13.060.50 - Examination of water for chemical substances
ICS 13.060.50 Details
Examination of water for chemical substances
Untersuchung von Wasser auf chemische Substanzen
Détermination des substances chimiques de l'eau
Preiskava vode na kemične snovi
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This document specifies a method for the determination of the dissolved fraction of selected perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in non-filtrated drinking water using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The applicability of the method to other types of water like fresh waters (e.g. ground water, surface water) or treated wastewater can be validated separately for each individual case.
For each target compound both, eventually occurring branched isomers and the respective non-branched isomer, are quantified together. The selected set of substances determined by this method is representative for a wide variety of PFAS. This method has been validated for the analytes specified in Table 1. The list given in this table can be modified depending on the purpose and focus of the method. The lower application range of this method can vary depending on the sensitivity of the equipment used and the matrix of the samples. For many substances to which this document applies a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 1 ng/l can be achieved. Using high volume direct injection as described in part A or SPE as described in part B of the method allows lower LOQs. Analytical limitations can occur with short-chain PFAS or PFAS with more than ten carbon atoms in the carbon chain. Actual LOQs can depend on the blank values realized by individual laboratories as well.
NOTE This document enables the analysis of those 20 PFAS which are listed in point 3 of Part B of Annex III of the EU Drinking Water Directive, EU 2020/2184 [4], for the surveillance of the parametric limit value of 0,10 µg/l for the sum of PFAS.
Furthermore, alternatives and substitutes for these PFAS substances can be analysed using this document as well.
Table 1 - Analytes for which a determination was validated in accordance with this method
- Draft33 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the principles of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and provides general requirements for the use of this technique to determine elements in water, digests of sludges and sediments (e.g. digests of water as described in ISO 15587-1 or ISO 15587-2). Generally, the measurement is carried out in water, but gases, vapours or fine particulate matter can be introduced too. This document applies to the use of ICP-MS for aqueous solution analysis.
The ultimate determination of the elements is described in a separate International Standard for each series of elements and matrix. The individual clauses of this document refer the user to these guidelines for the basic principles of the method and the configuration of the instrument.
- Standard41 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the principles of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and provides general requirements for the use of this technique to determine elements in water, digests of sludges and sediments (e.g. digests of water as described in ISO 15587-1 or ISO 15587-2). Generally, the measurement is carried out in water, but gases, vapours or fine particulate matter can be introduced too. This document applies to the use of ICP-MS for aqueous solution analysis.
The ultimate determination of the elements is described in a separate International Standard for each series of elements and matrix. The individual clauses of this document refer the user to these guidelines for the basic principles of the method and the configuration of the instrument.
- Standard41 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the principles of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and provides general requirements for the use of this technique to determine elements in water, digests of sludges and sediments (e.g. digests of water as described in ISO 15587-1 or ISO 15587-2). Generally, the measurement is carried out in water, but gases, vapours or fine particulate matter can be introduced too. This document applies to the use of ICP-MS for aqueous solution analysis. The ultimate determination of the elements is described in a separate International Standard for each series of elements and matrix. The individual clauses of this document refer the user to these guidelines for the basic principles of the method and the configuration of the instrument.
- Standard32 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard34 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for the determination of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] and trivalent chromium [Cr(III)] in water by liquid chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LC-ICP-MS) after chelating pretreatment. This method is applicable to the determination of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) dissolved in wastewater, surface water, groundwater, or drinking water from 0,20 μg/l to 500 μg/l of each compound as chromium (Cr) mass. Samples containing Cr at concentrations higher than the working range can be analysed following appropriate dilution of the sample.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for the determination of the elements aluminium, antimony, arsenic,
barium, beryllium, bismuth, boron, cadmium, caesium, calcium, cerium, chromium, cobalt, copper,
dysprosium, erbium, gadolinium, gallium, germanium, gold, hafnium, holmium, indium, iridium, iron,
lanthanum, lead, lithium, lutetium, magnesium, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, neodymium, nickel,
palladium, phosphorus, platinum, potassium, praseodymium, rubidium, rhenium, rhodium, ruthenium,
samarium, scandium, selenium, silver, sodium, strontium, terbium, tellurium, thorium, thallium,
thulium, tin, titanium, tungsten, uranium and its isotopes, vanadium, yttrium, ytterbium, zinc and
zirconium in water (e.g. drinking water, surface water, ground water, waste water and eluates).
Taking into account the specific and additionally occurring interferences, these elements can be
determined in water and digests of water and sludge (e.g. digests of water as described in ISO 15587-1
or ISO 15587-2).
The working range depends on the matrix and the interferences encountered. In drinking water and
relatively unpolluted waters, the limit of quantification (LOQ) lies between 0,002 μg/l and 1,0 μg/l for
most elements (see Table 1). The working range typically covers concentrations between several ng/l
and mg/l depending on the element and specified requirements.
