ASTM D2036-09(2022)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Cyanides in Water
Standard Test Methods for Cyanides in Water
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Cyanide is highly toxic. Regulations have been established to require the monitoring of cyanide in industrial and domestic wastes and in surface waters (Appendix X1).
5.2 Test Method D is applicable for natural water and clean metal finishing or heat treatment effluents. It may be used for process control in wastewater treatment facilities providing its applicability has been validated by Test Method B or C.
5.3 The spot test outlined in Annex A1 can be used to detect cyanide and thiocyanate in water or wastewater, and to approximate its concentration.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of cyanides in water. The following test methods are included:
Sections
Test Method A
Total Cyanides after Distillation
12 – 18
Test Method B
Cyanides Amenable to Chlorination2
by Difference
19 – 25
Test Method C
Weak Acid Dissociable Cyanides
26 – 32
Test Method D
Cyanides Amenable to Chlorination without
Distillation (Short-Cut Method)
33 – 39
1.2 Cyanogen halides may be determined separately.
Note 1: Cyanogen chloride is the most common of the cyanogen halide complexes as it is a reaction product and is usually present when chlorinating cyanide-containing industrial waste water. For the presence or absence of CNCl, the spot test method given in Annex A1 can be used.
1.3 These test methods do not distinguish between cyanide ions and metallocyanide compounds and complexes. Furthermore, they do not detect the cyanates. Cyanates can be determined using ion chromatography without digestion.
Note 2: The cyanate complexes are decomposed when the sample is acidified in the distillation procedure.
1.4 The cyanide in cyanocomplexes of gold, platinum, cobalt and some other transition metals is not completely recovered by these test methods. Refer to Test Method D6994 for the determination of cyanometal complexes.
1.5 Cyanide from only a few organic cyanides are recovered, and those only to a minor extent.
1.6 Part or all of these test methods have been used successfully with reagent water and various waste waters. It is the user's responsibility to assure the validity of the test method for the water matrix being tested.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in 5.1, 8.8, 8.18, Section 9, 11.3, and 16.1.9.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2036 − 09 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Test Methods for
1
Cyanides in Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2036; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope the user’s responsibility to assure the validity of the test
method for the water matrix being tested.
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of cyanides
in water. The following test methods are included: 1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Sections
Test Method A 12–18
standard.
Total Cyanides after Distillation
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Test Method B 19–25
2
Cyanides Amenable to Chlorination
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
by Difference
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Test Method C 26–32
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Weak Acid Dissociable Cyanides
Test Method D 33–39
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Cyanides Amenable to Chlorination without
Specific hazard statements are given in 5.1, 8.8, 8.18, Section
Distillation (Short-Cut Method)
9, 11.3, and 16.1.9.
1.2 Cyanogen halides may be determined separately.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-
NOTE 1—Cyanogen chloride is the most common of the cyanogen dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
halide complexes as it is a reaction product and is usually present when
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
chlorinating cyanide-containing industrial waste water. For the presence
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
or absence of CNCl, the spot test method given in AnnexA1 can be used.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.3 These test methods do not distinguish between cyanide
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ions and metallocyanide compounds and complexes.
Furthermore, they do not detect the cyanates. Cyanates can be
2. Referenced Documents
determined using ion chromatography without digestion.
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
NOTE 2—The cyanate complexes are decomposed when the sample is D1129Terminology Relating to Water
acidified in the distillation procedure.
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
D2777Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
1.4 The cyanide in cyanocomplexes of gold, platinum,
cobalt and some other transition metals is not completely Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
D5788Guide for Spiking Organics into Aqueous Samples
recovered by these test methods. Refer to Test Method D6994
for the determination of cyanometal complexes. D5847Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications
for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
1.5 Cyanide from only a few organic cyanides are
D6696Guide for Understanding Cyanide Species
recovered, and those only to a minor extent.
D6888Test Method for Available Cyanides with Ligand
1.6 Part or all of these test methods have been used
DisplacementandFlowInjectionAnalysis(FIA)Utilizing
successfully with reagent water and various waste waters. It is
Gas Diffusion Separation and Amperometric Detection
D6994Test Method for Determination of Metal Cyanide
Complexes in Wastewater, Surface Water, Groundwater
1
and Drinking Water Using Anion Exchange Chromatog-
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on
Water and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.06 on Methods for
raphy with UV Detection
Analysis for Organic Substances in Water.
D7284Test Method for Total Cyanide in Water by Micro
Current edition approved May 1, 2022. Published May 2022. Originally
approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D2036–09(2015).
DOI: 10.1520/D2036-09R22.
2 3
For an explanation of the term cyanides amenable to alkaline chlorination, see For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Lancy, L. E. and Zabban, W., “Analytical Methods and Instrumentation for contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Determining Cyanogen Compounds,” Papers on Industrial Water and Industrial Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Waste Water, ASTM STP 337, 1962, pp. 32–45. the ASTM website.
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