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ASTM E1425-91(1999)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Determining the Acoustical Performance of Exterior Windows and Doors

Standard Practice for Determining the Acoustical Performance of Exterior Windows and Doors

SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes requirements for testing and rating acoustical performance of exterior windows and doors, regardless of their method or materials of manufacture.
1.1.1 Air leakage and operating force are integral elements of acoustical performance of exterior windows and doors; therefore this practice requires concurrent testing of air leakage and operating force in addition to acoustical tests.
1.2 This practice establishes the test methodology and specimen criteria and classification rating system for purposes of determining the acoustical performance levels of exterior windows and doors only, and not through openings between such assemblies and adjacent construction.
1.3 Excluded from the scope of this practice are roof windows, skylights, sloped glazing systems, or any interior window or door assembly.
1.4 The values stated in inch/pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses (SI units) are provided for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-May-1999
ICS
91.060.50 - Doors and windows
Technical Committee
E06 - Performance of Buildings
Drafting Committee
E06.51 - Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM E1425-07 - Standard Practice for Determining the Acoustical Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylight, and Glazed Wall Systems
Effective Date
01-Oct-2007
Referred By
ASTM E2813-18 - Standard Practice for Building Enclosure Commissioning
Effective Date
10-May-1999
Referred By
ASTM E90-09(2016) - Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Airborne Sound Transmission Loss of Building Partitions and Elements
Effective Date
10-May-1999
Referred By
ASTM C1401-23 - Standard Guide for Structural Sealant Glazing
Effective Date
10-May-1999

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ASTM E1425-91(1999) - Standard Practice for Determining the Acoustical Performance of Exterior Windows and DoorsASTM E1425-91(1999) - Standard Practice for Determining the Acoustical Performance of Exterior Windows and Doors
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ASTM E1425-91(1999) - Standard Practice for Determining the Acoustical Performance of Exterior Windows and Doors
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E1425–91 (Reapproved 1999)
Standard Practice for
Determining the Acoustical Performance of Exterior
Windows and Doors
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1425; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E 631 Terminology of Building Constructions
E 1017 Specification for Generic Performance Require-
1.1 This practice establishes requirements for testing and
ments for Exterior Residential Window Assembles
rating acoustical performance of exterior windows and doors,
E 1332 Classification for Determination of Outdoor-Indoor
regardless of their method or materials of manufacture.
Transmission Class
1.1.1 Air leakage and operating force are integral elements
2.2 Other Standards:
of acoustical performance of exterior windows and doors;
ANSI/BHMA A156.2 Bored and Preassembled Locks and
therefore this practice requires concurrent testing of air leakage
Latches
and operating force in addition to acoustical tests.
1.2 This practice establishes the test methodology and
3. Terminology
specimen criteria and classification rating system for purposes
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this prac-
of determining the acoustical performance levels of exterior
tice, refer to Terminologies C 634 and E 631, unless otherwise
windows and doors only, and not through openings between
indicated.
such assemblies and adjacent construction.
1.3 Excluded from the scope of this practice are roof
4. Significance and Use
windows, skylights, sloped glazing systems, or any interior
4.1 Air Leakage Relative to Sound Transmission—Certain
window or door assembly.
frequenciesaremoresusceptibletosoundtransmissionthrough
1.4 The values stated in inch/pound units are to be regarded
cavities or discontinuities in the test specimen; therefore, the
as standard. The values given in parentheses (SI units) are
air leakage of the test specimen is reported to allow the
provided for information only.
approving authority information relative to air tightness.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.2 Operating Force Relative to Sound Transmission—The
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
use of specific sealing components to achieve a given sound
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
rating could affect operating force of the vertical or horizontal
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
sliding sash or panels of the assembly; therefore, operating
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
force is reported to allow the approving authority information
2. Referenced Documents relative to sash or panel operating forces.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Test Specimen
C 634 Terminology Relating to Environmental Acoustics
5.1 Assemblies to be tested in accordance with this practice
E90 Test Method for Laboratory Measurement ofAirborne
shall be representative of those produced by the manufacturer
Sound Transmission Loss of Building Partitions
or fabricator. Test specimens shall be sealed, painted or
E 283 TestMethodforDeterminingtheRateofAirLeakage
otherwise finished or prepared only as they would normally be
Through Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors
preparedforactualinstallationanduse.Testspecimensshallbe
Under Specified Pressure Differences Across the Speci-
3 mounted for testing as specified by each applicable test
men
2 method.
E 413 Classification for Rating Sound Insulation
5.1.1 Test specimens shall not be modified with supplemen-
tary adhesives, sealants, tapes, or clamping devices not nor-
mally a part of the product.
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE-6onPerformance
of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51 on Component
Performance of Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors.
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 1991. Published October 1991.
2 4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.06. Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.11. 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E1425–91 (1999)
5.2 Test specimen sizes: 7. Classification
5.2.1 Window—Specimen submitted for testing shall be no
7.1 Products shall be classified based on their acoustical
2 2 2 2
less than 20 ft (1.86 m ) nor more than 24 ft (2.23 m ) with
performance capabilities as determined in acc
...