The quantification limits of most elements are affected by blank contamination and depend
predominantly on the laboratory air-handling facilities available on the purity of reagents and the
cleanliness of glassware.
The lower limit of quantification is higher in cases where the determination suffers from interferences
(see Clause 5) or memory effects (see ISO 17294-1).
Elements other than those mentioned in the scope can also be determined according to this document
provided that the user of the document is able to validate the method appropriately (e.g. interferences,
sensitivity, repeatability, recovery).
- Standard42 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the determination of the elements aluminium, antimony, arsenic,
barium, beryllium, bismuth, boron, cadmium, caesium, calcium, cerium, chromium, cobalt, copper,
dysprosium, erbium, gadolinium, gallium, germanium, gold, hafnium, holmium, indium, iridium, iron,
lanthanum, lead, lithium, lutetium, magnesium, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, neodymium, nickel,
palladium, phosphorus, platinum, potassium, praseodymium, rubidium, rhenium, rhodium, ruthenium,
samarium, scandium, selenium, silver, sodium, strontium, terbium, tellurium, thorium, thallium,
thulium, tin, titanium, tungsten, uranium and its isotopes, vanadium, yttrium, ytterbium, zinc and
zirconium in water (e.g. drinking water, surface water, ground water, waste water and eluates).
Taking into account the specific and additionally occurring interferences, these elements can be
determined in water and digests of water and sludge (e.g. digests of water as described in ISO 15587-1
or ISO 15587-2).
The working range depends on the matrix and the interferences encountered. In drinking water and
relatively unpolluted waters, the limit of quantification (LOQ) lies between 0,002 μg/l and 1,0 μg/l for
most elements (see Table 1). The working range typically covers concentrations between several ng/l
and mg/l depending on the element and specified requirements.
The quantification limits of most elements are affected by blank contamination and depend
predominantly on the laboratory air-handling facilities available on the purity of reagents and the
cleanliness of glassware.
The lower limit of quantification is higher in cases where the determination suffers from interferences
(see Clause 5) or memory effects (see ISO 17294-1).
Elements other than those mentioned in the scope can also be determined according to this document
provided that the user of the document is able to validate the method appropriately (e.g. interferences,
sensitivity, repeatability, recovery).
- Standard42 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the determination of the elements aluminium, antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, bismuth, boron, cadmium, caesium, calcium, cerium, chromium, cobalt, copper, dysprosium, erbium, gadolinium, gallium, germanium, gold, hafnium, holmium, indium, iridium, iron, lanthanum, lead, lithium, lutetium, magnesium, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, neodymium, nickel, palladium, phosphorus, platinum, potassium, praseodymium, rubidium, rhenium, rhodium, ruthenium, samarium, scandium, selenium, silver, sodium, strontium, terbium, tellurium, thorium, thallium, thulium, tin, titanium, tungsten, uranium and its isotopes, vanadium, yttrium, ytterbium, zinc and zirconium in water (e.g. drinking water, surface water, ground water, waste water and eluates). Taking into account the specific and additionally occurring interferences, these elements can be determined in water and digests of water and sludge (e.g. digests of water as described in ISO 15587-1 or ISO 15587-2). The working range depends on the matrix and the interferences encountered. In drinking water and relatively unpolluted waters, the limit of quantification (LOQ) lies between 0,002 µg/l and 1,0 µg/l for most elements (see Table 1). The working range typically covers concentrations between several ng/l and mg/l depending on the element and specified requirements. The quantification limits of most elements are affected by blank contamination and depend predominantly on the laboratory air-handling facilities available on the purity of reagents and the cleanliness of glassware. The lower limit of quantification is higher in cases where the determination suffers from interferences (see Clause 5) or memory effects (see ISO 17294-1). Elements other than those mentioned in the scope can also be determined according to this document provided that the user of the document is able to validate the method appropriately (e.g. interferences, sensitivity, repeatability, recovery).
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard35 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies methods and principles for detection of selected congeners of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in water and wastewater using a flow immunosensor. The flow immunosensor utilizes antibodies specific to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) and 3,3’,4,4’,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (3,3’,4,4’,5-PeCB), which have the highest toxic equivalent factor (TEF) value among the congeners of each of PCDDs and PCBs. The method is applicable to timely monitoring of selected congeners of 2,3,7,8-TCDD and 3,3’,4,4’,5-PeCB in water and wastewater to prioritize those for subsequent confirmatory determination. This document specifies practical methods and procedures for sampling, extraction, clean-up, measurement in a flow immunosensor, data processing and validation of measurement results. The combined use of automated instruments for extraction, clean-up, and flow immunosensing can reduce time-consumption and labour-intensity, while providing reproducible precise data. This method can provide the lower limit of quantification (LOQ) for 2,3,7,8-TCDD and 3,3’,4,4’,5-PeCB of 28 pg/l and 152 pg/l, respectively at 20 % or less of coefficient variation (CV) depending on sampling, extraction, clean-up and measurement conditions.
