ISO 13927:2015 specifies a method suitable for the production control or product development purposes for assessing the heat release rate of essentially flat products exposed in the horizontal orientation to controlled levels of radiant heating with an external igniter. The heat release rate is determined by the use of a thermopile instead of the more accurate oxygen consumption techniques. The time to ignition (sustained flaming) is also measured in this test. Test specimen mass loss can also be measured optionally.

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This document specifies a method suitable for the production control or product development purposes for assessing the heat release rate of essentially flat products exposed in the horizontal orientation to controlled levels of radiant heating with an external igniter. The heat release rate is determined by the use of a thermopile instead of the more accurate oxygen consumption techniques. The time to ignition and sustained flaming are also measured in this test. The mass loss of the test specimen can also be measured optionally.

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This document specifies a method of determining the degree of disintegration of plastic materials when exposed to a laboratory-scale composting environment. The method is not applicable to the determination of the biodegradability of plastic materials under composting conditions. Further testing is necessary to be able to claim compostability.

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This document specifies a method of determining the degree of disintegration of plastic materials when exposed to a laboratory-scale composting environment. The method is not applicable to the determination of the biodegradability of plastic materials under composting conditions. Further testing is necessary to be able to claim compostability.

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This document specifies the technical requirements, test methods, detection rules, marking/labelling, packaging, transportation and storage of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) based filament for use in specific additive manufacturing technology, such as materials extrusion (MEX). The document applies to PLA based filament for MEX additive manufacturing applications.

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This document specifies two methods, A and B, for determining the pourability of plastics in powdered and granular form, by measuring the flow time through a funnel under specified conditions.
From method A, information concerning the processability can be derived, whilst method B is especially designed for process control during manufacture.
The methods specified are not necessarily applicable to all plastics in powdered and granular form.

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This document specifies two methods, A and B, for determining the pourability of plastics in powdered and granular form, by measuring the flow time through a funnel under specified conditions.
From method A, information concerning the processability can be derived, whilst method B is especially designed for process control during manufacture.
The methods specified are not necessarily applicable to all plastics in powdered and granular form.

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This document specifies a test method to evaluate the anti-biofilm activity of anti-biofilm treated plastics and other non-porous surfaces of products, including intermediate products. It is applicable to products such as plastics, coating materials, ceramics, stainless steels and rubber. Textile and photocatalytic materials are out of its scope. This method is intended to be a screening test for material development, and it is not expected to reflect effects observed in the actual environment in which materials will be deployed. A “Crystal violet staining – Absorbance measurement assay” is used to quantify the amount of biofilm formation in this document.

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This document specifies two methods, A and B, for determining the pourability of plastics in powdered and granular form, by measuring the flow time through a funnel under specified conditions. From method A, information concerning the processability can be derived, whilst method B is especially designed for process control during manufacture. The methods specified are not necessarily applicable to all plastics in powdered and granular form.

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ISO 179-1:2010 specifies a method for determining the Charpy impact strength of plastics under defined conditions. A number of different types of specimen and test configurations are defined. Different test parameters are specified according to the type of material, the type of test specimen and the type of notch.
The method can be used to investigate the behaviour of specified types of specimen under the impact conditions defined and for estimating the brittleness or toughness of specimens within the limitations inherent in the test conditions. It can also be used for the determination of comparative data from similar types of material.
The method has a greater range of applicability than that given in ISO 180 (Izod impact testing) and is more suitable for the testing of materials showing interlaminar shear fracture or of materials exhibiting surface effects due to environmental factors.
The method is suitable for use with the following range of materials:
rigid thermoplastic moulding and extrusion materials (including filled and reinforced compounds in addition to unfilled types) and rigid thermoplastics sheets;
rigid thermosetting moulding materials (including filled and reinforced compounds) and rigid thermosetting sheets (including laminates);
fibre-reinforced thermosetting and thermoplastic composites incorporating unidirectional or multi-directional reinforcements (such as mats, woven fabrics, woven rovings, chopped strands, combination and hybrid reinforcements, rovings and milled fibres) or incorporating sheets made from pre-impregnated materials (prepregs), including filled compounds;
thermotropic liquid-crystal polymers.

