ASTM D4495-21

Standard Test Method for Impact Resistance of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Rigid Profiles by Means of a Falling Weight

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The impact strength of PVC profiles relates to suitability for service and to quality of processing. Impact tests are used for quality-control purposes and as an indication that products can withstand handling during assembling, installation, or in service.  
5.2 Results obtained by use of this test method are used in two ways:  
5.2.1 As the basis for establishing impact-test requirements in product standards, and  
5.2.2 To measure the effect of changes in materials or processing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the energy required to crack or break rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) profile under specified conditions of impact by means of a falling weight.  
1.2 This test method is used either by itself or in conjunction with other methods for measuring PVC product toughness.  
1.3 Because of the wide variety of profile sizes and shapes and the wide variety of manufacturing procedures and field abuse, this test method does not correlate universally with all types of abuse. Therefore, correlations must be established as needed.  
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2021
• ICS: 83.140.01 - Rubber and plastics products in general
• Technical Committee: D20 - Plastics
• Drafting Committee: D20.24 - Plastic Building Products

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D4495 −21 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Impact Resistance of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Rigid
1
Profiles by Means of a Falling Weight
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4495; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the energy
required to crack or break rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
profile under specified conditions of impact by means of a
falling weight. E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
1.2 Thistestmethodisusedeitherbyitselforinconjunction
3. Terminology
with other methods for measuring PVC product toughness.
3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
1.3 Because of the wide variety of profile sizes and shapes
nology D883, unless otherwise indicated.
and the wide variety of manufacturing procedures and field
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
abuse, this test method does not correlate universally with all
3.2.1 failure—the presence of a brittle failure readily visible
types of abuse. Therefore, correlations must be established as
by the naked eye, including a sharp crack, split, or shatter in
needed.
any part of the profile as a result of the impact of the falling
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
weight. Failure does not include ductile tears (where the
which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
surfaces at the tip of the crack have a greater than 0° angle), or
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
ductile breaks (hinged breaks where the cracked part remains
as requirements of this standard.
joined to the unbroken part throughout the length of the
cracked part or section), (Fig. 1).
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as the standard. 3.2.2 mean failure height—the height from which the
falling weight will cause 50 % of the specimens to fail.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.2.3 mean failure energy—energy required to produce
50 % failures. The product of the weight and mean failure
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- height.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.4 outlier—an observation that appears to deviate mark-
edly from other members of the sample in which it occurs.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
4. Summary of Test Method
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4.1 The profile is cut into lengths of at least 6 in. The test
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
method establishes the height from which a standard falling
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
weight will cause 50 % of the specimens to fail.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 TheimpactstrengthofPVCprofilesrelatestosuitability
for service and to quality of processing. Impact tests are used
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.24 on Plastic Building
2
Products. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2021. Published December 2021. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D4495 – 16. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D4495-21. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D4495−21
FIG. 1 Types of Breaks
for quality-control purposes and as an indication that products use environments. However, this test method is intended
can withstand handling during assembling, installation, or in primarily for rating materials under specific impact
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4495 − 16 D4495 − 21 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Impact Resistance of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Rigid
1
Profiles by Means of a Falling Weight
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4495; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the energy required to crack or break rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) profile
under specified conditions of impact by means of a falling weight.
1.2 This test method is used either by itself or in conjunction with other methods for measuring PVC product toughness.
1.3 Because of the wide variety of profile sizes and shapes and the wide variety of manufacturing procedures and field abuse, this
test method does not correlate universally with all types of abuse. Therefore, correlations must be established as needed.
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.24 on Plastic Building Products.
Current edition approved May 1, 2016Dec. 1, 2021. Published May 2016December 2021. Originally approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 20122016 as
D4495 – 12.D4495 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/D4495-16.10.1520/D4495-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D4495 − 21
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Terminology D883, unless otherwise indicated.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 failure—the presence of a brittle failure readily visible by the naked eye, including a sharp crack, split, or shatter in any part
of the profile as a result of the impact of the falling weight. Failure does not include ductile tears (where the surfaces at the tip
of the crack have a greater than 0° angle), or ductile breaks (hinged breaks where the cracked part remains joined to the unbroken
part throughout the length of the cracked part or section), (Fig. 1).
3.2.2 mean failure height—the height from which the falling weight will cause 50 % of the specimens to fail.
3.2.3 mean failure energy—energy required to produce 50 % failures. The product of the weight and mean failure height.
3.2.4 outlier—an observation that appears to deviate markedly from other members of the sample in which it occurs.
FIG. 1 Types of Breaks
2

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D4495 − 21
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The profile is cut into lengths of at least 6 in. The test method establishes the height from which a standard falling weight will
cause 50 % of the specimens to fail.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The impact strength of PVC profiles relates to suitability for service and to qu
...