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ASTM A289/A289M-97(2013)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Alloy Steel Forgings for Nonmagnetic Retaining Rings for Generators

Standard Specification for Alloy Steel Forgings for Nonmagnetic Retaining Rings for Generators

ABSTRACT
This specification covers nonmagnetic alloy steel retaining ring forgings for generators. The steel shall be made by the electro-slag-remelt (ESR) process. The electrodes shall be made by either the basic electric furnace or ladle refining processes. Sufficient discard shall be taken from each ingot to secure freedom from piping and undue segregation. Forged rings shall be solution treated following hot working and prior to the cold expansion procedure. Rings shall be rough machined prior to cold expansion or final heat treatment. Electrical properties and mechanical properties like yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation shall be determined. The rings shall be subject to the following test: tension test, Charpy V-notch impact test, metallographic test and non-destructive test. The ring shall be from cracks, seams, laps, shrinkage, and other injurious defects.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers nonmagnetic alloy steel retaining ring forgings for generators.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation, the material shall be furnished to the inch-pound units.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-May-2013
ICS
77.140.85 - Iron and steel forgings
Technical Committee
A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
Drafting Committee
A01.06 - Steel Forgings and Billets
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM A289/A289M-97(2008) - Standard Specification for Alloy Steel Forgings for Nonmagnetic Retaining Rings for Generators
Effective Date
15-May-2013
Referred By
ASTM A531/A531M-18(2023) - Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Turbine-Generator Steel Retaining Rings
Effective Date
15-May-2013
Referred By
ASTM A788/A788M-23 - Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements
Effective Date
15-May-2013

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ASTM A289/A289M-97(2013) - Standard Specification for Alloy Steel Forgings for Nonmagnetic Retaining Rings for GeneratorsASTM A289/A289M-97(2013) - Standard Specification for Alloy Steel Forgings for Nonmagnetic Retaining Rings for Generators
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ASTM A289/A289M-97(2013) - Standard Specification for Alloy Steel Forgings for Nonmagnetic Retaining Rings for Generators
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:A289/A289M −97 (Reapproved 2013)
Standard Specification for
Alloy Steel Forgings for Nonmagnetic Retaining Rings for
Generators
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA289/A289M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope lines ordering information, manufacturing requirements, test-
ing methods and retesting procedures, marking, certification,
1.1 This specification covers nonmagnetic alloy steel retain-
product analysis variation, and additional supplementary re-
ing ring forgings for generators.
quirements.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
3.2 If the requirements of this specification are in conflict
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
with the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, the
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
requirements of this specification shall prevail.
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance 3.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are
with the standard. provided. They shall apply only when specified by the pur-
chaser.
1.3 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specifica-
tion designation, the material shall be furnished to the inch-
4. Manufacture
pound units.
4.1 Thesteelshallbemadebytheelectro-slag-remelt(ESR)
process. The electrodes shall be made by either the basic
2. Referenced Documents
electric furnace or ladle refining processes.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.2 Sufficient discard shall be taken from each ingot to
A342/A342M Test Methods for Permeability of Feebly
secure freedom from piping and undue segregation.
Magnetic Materials
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
4.3 Forged rings shall be solution treated following hot
of Steel Products
working and prior to the cold expansion procedure.
A531/A531M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of
4.4 Rings shall be rough machined prior to cold expansion
Turbine-Generator Steel Retaining Rings
or final heat treatment.
A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-
4.5 Rings shall be expanded by an appropriate method such
quirements
as segmented dies, tapered plug, etc. in the temperature range
E45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of
of 60 to 390°F [15 to 200°C] in order to develop the required
Steel
tensile properties.
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
E165/E165M Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for
4.6 After cold expansion, the rings shall be heated to
General Industry
between 575 and 750°F [300 to 400°C] at a rate not to exceed
75°F [40°C]/h, held at this temperature for 6 to 12 h, and then
3. Ordering Information and General Requirements
slow cooled to ambient temperature.
3.1 Material supplied to this specification shall conform to
5. Chemical Requirements
the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, which out-
5.1 Heat Analysis—The heat analysis obtained from sam-
pling in accordance with Specification A788/A788M shall
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
comply with Table 1 of this specification.
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.
5.2 Product Analysis—When a product analysis is per-
Current edition approved May 15, 2013. Published May 2013. Originally
formed at the request of the purchaser, the provisions of Table
approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as A289/A289M – 97
1 of Specification A788/A788M shall apply. The analysis shall
(2008). DOI: 10.1520/A0289_A0289M-97R13.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
be made from a forging representing each heat.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on NOTE 1—The material shown in Table 1 of A289/A289M was formerly
the ASTM website. known as Class C.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A289/A289M−97 (2013)
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
8.2 Tangentially oriented tension test samples shall be
Composition, weight % located at the midwall location of an integral prolongation
Carbon 0.10 max forged at one or both ends of the ring, as shown in Fig. 1. The
Manganese 17.5–20.0
specimens shall be removed after cold working and subsequent
Phosphorus 0.060 max
stress relief.
Sulfur 0.015 max
Silicon 0.80 max
8.3 A minimum of one set of three tangentially oriented
Nickel 2.00 max
Charpy V-notch specimens shall be removed from the inside
Chromium 17.5–20.0
Nitrogen 0.45-0.80
diameter location of the test prolongation as shown in Fig. 1.
Titanium 0.10 max
The notch shall be aligned parallel to the longitudinal axis of
Aluminum 0.04 max
the ring.The purchaser may specify the side of the specimen to
Vanadium 0.25 max
be notched and that the distance of the root of the notch from
the inside diameter of the ring be different from that shown in
Fig. 1.
6. Mechanical Properties
9. Metall
...