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1.1 This document specifies a method for determining the Izod impact strength of plastics under defined conditions. A number of different types of specimen and test configurations are defined. Different test parameters are specified according to the type of material, the type of test specimen and the type of notch.
1.2 The method is used to investigate the behaviour of specified types of specimen under the impact conditions defined and for estimating the brittleness or toughness of specimens within the limitations inherent in the test conditions.
1.3 The method is suitable for use with the following range of materials:
— rigid thermoplastic moulding and extrusion materials, including filled and reinforced compounds in addition to unfilled types; rigid thermoplastics sheets;
— rigid thermosetting moulding materials, including filled and reinforced compounds; rigid thermosetting sheets, including laminates;
— fibre-reinforced thermosetting and thermoplastic composites incorporating unidirectional or non-unidirectional reinforcements such as mat, woven fabrics, woven rovings, chopped strands, combination and hybrid reinforcements, rovings and milled fibres and sheet made from pre-impregnated materials (prepregs);
— thermotropic liquid-crystal polymers.
1.4 The method is not normally suitable for use with rigid cellular materials and sandwich structures containing cellular material. Notched specimens are also not normally used for long-fibre-reinforced composites or thermotropic liquid-crystal polymers.
1.5 The method is suited to the use of specimens which can be either moulded to the chosen dimensions, machined from the central portion of a standard multipurpose test specimen (see ISO 20753) or machined from finished or semi-finished products such as mouldings, laminates and extruded or cast sheet.
1.6 The method specifies preferred dimensions for the test specimen. Tests which are carried out on specimens of different dimensions or with different notches, or specimens which are prepared under different conditions, may produce results which are not comparable. Other factors, such as the energy capacity of the apparatus, its impact velocity and the conditioning of the specimens can also influence the results. Consequently, when comparative data are required, these factors are to be carefully controlled and recorded.
1.7 The method is not intended to be used as a source of data for design calculations. Information on the typical behaviour of a material can be obtained, however, by testing at different temperatures, by varying the notch radius and/or the thickness and by testing specimens prepared under different conditions.

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This document specifies a test method for the determination of puncture impact properties of rigid plastics, in the form of flat specimens, using instruments for measuring force and deflection. It is applicable if a force-deflection or force-time diagram, recorded at nominal constant striker velocity, is necessary for detailed characterization of the impact behaviour.
The test method is applicable to specimens with a thickness between 1 mm to 4 mm.
The method is suitable for use with the following types of material:
—    rigid thermoplastic moulding and extrusion materials, including filled, unfilled and reinforced compounds and sheets;
—    rigid thermosetting moulding and extrusion materials, including filled and reinforced compounds, sheets and laminates;
—    fibre-reinforced thermoset and thermoplastic composites incorporating unidirectional or multi-directional reinforcements such as mats, woven fabrics, woven rovings, chopped strands, combination and hybrid reinforcements, rovings, milled fibres and sheets made from pre-impregnated materials (prepregs).
The method is also applicable to specimens which are either moulded or machined from finished products, laminates and extruded or cast sheet.
The test results are comparable only if the conditions of preparation of the specimens, their dimensions and surfaces as well as the test conditions are the same. In particular, results determined on specimens of different thickness cannot be compared with one another (see Annex E). Comprehensive evaluation of the reaction to impact stress can be obtained by determinations made as a function of impact velocity and temperature for different material variables, such as crystallinity and moisture content.
The impact behaviour of finished products cannot be predicted directly from this test, but specimens may be taken from finished products (see above) for tests by this method.
Test data developed by this method is not intended to be used for design calculations. However, information on the typical behaviour of the material can be obtained by testing at different temperatures and impact velocities (see Annex D) by varying the thickness (see Annex E) and by testing specimens prepared under different conditions.
It is not the purpose of this document to give an interpretation of the mechanism occurring on every particular point of the force-deflection diagram. These interpretations are a task for scientific research.