- Standard37 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for the determination of certain cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMS) in environmental water samples with low density polyethylene (LDPE) as a preservative and subsequent liquid-liquid extraction with hexane containing 13C-labeled cVMS as internal standards. The extract is then analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
NOTE Using the 13C-labeled, chemically identical substances as internal standards with the same properties as the corresponding analytes, minimizes possible substance-specific discrimination in calibrations. Since these substances are least soluble in water, they are introduced via the extraction solvent hexane into the system.
- Standard24 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO 20595:2018 specifies a method for the determination of selected volatile organic compounds in water (see Table 1). This comprises among others volatile halogenated hydrocarbons as well as gasoline components (BTXE, TAME, MTBE and ETBE).
The method is applicable to the determination of volatile organic compounds (see Table 1) in drinking water, groundwater, surface water and treated waste water in mass concentrations >0,1 µg/l. The lower application range depends on the individual compound, the amount of the blank value and the matrix.
- Standard32 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the determination of nitrate as NO3-N in water of various origin such as natural water (including groundwater, surface water and bathing water), drinking water and wastewater, in a measuring range of concentration between 0,10 mg/l and 225 mg/l of N03-N using the small-scale sealed tube method. Different measuring ranges of small-scale sealed tube methods can be required. The measuring ranges can vary depending on the type of the small-scale sealed tube method of different manufacturers. It is up to the user to choose the small-scale sealed tube test with the appropriate application range or to adapt samples with concentrations exceeding the measuring range of a test by preliminary dilution. NOTE 1 The results of a sealed-tube test are most precise in the middle of the application range of the test. Manufacturers' small-scale sealed tube methods are based on dimethylphenol colour reaction depending on the typical operating procedure of the small-scale sealed tube used, see Clause 9. NOTE 2 Laws, regulations or standards can require that the data is expressed as NO3- after conversion with the stoichiometric conversion factor 4,426 81 in Clause 11. NOTE 3 In the habitual language, use of sewage treatment and on the displays of automated sealed-tube test devices, NO3 without indication of the negative charge has become the common notation for the parameter nitrate and especially for the parameter nitrate-N. This notation is adopted in this document even though not being quite correct chemical nomenclature.
- Standard8 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for the determination of total bound nitrogen (ST-TNb) in water of various origins: groundwater, surface water and wastewater, in a measuring range of concentration generally between 0,5 mg/l and 150 mg/l of ST-TNb using the small-scale sealed tube method. Different measuring ranges of small-scale sealed tube methods can be required. The measuring ranges can vary depending on the type of small-scale sealed tube method of different manufacturers. It is up to the user to choose the small-scale sealed tube test with the appropriate application range or to adapt samples with concentrations exceeding the measuring range of a test by preliminary dilution. NOTE The results of a small-scale sealed tube test are most precise in the middle of the application range of the test. All small-scale sealed tube methods are based on a heated alkaline potassium persulfate oxidation in a heating block at 100 °C and different digestion times are applicable. Chromotropic colour reaction is applied, depending on the typical operating procedure of the small-scale sealed tube used, see Clause 9.
- Standard8 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for the determination of ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) in drinking water, groundwater, surface water, wastewater, bathing water and mineral water using the small-scale sealed tube method. The result can be expressed as NH4 or NH4-N or NH3 or NH3-N. NOTE 1 In the habitual language use of sewage treatment and on the displays of automated sealed-tube test photometers or spectrophotometers, NH4 without indication of the positive charge has become the common notation for the parameter ammonium. This notation is adopted in this document even though not being quite correct chemical nomenclature. This method is applicable to (NH4-N) concentration ranges from 0,01 mg/l to 1 800 mg/l of NH4-N. The measuring ranges of concentration can vary depending on the type of small-scale sealed tube method of different manufacturers. Concentrations even slightly higher than the upper limit indicated in the manufacturers manual relating to the small-scale sealed tube method used, cannot be reported as accurate results. It is up to the user to choose the small-scale sealed tube test with the appropriate application range or to adapt samples with concentrations exceeding the measuring range of a test by preliminary dilution. NOTE 2 The results of a small-scale sealed tube are most precise in the middle of the application range of the test. All manufacturers' methods are based on the Berthelot reaction and its modifications to develop indophenol blue colour. Reagents mixtures can differ slightly based on manufacturers small-scale sealed tube method, see Clause 9. This method is applicable to non-preserved samples by using small-scale sealed tubes for the determination of drinking water, groundwater, surface water, wastewater and to preserved samples. The method is applicable to samples with suspended materials if these materials are removable by filtration.