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Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Turbine and Generator Steel Rotor Forgings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice shall be used when ultrasonic inspection is required by the order or specification for inspection purposes where the acceptance of the forging is based on limitations of the number, amplitude, or location of discontinuities, or a combination thereof, which give rise to ultrasonic indications.  
4.2 The acceptance criteria shall be clearly stated as order requirements.
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1.1 This practice for ultrasonic examination covers turbine and generator steel rotor forgings covered by Specifications A469/A469M, A470/A470M, A768/A768M, and A940/A940M. This practice shall be used for contact testing only.  
1.2 This practice describes a basic procedure of ultrasonically inspecting turbine and generator rotor forgings. It does not restrict the use of other ultrasonic methods such as reference block calibrations when required by the applicable procurement documents nor is it intended to restrict the use of new and improved ultrasonic test equipment and methods as they are developed.  
1.3 This practice is intended to provide a means of inspecting cylindrical forgings so that the inspection sensitivity at the forging center line or bore surface is constant, independent of the forging or bore diameter. To this end, inspection sensitivity multiplication factors have been computed from theoretical analysis, with experimental verification. These are plotted in Fig. 1 (bored rotors) and Fig. 2 (solid rotors), for a true inspection frequency of 2.25 MHz, and an acoustic velocity of 2.30 in./s × 105 in./s [5.85 cm/s × 105 cm/s]. Means of converting to other sensitivity levels are provided in Fig. 3. (Sensitivity multiplication factors for other frequencies may be derived in accordance with X1.1 and X1.2 of Appendix X1.)  
FIG. 1 Bored Forgings
Note 1: Sensitivity multiplication factor such that a 10 % indication at the forging bore surface will be equivalent to a 1/8 in. [3 mm] diameter flat bottom hole. Inspection frequency: 2.0 MHz or 2.25 MHz. Material velocity: 2.30 in./s × 105 in./s [5.85 cm/s × 105 cm/s].
FIG. 2 Solid Forgings
Note 1: Sensitivity multiplication factor such that a 10 % indication at the forging centerline surface will be equivalent to a 1/8 in. [3 mm] diameter flat bottom hole. Inspection frequency: 2.0 MHz or 2.25 MHz. Material velocity: 2.30 in./s × 105 in./s [5.85 cm/s × 105 cm/s].
FIG. 3 Conversion Factors to Be Used in Conjunction with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 if a Change in the Reference Reflector Diameter is Required
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This specification covers standards for forged carbon steel piping components, that is, flanges, fittings, valves, and similar parts, for use in pressure systems at ambient and higher-temperature service conditions. Materials shall be subjected to heat treatment (annealing, normalizing, tempering, or quenching). Material shall conform to carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, copper, nickel, chromium, molybdenum and vanadium contents. The forgings shall be subjected to tension, hardness and hydrostatic tests, with the latter applicable when required. Material shall adhere to tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, reduction of area, and hardness requirements. Guidelines for retreatment, repair by welding, and product marking are given.
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This specification covers vacuum-treated alloy steel forgings intended for use as turbine rotor disks and wheels. The steel shall be made by the basic electric-furnace process. The molten steel shall be vacuum treated using either the vacuum stream degassing process, vacuum-lift process or ladle degassing process prior to or during the pouring of the ingot in order to remove objectionable gases, particularly hydrogen. The forgings shall receive their hot mechanical work under a press, hammer, or mill of sufficient power to work the metal throughout its section. Before reheating for heat treatment, the forging shall be allowed to cool in a manner to prevent damage and to accomplish transformation. The forgings shall be heated to a suitable temperature for a sufficient length of time for complete austenitization and shall be tempered to develop the specified properties. The forgings shall be preliminarily machined on all surfaces prior to heat treatment and shall be stress relieved after machining. To measure some mechanical properties, the specimens shall be subjected to tension test, impact test, and hardness test. A non-destructive test like an ultrasonic inspection shall be made on all available surfaces to demonstrate freedom from detrimental internal indications.
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This measurement method covers the procedures for the standard practice of determining the heat stability of steam turbine and rotor forgings to ensure stability at operating temperature. Surface and test band preparation, and heating and cooling procedures prior to stability measurements are detailed. Interpretation of the results of cold and hot measurements is also described.
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1.1 This specification covers the determination of heat stability of steam turbine shafts and rotor forgings to ensure stability at operating temperature. This specification is not ordinarily applicable to generator rotor forgings.  
1.2 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the specification, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.  
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ABSTRACT
This specification deals with ferritic alloy steel forgings for high-pressure and high-temperature parts, such as boilers, pressure vessels, and associated equipment. The steel grades covered here include the following: Grade F1; Grade F11, Classes 1, 2, and 3; Grade F12; Grade F5; Grade F5A; Grade F9; Grade F6; Grades F21 and F22, Classes 1 and 3; Grade F91, Grade F3V; and Grade F22V. Other steel grades may also be treated under this specification. Alloy steels shall be melted, forged, and rough machined at stipulated conditions. Except as permitted for Grade F22V, steel forgings shall be annealed or normalized and tempered, but may alternatively be liquid quenched and tempered as well. Impact and Charpy V-notch tests shall be performed wherein specimens shall conform to specified mechanical requirements such as notch toughness, tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and reduction of area. Materials shall also undergo heat and product analyses and conform to specified chemical requirements.
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1.4 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation, the material shall be furnished to the inch-pound units.  
1.5 Specification A336/A336M formerly included austenitic steel forgings, which are now found in Specification A965/A965M.  
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
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ASTM A275/A275M-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of Steel Forgings