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This document specifies a test method for the determination of puncture impact properties of rigid plastics, in the form of flat specimens, using instruments for measuring force and deflection. It is applicable if a force-deflection or force-time diagram, recorded at nominal constant striker velocity, is necessary for detailed characterization of the impact behaviour.
The test method is applicable to specimens with a thickness between 1 mm to 4 mm.
The method is suitable for use with the following types of material:
—    rigid thermoplastic moulding and extrusion materials, including filled, unfilled and reinforced compounds and sheets;
—    rigid thermosetting moulding and extrusion materials, including filled and reinforced compounds, sheets and laminates;
—    fibre-reinforced thermoset and thermoplastic composites incorporating unidirectional or multi-directional reinforcements such as mats, woven fabrics, woven rovings, chopped strands, combination and hybrid reinforcements, rovings, milled fibres and sheets made from pre-impregnated materials (prepregs).
The method is also applicable to specimens which are either moulded or machined from finished products, laminates and extruded or cast sheet.
The test results are comparable only if the conditions of preparation of the specimens, their dimensions and surfaces as well as the test conditions are the same. In particular, results determined on specimens of different thickness cannot be compared with one another (see Annex E). Comprehensive evaluation of the reaction to impact stress can be obtained by determinations made as a function of impact velocity and temperature for different material variables, such as crystallinity and moisture content.
The impact behaviour of finished products cannot be predicted directly from this test, but specimens may be taken from finished products (see above) for tests by this method.
Test data developed by this method is not intended to be used for design calculations. However, information on the typical behaviour of the material can be obtained by testing at different temperatures and impact velocities (see Annex D) by varying the thickness (see Annex E) and by testing specimens prepared under different conditions.
It is not the purpose of this document to give an interpretation of the mechanism occurring on every particular point of the force-deflection diagram. These interpretations are a task for scientific research.

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This document specifies a method for determining the Charpy impact strength of plastics under defined conditions. A number of different types of specimen and test configurations are defined. Different test parameters are specified according to the type of material, the type of test specimen and the type of notch.
The method can be used to investigate the behaviour of specified types of specimen under the impact conditions defined and for estimating the brittleness or toughness of specimens within the limitations inherent in the test conditions. It can also be used for the determination of comparative data from similar types of material.

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This document specifies a method for determining the Izod impact strength of plastics under defined conditions. A number of different types of specimen and test configurations are defined. Different test parameters are specified according to the type of material, the type of test specimen and the type of notch.
The method is used to investigate the behaviour of specified types of specimen under the impact conditions defined and for estimating the brittleness or toughness of specimens within the limitations inherent in the test conditions.

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This document specifies a test method for the determination of puncture impact properties of rigid plastics, in the form of flat specimens, using instruments for measuring force and deflection. It is applicable if a force-deflection or force-time diagram, recorded at nominal constant striker velocity, is necessary for detailed characterization of the impact behaviour. The test method is applicable to specimens with a thickness between 1 mm to 4 mm. The method is suitable for use with the following types of material: — rigid thermoplastic moulding and extrusion materials, including filled, unfilled and reinforced compounds and sheets; — rigid thermosetting moulding and extrusion materials, including filled and reinforced compounds, sheets and laminates; — fibre-reinforced thermoset and thermoplastic composites incorporating unidirectional or multi-directional reinforcements such as mats, woven fabrics, woven rovings, chopped strands, combination and hybrid reinforcements, rovings, milled fibres and sheets made from pre-impregnated materials (prepregs). The method is also applicable to specimens which are either moulded or machined from finished products, laminates and extruded or cast sheet. The test results are comparable only if the conditions of preparation of the specimens, their dimensions and surfaces as well as the test conditions are the same. In particular, results determined on specimens of different thickness cannot be compared with one another (see Annex E). Comprehensive evaluation of the reaction to impact stress can be obtained by determinations made as a function of impact velocity and temperature for different material variables, such as crystallinity and moisture content. The impact behaviour of finished products cannot be predicted directly from this test, but specimens may be taken from finished products (see above) for tests by this method. Test data developed by this method is not intended to be used for design calculations. However, information on the typical behaviour of the material can be obtained by testing at different temperatures and impact velocities (see Annex D) by varying the thickness (see Annex E) and by testing specimens prepared under different conditions. It is not the purpose of this document to give an interpretation of the mechanism occurring on every particular point of the force-deflection diagram. These interpretations are a task for scientific research.