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ASTM E1996-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Performance of Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, Doors, and Impact Protective Systems Impacted by Windborne Debris in Hurricanes

ABSTRACT
This specification covers exterior windows, glazed curtain walls, doors and impact protective systems used in buildings located in geographic regions that are prone to hurricanes. The test specimens shall be Fenestration assemblies, and impact protective systems; which shall be tested using the large missile test, and small missile test. The air pressure cycling, missiles, and impact location are also detailed.
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1.1 This specification covers exterior windows, glazed curtain walls, doors, and impact protective systems used in buildings located in geographic regions that are prone to hurricanes.  
1.1.1 Exception—Exterior garage doors and rolling doors are governed by ANSI/DASMA 115 and are beyond the scope of this specification.  
1.2 This specification provides the information required to conduct Test Method E1886.  
1.3 Qualification under this specification provides a basis for judgment of the ability of applicable elements of the building envelope to remain unbreached during a hurricane; thereby minimizing the damaging effects of hurricanes on the building interior and reducing the magnitude of internal pressurization. While this standard was developed for hurricanes, it may be used for other types of similar windstorms capable of generating windborne debris.  
1.4 This specification provides a uniform set of guidelines based upon currently available information and research.2 As new information and research becomes available it will be considered.  
1.5 All values are stated in SI units and are to be regarded as standard. Values given in parentheses are for information only. Where certain values contained in reference documents cited and quoted herein are stated in inch-pound units, they must be converted by the user.  
1.6 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test method portion, Section 5, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E2264-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Determining the Effects of Temperature Cycling on Fenestration Products

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Fenestration products, when exposed to differential temperatures (constant higher or lower temperatures on the exterior and room temperature on the interior), or temperature cycling (relatively constant room temperature on the interior and repeated cycling of higher and lower temperatures on the exterior), will have stresses induced on components that may cause failure or changes in overall system performance. Some of these changes may be temporary, with their effects on system performance lasting only during the cyclical temperature exposure. Other changes may be more permanent because of the failure of critical components or irreversible changes in those critical components that control overall system performance.  
5.2 In this practice, a procedure is provided for evaluating the effects of exposure to temperature cycling at standardized conditions on fenestration products. It is useful for product evaluation and development. Interrelationships between window components can be studied under laboratory conditions simulating in-service temperature extremes.  
5.3 Laboratory approximation of in-service temperature cycling and temperature extremes is a useful tool for the fenestration designer. These conditions help in evaluating designs and components for absolute and relative interactions on overall performance when these products are installed and functioning in residential and commercial buildings.  
5.4 This practice is limited to temperature exposure and temperature cycling only. Temperature is only one of many environmental factors that affect field performance of fenestration products. Products made with different materials or construction methods may show specific sensitivity to different environmental factors, such as humidity, ultraviolet radiation, or airborne chemicals.  
5.5 Because of the complexity and cost of a single apparatus capable of measuring window performance, providing temperature cycling, and providing infrared radiation exposure, mo...
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1.1 This practice covers the testing of any fenestration products that are installed with the exterior surface exposed to weathering conditions. It is intended to measure the response of the fenestration product to temperature cycles with the temperature changes being induced by controlling the air temperature on the exterior (weather side) or by exposing the product to infrared radiation, or both. When tested using this practice, fenestration products are exposed to standard cycles of elevated and depressed ambient air and surface temperatures. Test methods are specified for evaluating changes in performance that may occur as a result of temperature cycling. With this practice, seasonal and diurnal temperature conditions are simulated in a controlled laboratory apparatus.  
1.2 In this practice, two test methods, Test Method A and Test Method B, are described for exposing the exterior surface of fenestration products to the elevated portion of a standardized temperature cycle. The purpose for providing two test methods of exposure is to address two distinct needs of the fenestration industry.  
1.2.1 Test Method A uses infrared radiation to increase the surface temperature of the fenestration product and uses a black panel temperature sensor placed in front of the specimen's exterior surface to sense the temperature. The surface temperature of the black panel temperature sensor is raised to a preset level above the exterior ambient air temperature. This provides a more realistic test for temperature exposure based on atmospheric solar radiation and its effect on the temperature increase of exterior building materials. This method should be used when the number of cycles can be large and the outcome is critical for field correlation. Test Method A is intended for comparative product evaluations.  
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ASTM F588-17(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Measuring the Forced Entry Resistance of Window Assemblies, Excluding Glazing Impact