ABSTRACT
This test method covers the procedures for the standard practice of performing magnetic particle examination on steel forgings. The inspection medium shall consist of finely divided ferromagnetic particles, whose size, shape and magnetic properties, both individually and collectively, shall be taken into account. Forgings may be magnetized in the longitudinal or circular direction by employing the surge or continuous current flow methods. Magnetization may be applied by passing current through the piece or by inducing a magnetic field by means of a central conductor, such as a prod or yoke, or by coils. While the material is properly magnetized, the magnetic particles may be applied by either the dry method, wet method, or fluorescent method. The parts shall also be sufficiently demagnetized after inspection so that residual or leakage fields will not interfere with future operations to which the steel forgings shall be used for. Indications to be evaluated are grouped into three broad classes, namely: surface defects, which include laminar defects, forging laps and folds, flakes (thermal ruptures caused by entrapped hydrogen), heat-treating cracks, shrinkage cracks, grinding cracks, and etching or plating cracks; subsurface defects, which include stringers of nonmetallic inclusions, large nonmetallics, cracks in underbeads of welds, and forging bursts; and nonrelevant or false indications, which include magnetic writing, changes in section, edge of weld, and flow lines.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 For ferromagnetic materials, magnetic particle examination is widely specified for the detection of surface and near surface discontinuities such as cracks, laps, seams, and linearly oriented nonmetallic inclusions. Such examinations are included as mandatory requirements in some forging standards such as Specification A508/A508M.  
4.2 Use of direct current or rectified alternating (full or half wave) current as the power source for magnetic particle examination allows detection of subsurface discontinuities.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice2 covers a procedure for magnetic particle examination of steel forgings. The procedure will produce consistent results upon which acceptance standards can be based. This practice does not contain acceptance standards or recommended quality levels.  
1.2 Only direct current or rectified alternating (full or half wave) current shall be used as the electric power source for any of the magnetizing methods. Alternating current is not permitted because its capability to detect subsurface discontinuities is very limited and therefore unsuitable.  
1.2.1 Portable battery powered electromagnetic yokes are outside the scope of this practice.
Note 1: Guide E709 may be utilized for magnetic particle examination in the field for machinery components originally manufactured from steel forgings.  
1.3 The minimum requirements for magnetic particle examination shall conform to practice standards of Practice E1444/E1444M. If the requirements of this practice are in conflict with the requirements of Practice E1444/E1444M, the requirements of this practice shall prevail.  
1.4 This practice and the applicable material specifications are expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation [SI units], the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices ...

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ASTM
ASTM A473-23a(Specification)
Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Forgings

ABSTRACT
This specification covers austenitic, austenitic-ferritic, ferritic, and martensitic stainless steel forgings for general use, and for low- or high-temperature service. The different solution heat treatment and annealing treatment received by the steel material are presented in details. The steel shall conform to the specified chemical composition and room temperature mechanical requirements. The forgings shall be produced with prolongations for testing, unless otherwise specified. The number of and procedure for tension test for forgings depending on their weight are presented. The tension test specimens shall be taken from the test prolongations or from the forgings.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers austenitic, austenitic-ferritic, ferritic, and martensitic stainless steel forgings for general use, and for low- or high-temperature service.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 Supplementary requirements from Specification A788/A788M may be specified when additional testing, inspection, or processing is required.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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