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This document specifies a method for determining the Charpy impact strength of plastics under defined conditions. A number of different types of specimen and test configurations are defined. Different test parameters are specified according to the type of material, the type of test specimen and the type of notch. The method can be used to investigate the behaviour of specified types of specimen under the impact conditions defined and for estimating the brittleness or toughness of specimens within the limitations inherent in the test conditions. It can also be used for the determination of comparative data from similar types of material.

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This document specifies a method for determining the Izod impact strength of plastics under defined conditions. A number of different types of specimen and test configurations are defined. Different test parameters are specified according to the type of material, the type of test specimen and the type of notch. The method is used to investigate the behaviour of specified types of specimen under the impact conditions defined and for estimating the brittleness or toughness of specimens within the limitations inherent in the test conditions.

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This document provides life cycle assessment (LCA) requirements and guidance to assess impacts over the life cycle of biobased plastic products, materials and polymer resins, which are partly or wholly based on biobased constituents. The applications of LCA as such are outside the scope of this document. Clarifications, considerations, practices, simplifications and options for the different applications, are also beyond the scope of this document. In addition, this document can be applied in studies that do not cover the whole life cycle, with justification, for example in the case of business-to-business information, such as cradle-to-gate studies, gate-to-gate studies, and specific parts of the life cycle (e.g. waste management, components of a product). For these studies, most requirements of this document are applicable (e.g. data quality, collection and calculation as well as allocation and critical review), but not all the requirements for the system boundary.

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This document specifies procedures for validation of high-speed tensile test data. It specifies a method to determine the spectrum of the natural oscillation frequencies of the force transducer and grip configuration of the high-speed tensile test equipment. The lowest significant frequency is used for the validation. This validation procedure only applies to force measurement systems used in high-speed tensile testing machines showing a level of resonance influence that could be critical to the obtained result. Once the relevant frequencies of the system and the anticipated strain for the given material are known, this method allows to calculate the theoretical maximum allowed test speed too.

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This document specifies test methods and evaluation criteria by addressing potential ecotoxicological adverse effects on marine organisms. Adverse effects on marine species can be caused by soluble degradation products of plastic materials such as intermediates or remaining residues resulting from the biodegradation of plastic materials that are used in products for marine applications (e.g. nets for fish farming, dolly ropes, floats, buoys and other non-fishing applications) and which are used in different marine zones, e.g. eulittoral, sublittoral or pelagic zones. The ecotoxicity testing scheme covers marine organisms from four trophic levels, primary producer, primary and secondary consumers and decomposer: — toxicity to marine algae, — toxicity to marine invertebrates, — toxicity to marine fish, — toxicity to marine microorganisms. This document is not suitable for the assessment of adverse effects caused by solid materials of any size.

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This document specifies test methods of the strong-base group capacity, the weak-base group capacity and the weak-acid group capacity of acrylic anion exchange resins.

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This document specifies test methods by centrifugation of water content of styrene anion exchange resins in hydroxide form.

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This document specifies test methods for assessing the flame spread of plastic pipes including fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) pipes. This document is applicable to plastic pipes including FRP pipes for use in ships, air crafts and vehicles.

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This document specifies test methods of the total exchange capacity, the strong-base group capacity and the weak-base group capacity of the styrene anion exchange resins in hydroxide form.

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This document specifies a method for the determination of the thermal effusivity. This document is applicable to materials with thermal effusivity in the approximate range 40 W⋅s1/2⋅m−2⋅K−1 bn W⋅s1/2⋅m‑2⋅K‑1, and temperatures in the range of 50 K T

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This document specifies the general principles to be followed when test specimens of thermoplastic materials are prepared by laser-based powder bed fusion, which is also called laser sintering. The laser-sintering process is used to prepare specimens layer upon layer in which thermal energy selectively fuses regions of a powder bed. This document provides a basis for establishing reproducible sintering conditions. Its purpose is to promote uniformity in describing the main process parameters, build orientation of the sintering process and also to establish uniform practice in reporting sintering conditions.
The particular conditions required for reproducible preparation of test specimens which will give comparable results will vary for each material used. These conditions shall be agreed upon between the interested parties.