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for the determination of total bound nitrogen (ST-TNb) in water of various origins: groundwater, surface water, and wastewater, in a measuring range of concentration generally between 0,5 mg/l and 220 mg/l of ST-TNb using the small-scale sealed tube method. Different measuring ranges of small-scale sealed tube methods can be required. The measuring ranges can vary depending on the type of small-scale sealed tube method of different manufacturers. It is up to the user to choose the small-scale sealed tube with the appropriate application range or to adapt samples with concentrations exceeding the measuring range of a test by preliminary dilution. NOTE The results of a small-scale sealed tube are most precise in the middle of the application range of the test. All small-scale sealed tube methods are based on a heated alkaline potassium persulfate oxidation in a heating block. Different digestion temperatures, 100 °C or 120 °C or 170 °C, and different digestion times are applicable. Dimethylphenol colour reactions are applied, depending on the typical operating procedure of the small-scale sealed tube used, see Clause 9.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for the determination of nitrate as NO3-N in water of various origin such as natural water (including groundwater, surface water and bathing water), drinking water and wastewater, in a measuring range of concentration between 0,20 mg/l and 30 mg/l of NO3-N using the small-scale sealed tube method. Different measuring ranges of small-scale sealed tube methods can be required. The measuring ranges can vary depending on the type of the small-scale sealed tube method of different manufacturers. It is up to the user to choose the small-scale sealed tube test with the appropriate application range or to adapt samples with concentrations exceeding the measuring range of a test by preliminary dilution. NOTE 1 The results of a small-scale sealed tube test are most precise in the middle of the application range of the test. Manufacturers' small-scale sealed tube methods are based on chromotropic colour reaction, depending on the typical operating procedure of the small-scale sealed tube used, see Clause 9. NOTE 2 Laws, regulations or standards can require that the data is expressed as NO3 after conversion with the stoichiometric conversion factor 4,426 81 in Clause 11. NOTE 3 In the habitual language, use of sewage treatment and on the displays of automated sealed-tube test devices, NO3 without indication of the negative charge has become the common notation for the parameter nitrate and especially for the parameter nitrate-N. This notation is adopted in this document even though not being quite correct chemical nomenclature.
- Standard8 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for the determination of the dissolved anions chlorate, chloride and chlorite in water with low contamination (e.g. drinking water, raw water or swimming pool water).
The diversity of the appropriate and suitable assemblies and the procedural steps depending on them permit a general description only.
For further information on the analytical technique, see Bibliography.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the determination of certain cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMS) in environmental water samples with low density polyethylene (LDPE) as a preservative and subsequent liquid-liquid extraction with hexane containing 13C-labeled cVMS as internal standards. The extract is then analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
NOTE Using the 13C-labeled, chemically identical substances as internal standards with the same properties as the corresponding analytes, minimizes possible substance-specific discrimination in calibrations. Since these substances are least soluble in water, they are introduced via the extraction solvent hexane into the system.
- Standard24 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO 20595:2018 specifies a method for the determination of selected volatile organic compounds in water (see Table 1). This comprises among others volatile halogenated hydrocarbons as well as gasoline components (BTXE, TAME, MTBE and ETBE).
The method is applicable to the determination of volatile organic compounds (see Table 1) in drinking water, groundwater, surface water and treated waste water in mass concentrations >0,1 µg/l. The lower application range depends on the individual compound, the amount of the blank value and the matrix.
- Standard32 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the determination of the dissolved anions chlorate, chloride and
chlorite in water with low contamination (e.g. drinking water, raw water or swimming pool water).
The diversity of the appropriate and suitable assemblies and the procedural steps depending on them
permit a general description only.
For further information on the analytical technique, see Bibliography.
An appropriate pre-treatment of the sample (e.g. dilution) and the use of a conductivity detector (CD),
UV detector (UV) or amperometric detector (AD) make the working ranges given in Table 1 feasible.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the determination of total organic carbon (TOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total bound nitrogen (TNb) and dissolved bound nitrogen (DNb) in the form of free ammonia, ammonium, nitrite, nitrate and organic compounds capable of conversion to nitrogen oxides under the conditions described. The procedure is carried out instrumentally.
NOTE Generally the method can be applied for the determination of total carbon (TC) and total inorganic carbon (TIC), see Annex A.
The method is applicable to water samples (e.g. drinking water, raw water, ground water, surface water, sea water, waste water, leachates).
The method allows a determination of TOC and DOC ≥ 1 mg/l and TNb and DNb ≥ 1 mg/l. The upper working range is restricted by instrument-dependent conditions (e.g. injection volume). Higher concentrations can be determined after appropriate dilution of the sample.
For samples containing volatile organic compounds (e.g. industrial waste water), the difference method is used, see Annex A.
Cyanide, cyanate and particles of elemental carbon (soot), when present in the sample, can be determined together with the organic carbon.
The method is not appropriate for the determination of volatile, or purgeable, organic carbon under the conditions described by this method.
Dissolved nitrogen gas (N2) is not determined.
- Standard26 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the determination of the dissolved anions chlorate, chloride and chlorite in water with low contamination (e.g. drinking water, raw water or swimming pool water). The diversity of the appropriate and suitable assemblies and the procedural steps depending on them permit a general description only. For further information on the analytical technique, see Bibliography.