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods are intended to establish a measure of resistance for window assemblies subjected to attacks (other than impacting glazing materials) by unskilled or opportunistic burglars. Resistance to higher levels of force generated by skilled burglary attack requires methods such as alarms, communication, or apprehension systems, or special security glazing materials more sophisticated than those evaluated by these test methods. Technicians performing the test should understand the intent of this test method and should be trained on the execution and pass/fail criteria.  
5.2 Entry through a window assembly can be accomplished by impacting the glazing materials. This method does not evaluate glazing materials for breakage. Other standards must be used to evaluate forced entry by impacting the glazing.  
5.3 Acceptance criteria for performance levels are a matter for authorities having specific jurisdiction to establish. Suggested guidelines are found in Annex A1.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the ability of window assemblies of various types to restrain, delay, or frustrate forced entry.  
1.2 For purposes of these test methods, window assemblies are defined as described in 1.2.1 – 1.2.5 and as shown in Fig. 1. Window assemblies with a combination of operable sash and fixed panes (lites) shall be classified and tested separately for each type.
FIG. 1 Typical Window Types (viewed from the exterior)  
1.2.1 Type A—A window assembly which incorporates one or more sash that open by sliding, either vertically or horizontally within the plane of the wall.  
1.2.2 Type B—A window assembly which incorporates one or more sash that are hinged at or near two corners of the sash and that open toward the exterior (outswinging) or toward the interior (inswinging).  
1.2.3 Type C—A window assembly which incorporates one or more sash that are pivoted so that part of the sash opens toward the interior and part of it opens toward the exterior.  
1.2.4 Type D—A window assembly which incorporates one or more fixed panes (lites) or stationary sash that are designed not to open.  
1.2.5 Type E—A window assembly which incorporates a series of overlapping horizontal louvers that are pivoted simultaneously by a common actuator so that the bottom edge of each louver swings outward and the top edge swings inward during operation.
Note 1: See Fig. 1 for graphic depiction of window assembly types.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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ASTM F842-17(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Measuring the Forced Entry Resistance of Sliding Door Assemblies, Excluding Glazing Impact

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods are intended to establish a measure of resistance for sliding door assemblies subjected to attacks (other than impacting glazing materials) by unskilled or opportunistic burglars. Resistance to higher levels of force generated by skilled burglary attack requires methods, such as alarms, communication, or apprehension systems, or special security glazing materials more sophisticated than those evaluated by these test methods. Technicians performing the test should understand the intent of this test method and should be trained on the execution and pass/fail criteria.  
5.2 Entry through a sliding door assembly can be accomplished by impacting or removing glazing materials. This method does not evaluate glazing materials for breakage or de-glazing. Other standards must be used to evaluate forced entry by impacting or removing glazing.  
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1.1 These test methods determine the ability of sliding door assemblies to restrain, delay, or frustrate forced entry.  
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1.2.2 Type B—A sliding door assembly which incorporates one or more sliding panels that lock to an intermediate jamb.  
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Standard Practice for Installation of Exterior Windows, Doors and Skylights