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ISO 11357-1:2016 specifies several differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods for the thermal analysis of polymers and polymer blends, such as
- thermoplastics (polymers, moulding compounds and other moulding materials, with or without fillers, fibres or reinforcements),
- thermosets (uncured or cured materials, with or without fillers, fibres or reinforcements), and
- elastomers (with or without fillers, fibres or reinforcements).
ISO 11357-1:2016 is intended for the observation and measurement of various properties of, and phenomena associated with, the above-mentioned materials, such as
- physical transitions (glass transition, phase transitions such as melting and crystallization, polymorphic transitions, etc.),
- chemical reactions (polymerization, crosslinking and curing of elastomers and thermosets, etc.),
- the stability to oxidation, and
- the heat capacity.
ISO 11357-1:2016 specifies a number of general aspects of differential scanning calorimetry, such as the principle and the apparatus, sampling, calibration and general aspects of the procedure and test report common to all following parts.
Details on performing specific methods are given in subsequent parts of ISO 11357 (see Foreword).

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This document specifies a method of determining the bulk factor of a moulding material based on the ratio of the apparent volumetric density of a given quantity of particles and the corresponding material density.

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This document specifies a method for the determination of the density of liquid resins using a pycnometer.

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The ISO 11357 series specifies several differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods for the thermal analysis of polymers and polymer blends, such as
—    thermoplastics (polymers, moulding compounds and other moulding materials, with or without fillers, fibres or reinforcements),
—    thermosets (uncured or cured materials, with or without fillers, fibres or reinforcements), and
—    elastomers (with or without fillers, fibres or reinforcements).
The ISO 11357 series is applicable for the observation and measurement of various properties of, and phenomena associated with, the above-mentioned materials, such as
—    physical transitions (glass transition, phase transitions such as melting and crystallization, polymorphic transitions, etc.),
—    chemical reactions (polymerization, crosslinking and curing of elastomers and thermosets, etc.),
—    the stability to oxidation, and
—    the heat capacity.
This document specifies a number of general aspects of differential scanning calorimetry, such as the principle and the apparatus, sampling, calibration and general aspects of the procedure and test report common to all parts.
Details on performing specific methods are given in subsequent parts of the ISO 11357 series (see Foreword).

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The ISO 11357 series specifies several differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods for the thermal analysis of polymers and polymer blends, such as — thermoplastics (polymers, moulding compounds and other moulding materials, with or without fillers, fibres or reinforcements), — thermosets (uncured or cured materials, with or without fillers, fibres or reinforcements), and — elastomers (with or without fillers, fibres or reinforcements). The ISO 11357 series is applicable for the observation and measurement of various properties of, and phenomena associated with, the above-mentioned materials, such as — physical transitions (glass transition, phase transitions such as melting and crystallization, polymorphic transitions, etc.), — chemical reactions (polymerization, crosslinking and curing of elastomers and thermosets, etc.), — the stability to oxidation, and — the heat capacity. This document specifies a number of general aspects of differential scanning calorimetry, such as the principle and the apparatus, sampling, calibration and general aspects of the procedure and test report common to all parts. Details on performing specific methods are given in subsequent parts of the ISO 11357 series (see Foreword).

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This document specifies the general conditions for the thermomechanical analysis of thermoplastics and thermosetting materials, filled or unfilled, in the form of sheet or moulded parts. Thermomechanical analysis consists of the determination of deformations of a test specimen under constant load as a function of temperature and/or time.

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This document specifies test methods for assessing important properties of mechanically recycled polypropylene [PP (REC)] and polyethylene [PE (REC)] in granular or pellet form for use in conventional plastics processing techniques. General guidance is provided for determining the characteristics of PP (REC) and PE (REC), which can be used at 100 % or in a proportion with standard (virgin) material grades available for processing on machines such as injection moulding, blow moulding, types of extrusion techniques, etc. This document intends to help plastics processors and end users who intend to use recyclates with agreement on product specifications, as applicable. Country specific health and food-safety and environment related regulations for use of plastics recyclates are not in the scope of this document. Mixture of recyclates of PP and PE is not in the scope of this document.