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard16 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for the determination of the dissolved fraction of selected active pharmaceutical ingredients and transformation products, as well as other organic substances (see Table 1) in drinking water, ground water, surface water and treated waste water.
The lower application range of this method can vary depending on the sensitivity of the equipment used and the matrix of the sample. For most compounds to which this document applies, the range is ≥ 0,025 µg/l for drinking water, ground water and surface water, and ≥ 0,050 µg/l for treated waste water.
The method can be used to determine further organic substances or in other types of water (e.g. process water) provided that accuracy has been tested and verified for each case, and that storage conditions of both samples and reference solutions have been validated. Table 1 shows the substances for which a determination was tested in accordance with the method. Table E.1 provides examples of the determination of other organic substances.
- Standard42 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of total organic carbon (TOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and for the determination of dissolved and particular bound nitrogen (TNb) in the form of free ammonia, ammonium, nitrite, nitrate and organic compounds capable of conversion to nitrogen oxides under the oxidative conditions described. The procedure is carried out instrumentally.
NOTE 1 Generally the method can be applied for the determination of total carbon (TC) and total inorganic carbon (TIC) (see Annex A in the Outline).
The method is applicable for water (e.g. drinking water, raw water, ground water, surface water, sea water or waste water) containing suspended material of ≤ 100 μm of particle size (convention). Reduce particles of > 100 μm of size to pieces of particle size of ≤ 100 μm before injection. The method allows a determination of TOC/DOC ≥ 1 mg/l C and TNb ≥ 1 mg/l N.
NOTE 2 The determination of carbon concentrations > 0,3 mg/l to 1 mg/l is only applicable in special cases, for example drinking water, measured by highly sensitive instruments. Cyanide, cyanate and particles of elemental carbon (soot), when present in the sample, can be determined together with the organic carbon. Volatile or purgeable organic carbon (VOC, POC) is not determined by this method. Dissolved nitrogen gas is not determined by this method. Generally, the working range is restricted by instrument dependant conditions (e.g. injection volume). Higher concentrations may be determined after appropriate dilution.
- Standard26 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the determination of the dissolved fraction of selected active pharmaceutical ingredients and transformation products, as well as other organic substances (see Table 1 of the document) in drinking water, ground water, surface water and treated waste water.
The lower application range of this method can vary depending on the sensitivity of the equipment used and the matrix of the sample. For most compounds to which this document applies, the range is ≥ 0,025 μg/l for drinking water, ground water and surface water, and ≥ 0,050 μg/l for treated waste water.
The method can be used to determine further organic substances or in other types of water (e.g. process water) provided that accuracy has been tested and verified for each case, and that storage conditions of both samples and reference solutions have been validated.
- Standard42 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the quantification of twelve microcystin variants (microcystin-LR, -LA, -YR, -RR, -LY, -WR, -HtyR, -HilR, -LW, -LF, [Dha7]-microcystin-LR, and [Dha7]-microcystin-RR) in drinking water and freshwater samples between 0,05 µg/l to 1,6 µg/l. The method can be used to determine further microcystins, provided that analytical conditions for chromatography and mass spectrometric detection has been tested and validated for each microcystin. Samples are analysed by LC-MS/MS using internal standard calibration. This method is performance based. The laboratory is permitted to modify the method, e.g. increasing direct flow injection volume for low interference samples or diluting the samples to increase the upper working range limit, provided that all performance criteria in this method are met. Detection of microcystins by high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) as an alternative for tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is described in Annex A. An alternative automated sample preparation method based on on-line solid phase extraction coupled to liquid chromatography is described in Annex B. When instrumental sensitivity is not sufficient to reach the method detection limits by direct flow injection, a solid phase extraction clean-up and concentration step is described in Annex C.
- Standard32 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard32 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This Technical Specification describes an approach for the validation of physico-chemical analytical methods for environmental matrices.
The guidance in this document addresses two different validation approaches, in increasing order of complexity. These are:
a) method development and validation at the level of single laboratories (intra-laboratory validation);
b) method validation at the level of several laboratories (between-laboratory or inter-laboratory validation), with a focus on methods that are sufficiently mature and robust to be applied not only by a few expert laboratories but by laboratories operating at the routine level.
The concept of these two approaches is strictly hierarchical, i.e. a method shall fulfil all criteria of the first level before it can enter the validation protocol of the second level.
This Technical Specification is applicable to the validation of a broad range of quantitative physico-chemical analytical methods for the analysis of water (including surface water, groundwater, waste water, and sediment). Analytical methods for other environmental matrices, like soil, sludge, waste, and biota can be validated in the same way. It is intended either for analytical methods aiming at substances that have recently become of interest or for test methods applying recently developed technologies.
The minimal requirements that are indispensable for the characterization of the fitness for purpose of an analytical method are: selectivity, precision, bias and measurement uncertainty. The aim of validation is to prove that these requirements are met.