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice recognizes that the effective performance of installed fenestration products is dependent in part upon following proper installation procedures and appropriate workmanship.  
4.2 This practice recognizes that the coordination of trades and proper sequencing are essential for effective fenestration installation. The general contractor shall be responsible for the necessary coordination of trades and proper construction sequencing of the installed fenestration product.  
4.3 Improper installation of units contributes to excessive air, water and sound leakage, and condensation. It may promote the deterioration of wall constructions, insulation, fenestration products, and their respective finishes.  
4.4 This practice presumes a working knowledge of applicable federal, state, and local codes and regulations, specifically, but not limited to required means of egress, requirements for safety glazing materials, and structural requirements of applicable codes.  
4.5 This practice presumes a working knowledge of the tools, equipment, and methods necessary for the installation of specified fenestration products. It further assumes familiarity with flashing and sealing, glazing procedures, finishes where applicable, and an understanding of the fundamentals of construction that affect the installation of these units.  
4.6 This practice presumes that the products that have been furnished for the installation and their locations within the structure comply with all the applicable building codes and regulations.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the installation of fenestration products in new and existing construction. For the purpose of this practice, fenestration products shall be limited to windows, sliding patio-type doors, swinging patio type doors, and skylights, as used primarily in residential and light commercial buildings.  
1.2 This practice assumes that the installer possesses basic woodworking skills and an understanding of wall and roof construction, sheet metal work, and joint sealant practices.  
1.3 This practice attempts to instruct and familiarize the installer with the concepts of both Barrier Systems and Membrane/Drainage Systems, in order to ensure the continuity of the building envelope. This practice attempts to educate the installer, builder, architect, and other users in the identification and understanding of the water shedding system of the building envelope.  
1.4 This practice covers the installation process from pre-installation procedures through post-installation procedures, for single units or factory-mulled multiple units in a single opening. It does not cover the fabrication or assembly of multiple units, whether such fabrication takes place in a factory or at the intended installation site. The installer should check with the manufacturer of factory-assembled units for instructions for anchoring. When using field-mulled units, follow manufacturer's recommendations and make certain that they meet applicable codes. This practice does not cover the selection of appropriate fenestration products for a given application, nor the selection of other products or systems for use in the installation.  
1.5 This practice provides minimum requirements that will help to accomplish the installation of fenestration products in an effective manner. Actual conditions in buildings vary greatly and, in some cases, substantial additional precautions may be required. In the event that the manufacturer's installation instructions provided with the product conflict with requirements of this practice, the manufacturer's instructions shall prevail. This practice is not intended to limit or exclude other new procedures that may refine or further improve the effectiveness of fenestration installation.  
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ASTM E1105-15(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Field Determination of Water Penetration of Installed Exterior Windows, Skylights, Doors, and Curtain Walls, by Uniform or Cyclic Static Air Pressure Difference

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is a standard procedure for determining the resistance to water penetration under uniform or cyclic static air pressure differences of installed exterior windows, skylights, curtain walls, and doors. The air-pressure differences acting across a building envelope vary greatly. These factors should be considered fully prior to specifying the test pressure difference to be used.
Note 1: In applying the results of tests by this test method, note that the performance of a wall or its components, or both, may be a function of proper installation and adjustment. In service, the performance will also depend on the rigidity of supporting construction and on the resistance of components to deterioration by various causes, vibration, thermal expansion and contraction, and so forth. It is difficult to simulate the identical complex wetting conditions that can be encountered in service, with large wind-blown water drops, increasing water drop impact pressures with increasing wind velocity, and lateral or upward moving air and water. Some designs are more sensitive than others to this upward moving water.
Note 2: This test method does not identify unobservable liquid water which may penetrate into the test specimen.  
5.2 Laboratory tests are designed to give an indication of the performance of an assembly. Field performance may vary from laboratory performance since the supporting structure for the test specimen, methods of mounting, and sealing in the laboratory can only simulate the actual conditions that will exist in the building. Shipping, handling, installation, acts of subsequent trades, aging, and other environmental conditions all may have an adverse effect upon the performance of the installed product. This field test procedure provides a means for determining the performance of a product once installed in the building.  
5.3 The field test may be made at the time the window, skylight, curtain-wall, or door assemblies are initially installed ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance of installed exterior windows, curtain walls, skylights, and doors to water penetration when water is applied to the outdoor face and exposed edges simultaneously with a static air pressure at the outdoor face higher than the pressure at the indoor face.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to any curtain-wall area or to windows, skylights, or doors alone. It is intended primarily for determining the resistance to water penetration through such assemblies for compliance with specified performance criteria, but it may also be used to determine the resistance to penetration through the joints between the assemblies and the adjacent construction. Other procedures may be appropriate to identify sources of leakage.  
1.3 This test method addresses water penetration through a manufactured assembly. Water that penetrates the assembly, but does not result in a failure as defined herein, may have adverse effects on the performance of contained materials such as sealants and insulating or laminated glass. This test method does not address these issues.  
1.4 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of pressure measurement.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 7.1.  
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ASTM E2268-04(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior Windows, Skylights, and Doors by Rapid Pulsed Air Pressure Difference