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This document specifies a method for the determination of residual monomers and other (saturated) organic components in aqueous polymer dispersions and latices as well as in related products. It makes use of capillary-column gas chromatography with direct injection of the liquid sample. Residual monomers and saturated volatiles that have been successfully determined by this method include acrylic and methacrylic esters, acrylonitrile, butadiene, styrene, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride as well as by-products such as acetaldehyde and ethylbenzene.

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This document specifies a method for the determination of the density of liquid resins using a pycnometer.

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This document summarizes the state of standardization in the field of biodegradable plastics and plastics products at CEN and ISO level. It explains the underlying scientific principles of biodegradation that provide the foundations for relevant test methods and enters into the merits of the individual tests to explain and clarify the reasons for the adoption of specific solutions and criteria.
In a second part, this document highlights areas where standardisation in this field is currently lacking and where future developments may be anticipated and useful.

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This document specifies a method for the determination of the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity, and hence the specific heat capacity per unit volume of plastics. The experimental arrangement can be designed to match different specimen sizes. Measurements can be made in gaseous and vacuum environments at a range of temperatures and pressures.
This method gives guidelines for testing homogeneous and isotropic materials, as well as anisotropic materials with a uniaxial structure. The homogeneity of the material extends throughout the specimen and no thermal barriers (except those next to the probe) are present within a range defined by the probing depth(s) (see 3.1).
The method is suitable for materials having values of thermal conductivity, λ, in the approximate range 0,010 W∙m−1∙K−1 < λ < 500 W∙m−1∙K−1, values of thermal diffusivity, α, in the range 5 × 10−8 m2∙s−1 < α < 10−4 m2∙s−1, and for temperatures, T, in the approximate range 50 K < T < 1 000 K.
NOTE 1   The specific heat capacity per unit volume, C, C = ρ ∙ cp, where ρ is the density and cp is the specific heat per unit mass and at constant pressure, can be obtained by dividing the thermal conductivity, λ, by the thermal diffusivity, α, i.e. C = λ/α, and is in the approximate range 0,005 MJ∙m−3∙K−1 < C < 5 MJ∙m−3∙K−1. It is also referred to as the volumetric heat capacity.
NOTE 2   If the intention is to determine the thermal resistance or the apparent thermal conductivity in the through-thickness direction of an inhomogeneous product (for instance a fabricated panel) or an inhomogeneous slab of a material, reference is made to ISO 8301, ISO 8302 and ISO 472.
The thermal-transport properties of liquids can also be determined, provided care is taken to minimize thermal convection.

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This document specifies terms and definitions in the field of plastics related to environmental aspects and provides a common vocabulary for:
- bio-based plastics;
- biodegradability;
- carbon and environmental footprint;
- circular economy;
- design;
- plastics in natural environments;
- reuse and recycling;
- waste management.
This document aims to provide a comprehensive glossary which uses the applicable definitions providing when appropriate additional notes to make these definitions understandable without reference to other documents. Definitions are as far as possible adopted from existing standards but when the original intention or definition is unclear additional context or definitions are provided.

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This document summarizes the state of standardization in the field of biodegradable plastics and plastics products at CEN and ISO level. It explains the underlying scientific principles of biodegradation that provide the foundations for relevant test methods and enters into the merits of the individual tests to explain and clarify the reasons for the adoption of specific solutions and criteria.
This document primarily focusses on standards adopted by CEN covering environmental biodegradation testing and relevant specifications. It also includes information on disintegration and eco-toxicity tests. A full list of the international standards considered in this document is provided in Annex A.
In a second part, this document highlights areas where standardization in this field is currently lacking and where future developments may be anticipated and useful.

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This document specifies a method for the determination of the density of liquid resins using a pycnometer.

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This document specifies a method for the determination of the density of liquid resins using a pycnometer.

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This document specifies a method of determining the bulk factor of a moulding material based on the ratio of the apparent volumetric density of a given quantity of particles and the corresponding material density.