- Technical specification53 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the determination of certain cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMS) in environmental water samples with low density polyethylene (LDPE) as a preservative and subsequent liquid-liquid extraction with hexane containing 13C-labeled cVMS as internal standards. The extract is then analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). NOTE Using the 13C-labeled, chemically identical substances as internal standards with the same properties as the corresponding analytes, minimizes possible substance-specific discrimination in calibrations. Since these substances are least soluble in water, they are introduced via the extraction solvent hexane into the system.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard17 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document describes an approach for the validation of physico-chemical analytical methods for environmental solid matrices and water.
The guidance in this document addresses the initial description of the method and two different validation approaches, in increasing order of complexity. These are:
a) method development, if the method is developed by the laboratory, or conditions of adoption, if the method is a standardized protocol adopted by the laboratory;
b) validation at the level of single laboratories (within-laboratory validation);
c) method validation at the level of several laboratories (between-laboratory or inter-laboratory validation), with a focus on methods that are sufficiently mature and robust to be applied not only by a few expert laboratories but by laboratories operating at the routine level.
The concept is strictly hierarchical, i.e. a method shall fulfil all criteria of within-laboratory validation before it can enter the validation protocol of the between-laboratory.
This document is applicable to the validation of a broad range of quantitative physico-chemical test methods for the analysis of water (including drinking water, surface water, groundwater, waste water, marine water), and of solid environmental matrices, such as soil, sludge, liquid and solid waste, sediment and biota. It is intended for standardized protocols adopted by a laboratory, and either for test methods aiming at substances that have recently become of interest or for test methods applying recently developed technologies.
The minimal requirements that are indispensable for the characterization of the fitness for the intended purpose of an analytical method are: selectivity, precision, trueness, performances characteristics and measurement uncertainty. The aim of validation is to prove that these requirements are met.
In this document after the definitions (Clause 3) and description of the principles (Clause 4) a toolbox is given describing the relevant performance characteristics in the validation process.
Clause 7 and 8 focus on the within laboratory validation process (V1) and Clause 9 on the interlaboratory validation process (V2). Clause 7 and 8 describe largely the same processes, but differ in approach for establishing the LOQ.
Reporting of the results of the validation studies is addressed in Clause 10.
- Technical specification53 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the determination of alkylmercury compounds in filtered water samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after phenylation and solvent extraction. This method is applicable to determination of individual methylmercury (MeHg) and ethylmercury (EtHg) compounds in surface water and waste water. The method can be applied to samples containing 0,2 μg/l to 10 μg/l of each compound as mercury mass. Depending on the matrix, the method may also be applicable to higher concentrations after suitable dilution of the sample or reduction in sample size.
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies operationally defined methods for the determination of total cyanide in various types of water such as drinking water, ground water, surface water, wastewaters, metallurgical processing tailings reclaim solution, heap leach barren solution, mill slurry tailings filtrate and leaching solutions, with cyanide concentrations from 5 µg/l to 2 000 mg/l expressed as cyanide ions in the undiluted sample. The range of application can be extended by reducing the sensitivity (Figure A.1.). NOTE ISO 2080:2008, 3.105, defines free cyanide. The concentration of total cyanide as defined in ISO 2080:2008, 3.191 includes free cyanide, cyanide complexed with metals in solution as cyanide anion, but not necessarily all of the metal cyanide complexes present as determined by a specified analytical method. In this method, six suitable mass concentration ranges from 5 µg/l to 50 µg/l, from 50 µg/l to 500 µg/l, from 0,5 mg/l to 5 mg/l, from 5 mg/l to 50 mg/l, from 50 mg/l to 500 mg/l and from 500 mg/l to 2 000 mg/l are described.
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a multi‑parameter method for the determination of total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TNb) and total phosphorus (TP) in drinking water, raw water, ground water, surface water, sea water, saline water, process water, domestic and industrial wastewater, after a chemical oxidation process. It is applicable to both dissolved and bound suspended materials. The method allows for determination of TOC, TN and TP. The lower and upper working ranges for these parameters are dependent upon instrument conditions (for example sample volume, reaction chemistry amounts) and can be adjusted for a wider range. Typical measurement ranges are shown in Figures C.1 to C.3. The analysis procedure is carried out instrumentally by a single oxidation process. Dissolved nitrogen gas is not included in the TNb measurement in this method. When present in the sample, elemental carbon, cyanate and thiocyanate will be included in the TOC result.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the criteria for developing an in-house mass spectrometry-based method for quantitative analysis of multiple subgroups of organic substances in the scope of physical-chemical analysis of water.
This document supplements ISO/TS 13530 which provides guidance on the initial characterization of the measurement performances, by providing details to select the test matrix and internal standards and criteria for analyte and internal standard recoveries.