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is a standard procedure for determining the resistance to water penetration during rapid cyclic pulses of dynamic air pressure differences. The air-pressure differences acting across a building envelope vary greatly. These factors should be fully considered prior to specifying the test pressure difference to be used.  
5.2 The median test pressure used in this test method is defined as the specified test pressure supplied by the user and related to the maximum positive building design pressure. This test method departs from the format of other ASTM water penetration resistance test methods based on a maximum test pressure related to a maximum positive building design pressure.  
5.3 As the specified or median test pressure is increased, the maximum test pressure in this procedure is also increased to 1.5 times the specification median test pressure. This higher maximum test pressure may not be representative of actual building service conditions. For this reason the maximum recommended median test pressure is 480 Pa (10 psf), which corresponds to a maximum test pressure of 720 Pa (15 psf).  
5.4 The pulsed pressure of this test method may act to pump water past dry seals and breather systems of units incorporating these features, thereby making the test method more severe than a static pressure test method. On the other hand, the low pressure portions of the pressure cycles of this test method may allow weep systems and drainage dams to dissipate water from units incorporating these features, thereby making the test method less severe than a static pressure test method.
Note 1: In applying the results of tests by this test method, note that the performance of a wall or its components, or both, may be a function of proper installation and adjustment. In service, the performance will also depend on the rigidity of supporting construction and on the resistance of components to deterioration by various causes, (vibration, thermal expansion and ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance of exterior windows, skylights, and doors to water penetration when water is applied to the outdoor face and exposed edges simultaneously with a rapid pulsed air pressure at the outdoor face higher than the pressure at the indoor face.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to windows, skylights, or doors alone. Those interested in testing curtain walls to rapid pulsed air pressure differences should use AAMA 501.1-94.  
1.3 This test method addresses water penetration through a manufactured assembly. Water that penetrates the assembly, but does not result in a failure as defined herein, may have adverse effects on the performance of contained materials such as sealants and insulating or laminated glass. This test method does not address these issues.  
1.4 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of pressure measurement.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E331-00(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior Windows, Skylights, Doors, and Curtain Walls by Uniform Static Air Pressure Difference

