield when driving into the sun.  
4.2 Although haze measurements are made most commonly by the use of a hazemeter, a spectrophotometer may be used, provided that it meets the geometric and spectral requirements of Section 5. The use of a spectrophotometer for haze measurement of plastics can provide valuable diagnostic data on the origin of the haze,4 and Procedure B is devoted to the use of a spectrophotometer.  
4.2.1 Procedure A (hazemeter) test values are normally slightly higher and less variable than Procedure B (spectrophotometer) test values.  
4.3 Regular luminous transmittance is obtained by placing a clear specimen at some distance from the entrance port of the integrating sphere. However, when the specimen is hazy, the total hemispherical luminous transmittance must be measured by placing the specimen at the entrance port of the sphere. The measured total hemispherical luminous transmittance will be greater than the regular luminous transmittance, depending on the optical properties of the sample. With this test method, the specimen is necessarily placed at the entrance port of the sphere in order to measure haze and total hemispherical luminous transmittance.  
4.4 Haze data representative of the material may be obtained by avoiding heterogeneous surface or internal defects not characteristic of the material.  
4.5 Haze and luminous-transmittance data are especially useful for quality control and specification purposes.  
4.6 Before proceeding with this test method, reference should be made to the specification of the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or testing parameters, or combination thereof, covered in the materials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of specific light-transmitting and wide-angle-light-scattering properties of planar sections of materials such as essentially transparent plastic. Two procedures are provided for the measurement of luminous transmittance and haze. Procedure A uses a hazemeter as described in Section 5 and Procedure B uses a spectrophotometer as described in Section 8. Material having a haze value greater than 30 % is considered diffusing and should be tested in accordance with Practice E2387.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
Note 1: For greater discrimination among materials that scatter a high percent of light within a narrow forward angle, such as is the case with abraded transparent plastics, adjust the hazemeter and perform measurements in accordance with Test Method D1044.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 2: This test method is not equivalent to ISO 13468-1 and ISO/DIS 14782.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2021
• ICS: 83.140.99 - Other rubber and plastics products
• Technical Committee: D20 - Plastics
• Drafting Committee: D20.40 - Optical Properties

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1003 − 21
Standard Test Method for
1
Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1003; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
This test method replaces Method 3022 of Federal Test Method Standard 406.
1. Scope* D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1044TestMethodforResistanceofTransparentPlasticsto
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of specific
Surface Abrasion by the Taber Abraser
light-transmitting and wide-angle-light-scattering properties of
E259Practice for Preparation of Pressed Powder White
planar sections of materials such as essentially transparent
Reflectance Factor Transfer Standards for Hemispherical
plastic. Two procedures are provided for the measurement of
and Bi-Directional Geometries
luminous transmittance and haze. ProcedureAuses a hazeme-
E284Terminology of Appearance
ter as described in Section 5 and Procedure B uses a spectro-
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
photometer as described in Section 8. Material having a haze
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
value greater than 30% is considered diffusing and should be
E2387Practice for Goniometric Optical Scatter Measure-
tested in accordance with Practice E2387.
ments
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
E2935Practice for Conducting Equivalence Tests for Com-
standard.
paring Testing Processes
NOTE1—Forgreaterdiscriminationamongmaterialsthatscatterahigh 3
2.2 ISO Standards:
percent of light within a narrow forward angle, such as is the case with
ISO 13468-1Plastics—Determination of the Total Lumi-
abraded transparent plastics, adjust the hazemeter and perform measure-
nous Transmittance of Transparent Materials
ments in accordance with Test Method D1044.
ISO/DIS 14782Plastics—Determination of Haze of Trans-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
parent Materials
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3. Terminology
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1 Definitions—Terms applicable to this test method are
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
defined in Terminologies D883 and E284.
NOTE 2—This test method is not equivalent to ISO 13468-1 and
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
ISO/DIS 14782.
3.2.1 haze, n—in transmission, the scattering of light by a
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
specimen responsible for the reduction in contrast of objects
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
viewed through it. The percent of transmitted light that is
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
scattered so that its direction deviates more than a specified
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
angle from the direction of the incident beam.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.2.1.1 Discussion—In this test method, the specified angle
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
is 0.044 rad (2.5°).
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.2 luminous, adj—weighted according to the spectral
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: luminous efficiency function V(λ) of the CIE (1987).
D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
3.2.3 luminous transmittance, n—the ratio of the luminous
flux transmitted by a body to the flux incident upon it.
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlastics
4. Significance and Use
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.40 on Optical Properties.
Current edition approved May 1, 2021. Published June 2021. Originally
4.1 Light that is scattered upon passing through a film or
approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D1003-13. DOI:
sheet of a material can produce a hazy or smoky field when
10.1520/D1003-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright ©ASTM International,
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1003 − 13 D1003 − 21
Standard Test Method for
1
Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1003; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
This test method replaces Method 3022 of Federal Test Method Standard 406.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of specific light-transmitting and wide-angle-light-scattering properties of planar
sections of materials such as essentially transparent plastic. Two procedures are provided for the measurement of luminous
transmittance and haze. Procedure A uses a hazemeter as described in Section 5 and Procedure B uses a spectrophotometer as
described in Section 8. Material having a haze value greater than 30 % is considered diffusing and should be tested in accordance
with Practice E2387.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
NOTE 1—For greater discrimination among materials that scatter a high percent of light within a narrow forward angle, such as is the case with abraded
transparent plastics, adjust the hazemeter and perform measurements in accordance with Test Method D1044.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 2—This test method is not equivalent to ISO 13468-1 and ISO/DIS 14782.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1044 Test Method for Resistance of Transparent Plastics to Surface Abrasion by the Taber Abraser
E259 Practice for Preparation of Pressed Powder White Reflectance Factor Transfer Standards for Hemispherical and
Bi-Directional Geometries
E284 Terminology of Appearance
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E2387 Practice for Goniometric Optical Scatter Measurements
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.40 on Optical Properties.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2013May 1, 2021. Published November 2013June 2021. Originally approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 20112013 as
ε1
D1003 - 11D1003 - 13. . DOI: 10.1520/D1003-13.10.1520/D1003-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D1003 − 21
E2935 Practice for Conducting Equivalence Tests for Comparing Testing Processes
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 13468-1 Plastics—Determination of the Total Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Materials
ISO/DIS 14782 Plastics—Determination of Haze of Transparent Materials
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Terms applicable to this test method are defined in Terminologies D883 and E284.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 haze, n—in transmission, the scattering of light by a specimen responsible for the reduction in contrast of objects viewed
through it. The percent of transmitted light that is scattered so that its direction deviates more than a specified angle from the
direction of the incident beam.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
In this test method, the specified angle is 0.044 rad (2.5°).
3.2.2 luminous, adj—weighted according to the spectral luminous efficiency function V()V(λ) of the CIE
...