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ASTM F2355-10

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Design and Performance Requirements for Lighter-Than-Air Light Sport Aircraft

Standard Specification for Design and Performance Requirements for Lighter-Than-Air Light Sport Aircraft

ABSTRACT
This specification covers design and performance requirements that apply for the manufacture of lighter-than-air light sport aircraft. Performance requirements for balloons, airships and thermal airships are: proof of compliance; general performance; flight performance; climb; controllability and maneuverability; descent; landing; and stability and control. Structure requirements for airships, thermal airships, balloons and vectored thrust balloons are presented in details. The power plant installation shall be easily accessible for inspection and maintenance. The equipments for airships and free balloons are presented in details. The operating limitations and other information necessary for safe operation shall be established and documented in a flight manual, which will be made available to the pilot upon aircraft delivery.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers design and performance requirements that apply for the manufacture of lighter-than-air light sport aircraft.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Jan-2010
ICS
49.020 - Aircraft and space vehicles in general
Technical Committee
F37 - Light Sport Aircraft
Drafting Committee
F37.60 - Lighter than Air
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM F2355-05a(2008) - Standard Specification for Design and Performance Requirements for Lighter-Than-Air Light Sport Aircraft
Effective Date
01-Feb-2010
Replaced By
ASTM F2355-12 - Standard Specification for Design and Performance Requirements for Lighter-Than-Air Light Sport Aircraft
Effective Date
15-Nov-2012
Referred By
ASTM F3060-20 - Standard Terminology for Aircraft
Effective Date
01-Feb-2010

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ASTM F2355-10 - Standard Specification for Design and Performance Requirements for Lighter-Than-Air Light Sport AircraftASTM F2355-10 - Standard Specification for Design and Performance Requirements for Lighter-Than-Air Light Sport Aircraft
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ASTM F2355-10 - Standard Specification for Design and Performance Requirements for Lighter-Than-Air Light Sport Aircraft
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:F2355 −10
StandardSpecification for
Design and Performance Requirements for Lighter-Than-Air
1
Light Sport Aircraft
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2355; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.3 design useful load—load (other than structure, engine,
enclosure,andsystems)thatalighter-than-airaircraftcancarry
1.1 This specification covers design and performance re-
while achieving the design defining performance requirements.
quirements that apply for the manufacture of lighter-than-air
3.1.4 gross weight—total aircraft system weight(s) at take-
light sport aircraft.
off. The weight limits must be established so that it is: (1) the
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
designed maximum weight at which compliance with each
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
applicable structural loading condition is demonstrated, or (2)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the highest weight at which compliance at each applicable
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
flight requirement is demonstrated.
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.
3.1.5 lighter-than-air aircraft—aircraft that can rise and
remain suspended by using contained gas weighing less than
2. Referenced Documents
the air that is displaced by the gas.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.5.1 Discussion—Airships may include dynamic lift that
F2353 Specification for Manufacturer Quality Assurance
derive as much as 30 % lift from other than buoyancy.
Program for Lighter-Than-Air Light Sport Aircraft
3.1.6 maximum takeoff weight—gross weight limit as de-
F2354 SpecificationforContinuedAirworthinessSystemfor
fined by the manufacturer, proven through compliance with
Lighter-Than-Air Light Sport Aircraft
this specification and placarded on the aircraft as the not-to-
F2356 Specification for ProductionAcceptance Testing Sys-
exceed gross weight.
tem for Lighter-Than-Air Light Sport Aircraft
F2427 Specification for Required Product Information to be
3.1.7 thermal airship—craft with design features to prevent
Provided with Lighter-Than-Air Light Sport Aircraft
collapse due to forward motion for which buoyancy is created
or enhanced by heating of the gas in an otherwise unpressur-
3. Terminology
ized envelope.
3.1.8 vectored thrust balloon—craft that can move laterally,
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 airship—engine-driven lighter-than-air aircraft that but is limited to lateral speed by its lack of design features to
prevent collapse due to forward motion.
can be steered.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—This definition can include “and that
3.1.9 weight limitations—operational weight restrictions
sustains flight through the use of either gas buoyancy or an
(maximum/minimum) as defined by the manufacturer and
airborne heater, or both.”
proven through compliance with this specification to demon-
3.1.2 balloon—lighter-than-air aircraft that is not engine- strate controllability.
driven, and that sustains flight through the use of either gas
buoyancy or an airborne heater, or both. 4. Flight Requirements
4.1 Performance Requirements for Airships and Thermal
Airships, except as noted:
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F37 on Light
4.1.1 Proof of Compliance—Each of the following require-
Sport Aircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F37.60 on Lighter
ments shall be met at the maximum takeoff weight and most
than Air.
critical center of gravity (CG) position. To the extent that CG
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2010. Published March 2010. Originally
adjustment devices may be adjusted for flight, these compo-
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as F2355 – 05a (2008).
DOI: 10.1520/F2355-10.
nents will be evaluated in the least favorable recommended
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
position as it affects either performance or structural strength.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.1.2 General Performance—All performance requirements
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. apply in and shall be corrected to International Civil Aviation
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2355−10
Organization (ICAO) defined standard atmosphere in still air (3) Longitudinal upset response shall be evaluated by
conditionsatsealevel.Speedssha
...

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SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers minimum requirements for the design, manufacture, and installation of parachutes for airframes. Airframe emergency parachutes addressed in this specification refer to parachute systems designed, manufactured, and installed to recover the airframe and its occupants at a survivable rate of descent. This specification is not applicable to deep-stall parachutes, spin recovery parachutes, drogue parachutes, or other airframe emergency aerodynamic decelerators not specifically intended for safely lowering the airframe and occupants to the ground. The specification is applicable to these types of parachutes if they are an integral part of an airframe emergency parachute system designed to recover the airframe and occupants at a survivable rate of descent.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. There may be values given in parentheses that are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units. Values in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.2.1 Note that within the aviation community mixed units are appropriate in accordance with International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) agreements. While the values stated in SI units are regarded as standard, certain values such as airspeeds in knots and altitude in feet are also accepted as standard.  
1.3 Airframe emergency parachute recovery systems have become an acceptable means of greatly reducing the likelihood of serious injury or death in an in-flight emergency. Even though they have saved hundreds of lives in many different types of conditions, inherent danger of failure, even if properly designed, manufactured and installed, remains due to the countless permutations of random variables (attitude, altitude, accelerations, airspeed, weight, geographic location, etc.) that may exist at time of usage. The combination of these variables may negatively influence the life saving function of these airframe emergency parachute systems. They are designed to be a supplemental safety device and to be used at the discretion of the pilot when deemed to provide the best chance of survivability.  
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Standard Practice for Production Acceptance in the Manufacture of a Fixed Wing Light Sport Aircraft

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SCOPE
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