This document is not intended as a substitute for the currently applicable analytical standards dedicated to organic compounds but as a resource bringing additional characterization elements.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the criteria for mass spectrometric identification of target compounds in water samples and is applicable to environmental samples in general. This document is intended to be used in conjunction with standards developed for the determination of specific compounds. If a standard method for analysing specific compounds includes criteria for identification, those criteria are followed.
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This procedure specifies a method for the determination of 228Ra activity in drinking waters by radium
extraction, purification and liquid scintillation counting.
- Standard37 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the determination of the biochemical oxygen demand of waters by dilution and seeding with suppression of nitrification after 5 d or 7 d incubation time.
It is applicable to all waters having biochemical oxygen demands usually between 1 mg/l and 6 000 mg/l. It applies particularly to waste waters but also suits for the analysis of natural waters. For biochemical oxygen demands greater than 6 000 mg/l of oxygen, the method is still applicable, but special care is needed taking into consideration the representativeness of subsampling for preparation of the dilution steps. The results obtained are the product of a combination of biochemical and chemical reactions in presence of living matter which behaves only with occasional reproducibility. The results do not have the rigorous and unambiguous character of those resulting from, for example, a single, well‑defined, chemical process. Nevertheless, the results provide an indication from which the quality of waters can be estimated.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This standard specifies a method for the measurement of 99Tc in all types of waters by liquid
scintillation counting (LSC).
The detection limit depends on the sample volume and the instrument used. The method described in
this standard, using currently available LSC counters, has a detection limit of approximately 5 to 20
Bq•kg-1, which is lower than the WHO criteria for safe consumption of drinking water (100 Bq•L-1).
These values can be achieved with a counting time of 30 minutes for a sample volume varying
between 14 to 40 mL. The methods presented in this standard are not intended for the determination of
ultra-trace amount of 99Tc.
- Standard30 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This standard specifies a method for the measurement of 99Tc in all types of waters by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
The method described in this standard, using currently available ICP-MS, has a detection limit of approximately 0,2 to 0,5 ng•L-1 (0,1 to 0,3 Bq•kg-1), which is much lower than the WHO criteria for safe consumption of drinking water (100 Bq•L-1). The method presented in this standard is not intended for the determination of ultra-trace amount of 99Tc.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This International Standard gives criteria for mass spectrometric identification of target compounds in water. This document is a guideline for the identification of molecules <1 200 Da. For identification of larger molecules additional investigations are recommended.
This standard shall be used in conjunction with standards developed for the determination of the specific compounds. If the standards for analysing specific compounds give criteria for identification, those criteria shall be followed.
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the critical issues to address when developing in a laboratory a method for the simultaneous quantitative analysis of numerous organic compounds in water.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This part of ISO 5815 specifies the determination of the biochemical oxygen demand of waters by dilution and seeding with suppression of nitrification after 5 d incubation time.
This part of ISO 5815 is applicable to all waters having biochemical oxygen demands usually between 3 mg/l and 6 000 mg/l. It applies particularly to waste waters. For biochemical oxygen demands greater than 6 000 mg/l of oxygen, the method is still applicable, but the errors caused by the necessary dilutions can influence the analytical quality of the test method. Then the results are to be interpreted
with circumspection.
The results obtained are the product of a combination of biochemical and chemical reactions with participation by living matter which behaves only with occasional reproducibility. They do not have the rigorous and unambiguous character of those resulting from, for example, a single, well-defined, chemical process. Nevertheless, they provide an indication from which the quality of waters can be estimated.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the determination of selected perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in non-filtrated waters, for example drinking water, natural water (fresh water and sea water) and waste water containing less than 2 g/l solid particulate material (SPM) using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The compounds monitored by this method are typically the linear isomers. The group of compounds determined by this method are representative of a wide variety of PFAS. The analytes specified in Table 1 can be determined by this method. The list can be modified depending on the purpose for which the method is intended. The lower application range of this method can vary depending on the sensitivity of the equipment used and the matrix of the sample. For most compounds to which this document applies ≥0,2 ng/l as limit of quantification can be achieved. Actual levels can depend on the blank levels realized by individual laboratory. The applicability of the method to further substances, not listed in Table 1, or to further types of water is not excluded, but is intended to be validated separately for each individual case.
- Standard48 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard43 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard43 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies methods used to determine the concentration of plutonium and neptunium
isotopes in water by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) (239Pu, 240Pu, 241Pu
and 237Np). The concentrations obtained can be converted into activity concentrations of the different
isotopes[9].
Due to its relatively short half-life and 238U isobaric interference, 238Pu can hardly be measured by
this method. To quantify this isotope, other techniques can be used (ICP-MS with collision-reaction cell,
ICP-MS/MS with collision-reaction cell or chemical separation). Alpha spectrometry measurement, as
described in ISO 13167[10], is currently used[11].
This method is applicable to all types of water having a saline load less than 1 g·l−1. A dilution of the
sample is possible to obtain a solution having a saline load and activity concentrations compatible with
the preparation and the measurement assembly.