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This document specifies an abrasion test method for accelerated testing of artificial turfs for use in sports facilities. Combined exposure to simulated solar UV radiation and mechanical wear in simultaneous or sequential modes is the method used. The details of radiation, temperature, and moisture exposure, as well as to mechanical abrasion using soccer shoe studs on rotating drum assembly, are given in this document. NOTE It was determined that simultaneous exposure was more effective than sequential exposure.

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This document specifies methods for measuring overall migration of plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs by contacting test specimens with evaporable food simulants at temperatures greater than or equal to 4 °C and not exceeding the reflux temperature. The overall migration from a sample of the plastics is determined as the loss in mass of non-volatile substances expressed: - per unit surface area; or - per kg of food simulant; or - per article after contact with a food simulant under defined conditions. According to the type of materials or shape of articles, contact with the food simulant is carried out on a single surface (pouch, cell, filling) or by immersion. This document does not cover the interpretation of the results which is expected to account for regulatory requirements.

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This document specifies methods for measuring overall migration of plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs by contacting test specimens with vegetable oils at temperatures greater than or equal to 4 °C and less than or equal to 175 °C. NOTE Some vegetable oils are not suitable for use below 20 °C. The overall migration from a sample of the plastics is determined as the loss in mass of non-volatile substances expressed: - per unit surface area; or - per kg of food simulant; or - per article after contact with a food simulant under defined conditions. According to the type of materials or shape of articles, contact with the food simulant is carried out on a single surface (pouch, cell, filling) or by immersion. This document does not cover the interpretation of the results which is expected to account for regulatory requirements.

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This document provides guidelines and specifies requirements for the development and use of intermediate-scale fire tests applicable to semi-finished and finished products made of, or containing, plastics. This document covers typical applications of such tests, as well as methods of preparation and mounting of test specimens. This document applies to planar, linear or profiled plastics products. These products can be tested in horizontal or vertical orientation. This document defines the parameters to be measured, the way that test results are expected to be reported and explains how they can be used for direct product assessment or as input data for scaling studies.

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This document specifies general conditions for the analysis of polymers using thermogravimetric techniques. It is applicable to liquids or solids. Solid materials can be in the form of pellets, granules or powders. Fabricated shapes reduced to appropriate specimen size can also be analysed by this method.
This document establishes methods for the investigation of physical effects and chemical reactions that are associated with changes of mass.
This document can be used to determine the temperature(s) and rate(s) of decomposition of polymers, and to measure at the same time the amounts of volatile matter, additives and/or fillers they contain.
This document is applicable to measurements in dynamic mode (mass change versus temperature or time under programmed temperature conditions) or isothermal mode (mass change versus time at constant temperature).
This document is applicable to measurements at different testing atmospheres, such as separation of decomposition in an inert atmosphere from oxidative degradation.

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1.1 This document specifies the principles and the method for determining the fracture toughness of polymeric films and thin sheets in the crack opening mode (mode I) under plane stress conditions. The essential work of fracture (EWF) method is based on the use of double edge notched tensile (DENT) specimens. 1.2 The method is suitable for use with films or thin sheets, of thickness not greater than 1 mm, made of ductile polymeric materials, in which fracture propagation is stable (crack growth is always driven by the external applied force). If, at any time during the test, brittle fracture occurs, with fast crack propagation driven by the elastic energy stored in the specimen, the sample is not suitable for the application of the present test method.

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This document specifies two methods for evaluating the melting behaviour of semi-crystalline polymers.
a) Method A: Capillary tube
This method is based on the changes in shape of the polymer. It is applicable to all semi-crystalline polymers and their compounds.
NOTE 1   Method A can also be useful for the evaluation of the softening of non-crystalline solids.
b) Method B: Polarizing microscope
This method is based on changes in the optical properties of the polymer. It is applicable to polymers containing a birefringent crystalline phase. It might not be suitable for plastics compounds containing pigments and/or other additives which can interfere with the birefringence of the polymeric crystalline zone.
NOTE 2   Another method applicable to semi-crystalline polymers is described in ISO 11357‑3.

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