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is a standard procedure for determining the resistance to water penetration under uniform static air pressure differences. The air-pressure differences acting across a building envelope vary greatly. These factors should be fully considered prior to specifying the test pressure difference to be used.
Note 1: In applying the results of tests by this test method, note that the performance of a wall or its components, or both, may be a function of proper installation and adjustment. In service, the performance will also depend on the rigidity of supporting construction and on the resistance of components to deterioration by various causes, vibration, thermal expansion and contraction, etc. It is difficult to simulate the identical complex wetting conditions that can be encountered in service, with large wind-blown water drops, increasing water drop impact pressures with increasing wind velocity, and lateral or upward moving air and water. Some designs are more sensitive than others to this upward moving water.
Note 2: This test method does not identify unobservable liquid water which may penetrate into the test specimen.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance of exterior windows, curtain walls, skylights, and doors to water penetration when water is applied to the outdoor face and exposed edges simultaneously with a uniform static air pressure at the outdoor face higher than the pressure at the indoor face.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to any curtain-wall area or to windows, skylights, or doors alone.  
1.3 This test method addresses water penetration through a manufactured assembly. Water that penetrates the assembly, but does not result in a failure as defined herein, may have adverse effects on the performance of contained materials such as sealants and insulating or laminated glass. This test method does not address these issues.  
1.4 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of pressure measurement.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 7.1.  
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ASTM E1425-14(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Determining the Acoustical Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylight, and Glazed Wall Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Air Leakage Relative to Sound Transmission—Certain frequencies are more susceptible to sound transmission through cavities or discontinuities in the test specimen; therefore, the air leakage of the test specimen is reported to allow the approving authority information relative to air tightness.
Note 1: The AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 document provides air leakage acceptance criteria for these products based on their performance class. Acoustical products could require a lower air leakage rate than what is required in this standard in order to achieve the desired acoustical performance.  
4.2 Operating Force Relative to Sound Transmission—The use of specific sealing components to achieve a given sound rating could affect operating force of the vertical or horizontal sliding sash or panels of the assembly; therefore, operating force is reported to allow the approving authority information relative to sash or panel operating forces.
Note 2: The opening force in 28 CFR Part 36 ADA for interior hinged doors and sliding doors is limited to 5 lbf (22.2 N). The AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 document provides operating force acceptance criteria for products based on their performance class.  
4.3 Latching Force Relative to Sound Transmission—Latching force can affect the compression of seals and the amount of damping applied to the system that in turn affects the air leakage and the acoustical performance. The use of specific sealing components and latching/locking hardware can affect the force required to close and latch the door under test. The latching force is reported to allow the approving authority information relative to sash or panel latching conditions.
Note 3: The AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 document states that the maximum force to latch shall be measured and reported.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes requirements for testing and rating acoustical performance of window, door, skylight, and glazed wall systems, regardless of their method or materials of manufacture.  
1.1.1 Operating force, latching force, and air leakage are integral elements of the acoustical performance of window, door, skylight, and glazed wall systems. This practice requires (when applicable) the concurrent testing of operating force, latching force, and air leakage, in addition to the sound transmission loss test.  
1.2 This practice establishes the test methodology, specimen criteria, and classification rating system for purposes of determining the acoustical performance levels of window, door, skylight, and glazed wall systems only, and not through openings between such assemblies and adjacent construction.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E2068-00(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Operating Force of Sliding Windows and Doors

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method determines the operational forces of sliding windows and doors by simulating force applied by hand directly to movable sash or panels. Breakaway and in-motion operating forces are measures of the ease of operation of fenestration products. Product specifications, building codes, and building specifications establish operating force limits as measures of product performance or limits for handicapped accessibility, or both.  
5.2 Window and door performance standards for air infiltration and water penetration in some cases require operating force measurements to be made and reported as an indication of the operability of the test specimen.  
5.3 Operating forces can vary significantly from unit to unit due to factors such as installation parameters, wearing of sliding or rolling parts, lubrication, stiffening or softening of weather-strip, and environmental factors (for example, humidity, temperature, accumulation of dirt, and so forth). Therefore, when applied to new product designs, this test method requires that units be tested in a laboratory under controlled conditions including accurate mounting (plumb, square, and level) following the manufacturer's instructions. Use of this test method in the field does not necessarily indicate the operating forces that are inherent in the particular window design, but rather, provides a measurement of the forces required for operation of the particular unit at the particular time. The user is cautioned that installation defects such as bowed jambs, racked frames, or inadequate anchoring can result in binding or sticking of movable components and increased operating forces.  
5.4 This test method requires measurement of both breakaway and in-motion operating forces. Generally, breakaway force is higher than in-motion operating force due to the difference between static and dynamic friction coefficients or the presence of weather-stripping and sash pockets, or both. Traditional fenestration product stand...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the operating forces for opening and closing horizontal and vertical sliding windows and horizontal sliding door systems. It does not address the forces required for opening pivoting, projecting, or other fenestration systems. This test method does not address the use or performance of add-on devices or mechanical operators that might be installed to reduce operating forces of sliding windows or doors. It deals only with the forces necessary to open and close a sash or panel through the direct application of force to the operable sash or panel.  
1.2 This test method is suitable for laboratory product comparisons or for qualifying products, or both, as meeting window or door operating force specifications. This test method is also suitable for use in the field to determine the operating forces required to open and close installed sliding windows and doors.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 7.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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