A filtration at 0,45 μm is needed for determination of dissolved nuclides. Acidification and chemical
separation of the sample are always needed.
The limit of quantification depends on the chemical separation and the performance of the
measurement device.
This method covers the measurement of those isotopes in water in activity concentrations between
around[12][13]:
— 1 mBq·l−1 to 5 Bq·l−1 for 239Pu, 240Pu and 237Np;
— 1 Bq·l−1 to 5 Bq·l−1 for 241Pu.
In both cases, samples with higher activity concentrations than 5 Bq·l−1 can be measured if a dilution is
performed before the chemical separation.
It is possible to measure 241Pu following a pre-concentration step of at least 1 000.
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- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard14 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Standard14 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for the quantitative determination of the sum of short-chain polychlorinated n-alkanes also known as short-chain polychlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) in the carbon bond range n-C10 to n-C13 inclusive, in mixtures with chlorine mass fractions ("contents") between 50 % and 67 %, including approximately 6 000 of approximately 8 000 congeners.
This method is applicable to the determination of the sum of SCCPs in unfiltered surface water, ground water, drinking water and waste water using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with electron capture negative ionization (GC-ECNI-MS).
Depending on the capability of the GC-ECNI-MS instrument, the concentration range of the method is from 0,1 µg/l or lower to 10 µg/l. Depending on the waste water matrix, the lowest detectable concentration is estimated to be > 0,1 µg/l. The data of the interlaboratory trial concerning this method are given in Annex I.
- Standard50 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the determination of selected perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in non‑filtrated waters, for example drinking water, natural water (fresh water and sea water) and waste water containing less than 2 g/l solid particulate material (SPM) using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC‑MS/MS). The compounds monitored by this method are typically the linear isomers. The group of compounds determined by this method are representative of a wide variety of PFAS. The analytes specified in Table 1 can be determined by this method. The list can be modified depending on the purpose for which the method is intended. The lower application range of this method can vary depending on the sensitivity of the equipment used and the matrix of the sample. For most compounds to which this document applies ≥0,2 ng/l as limit of quantification can be achieved. Actual levels can depend on the blank levels realized by individual laboratory. The applicability of the method to further substances, not listed in Table 1, or to further types of water is not excluded, but is intended to be validated separately for each individual case. NOTE 1 PFAS is used in this document to describe the analytes monitored. Many of the compounds in Table 1 are perfluoroalkyl and are also considered polyfluoroalkyl substances. NOTE 2 The linear PFAS isomers are specified in this document. The branched isomers can be present in environmental samples, especially for PFOS. Annex E provides an example of an analytical approach to the chromatographic and spectroscopic separation of individual isomers.
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- Standard43 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard43 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This European Standard specifies determination of the biochemical oxygen demand of waters of undiluted samples. This standard is applicable to all waters having biochemical oxygen demands greater than or equal to the limit of determination 0,5 mg/l of oxygen and not exceeding 6 mg/l of oxygen.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This part of ISO 17378 specifies a method for the determination of arsenic and antimony. The method
is applicable to drinking water, surface water, ground water, and rain water. The approximate linear
application range of this part of ISO 17378 for both elements is from 0,5 μg/l to 20 μg/l. Samples
containing higher concentrations than the application range can be analysed following appropriate
dilution.
Generally sea water is outside the scope of this part of ISO 17378. Sea water samples can be analysed
using a standard additions approach providing that this is validated for the samples under test. The
method is unlikely to detect organo-arsenic and organo-antimony compounds.
The sensitivity of this method is dependent on the selected operating conditions.
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- Standard23 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies representative materials suitable for the determination of the performance
characteristics, including uncertainty, during the initial assessment of a quantitative method, used in a
laboratory, for physico-chemical water analysis.
This document focuses on five main types of water:
— waters intended for consumption (5.2);
— natural waters (5.3);
— waste waters (5.4);
— marine waters (5.5);
— recreational waters (5.6).
NOTE Other more specific or less common types of water can be incorporated in any of the above types
provided appropriate justifications. The characteristics of the standard matrix are compatible with the
characteristics of the samples handled.
- Technical specification39 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Technical specification34 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification34 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the criteria for developing an in-house mass spectrometry-based method for quantitative analysis of multiple subgroups of organic substances in the scope of physical-chemical analysis of water. This document supplements ISO/TS 13530 which provides guidance on the initial characterization of the measurement performances, by providing details to select the test matrix and internal standards and criteria for analyte and internal standard recoveries. This document is not intended as a substitute for the currently applicable analytical standards dedicated to organic compounds but as a resource bringing additional characterization elements.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard11 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Standard11 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the criteria for mass spectrometric identification of target compounds in water samples and is applicable to environmental samples in general. This document is intended to be used in conjunction with standards developed for the determination of specific compounds. If a standard method for analysing specific compounds includes criteria for identification, those criteria are followed.
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard24 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Standard24 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off