ASTM D6581-18

Standard Test Methods for Bromate, Bromide, Chlorate, and Chlorite in Drinking Water by Suppressed Ion Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The oxyhalides chlorite, chlorate, and bromate are inorganic disinfection by-products (DBPs) of considerable health risk concern worldwide. The occurrence of chlorite and chlorate is associated with the use of chlorine dioxide, as well as hypochlorite solutions used for drinking water disinfection. The occurrence of bromate is associated with the use of ozone for disinfection, wherein naturally occurring bromide is oxidized to bromate. Bromide is a naturally occurring precursor to the formation of bromate.
SCOPE
1.1 These multi-test methods cover the determination of the oxyhalides—chlorite, bromate, and chlorate, and bromide, in raw water, finished drinking water and bottled (non-carbonated) water by chemically and electrolytically suppressed ion chromatography. The ranges tested using these test methods for each analyte were as follows:    
Range  
Sections  
Test Method A:
Chemically Suppressed Ion Chromatography  
8 to 20  
Chlorite  
5 to 500 µg/L  
Bromate  
1 to 25 µg/L  
Bromide  
5 to 250 µg/L  
Chlorate  
5 to 500 µg/L  
Test Method B:
Electrolytically Suppressed Ion Chromatography  
21 to 31  
Chlorite  
20 to 1000 µg/L  
Bromate  
1 to 30 µg/L  
Bromide  
20 to 200 µg/L  
Chlorate  
20 to 1000 µg/L  
1.1.1 The upper limits may be extended by appropriate sample dilution or by the use of a smaller injection volume. Other ions of interest, such as fluoride, chloride, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate may also be determined using these test methods. However, analysis of these ions is not the object of these test methods.  
1.2 It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for waters of untested matrices.  
1.3 These test methods are technically equivalent with Part B of U.S. EPA Method 300.1,2 titled “The Determination of Inorganic Anions in Drinking Water by Ion Chromatography.”  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2018
• ICS: 13.060.50 - Examination of water for chemical substances
• Technical Committee: D19 - Water
• Drafting Committee: D19.05 - Inorganic Constituents in Water

Relations

• Referred By: ASTM D8149-20 - Standard Practice for Optimization, Calibration, and Validation of Ion Chromatographic Determination of Heteroatoms and Anions in Petroleum Products and Lubricants
• Effective Date: 01-May-2018

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6581 − 18
Standard Test Methods for
Bromate, Bromide, Chlorate, and Chlorite in Drinking Water
1
by Suppressed Ion Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6581; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
tion only and are not considered standard.
1.1 These multi-test methods cover the determination of the
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
oxyhalides—chlorite, bromate, and chlorate, and bromide, in
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
raw water, finished drinking water and bottled (non-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
carbonated) water by chemically and electrolytically sup-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
pressed ion chromatography.The ranges tested using these test
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
methods for each analyte were as follows:
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
Range Sections
Test Method A: 8 to 20 dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Chemically Suppressed
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Ion Chromatography
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Chlorite 5 to 500 µg/L
Bromate 1 to 25 µg/L mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Bromide 5 to 250 µg/L
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Chlorate 5 to 500 µg/L
2. Referenced Documents
Test Method B: 21 to 31
Electrolytically 3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Suppressed Ion
D1129Terminology Relating to Water
Chromatography
Chlorite 20 to 1000 µg/L
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
Bromate 1 to 30 µg/L
D2777Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
Bromide 20 to 200 µg/L
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
Chlorate 20 to 1000 µg/L
D3370Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
1.1.1 The upper limits may be extended by appropriate
D3856Guide for Management Systems in Laboratories
sample dilution or by the use of a smaller injection volume.
Engaged in Analysis of Water
Otherionsofinterest,suchasfluoride,chloride,nitrite,nitrate,
D5810Guide for Spiking into Aqueous Samples
phosphate, and sulfate may also be determined using these test
D5847Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications
methods. However, analysis of these ions is not the object of
for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
these test methods.
1.2 It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of 3. Terminology
these test methods for waters of untested matrices.
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 These test methods are technically equivalent with Part 3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to
2
Terminology D1129.
B of U.S. EPA Method 300.1, titled “The Determination of
InorganicAnions in Drinking Water by Ion Chromatography.”
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 analytical column, n—the ion exchange column used
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical to separate the ions of interest according to their retention
characteristics prior to detection.
3.2.2 analytical column set, n—a combination of one or
1 more guard columns, followed by one or more analytical
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on
Water and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic
Constituents in Water.
3
Current edition approved May 1, 2018. Published May 2018. Originally For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D6581–12. DOI: contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
10.1520/D6581-18. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
2
U.S. EPA 300.1, Cincinnati, OH, 1997. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6581 − 18
columns used to separate the ions of interest. All of the sufficiently high purity to permit its use without reducing the
columns in series then contribute to the overall capacity and accuracy of the determination.
resolution of the
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6581 − 12 D6581 − 18
Standard Test Methods for
Bromate, Bromide, Chlorate, and Chlorite in Drinking Water
1
by Suppressed Ion Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6581; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 These multi-test methods cover the determination of the oxyhalides—chlorite, bromate, and chlorate, and bromide, in raw
water, finished drinking water and bottled (non-carbonated) water by chemically and electrolytically suppressed ion chromatog-
raphy. The ranges tested using these test methods for each analyte were as follows:
Range Sections
Test Method A: 8 to 20
Chemically Suppressed
Ion Chromatography
Chlorite 5 to 500 μg/L
Bromate 1 to 25 μg/L
Bromide 5 to 250 μg/L
Chlorate 5 to 500 μg/L
Test Method B: 21 to 31
Electrolytically
Suppressed Ion
Chromatography
Chlorite 20 to 1000 μg/L
Bromate 1 to 30 μg/L
Bromide 20 to 200 μg/L
Chlorate 20 to 1000 μg/L
1.1.1 The upper limits may be extended by appropriate sample dilution or by the use of a smaller injection volume. Other ions
of interest, such as fluoride, chloride, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate may also be determined using these test methods.
However, analysis of these ions is not the object of these test methods.
1.2 It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for waters of untested matrices.
2
1.3 These test methods are technically equivalent with Part B of U.S. EPA Method 300.1, titled “The Determination of
Inorganic Anions in Drinking Water by Ion Chromatography.”
1.4 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are
for information only.mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered
standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents
in Water.
Current edition approved March 1, 2012May 1, 2018. Published April 2012May 2018. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 20082012 as
D6581 – 08.D6581 – 12. DOI: 10.1520/D6581-12.10.1520/D6581-18.
2
U.S. EPA 300.1, Cincinnati, OH, 1997.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6581 − 18
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
D3856 Guide for Management Systems in Laboratories Engaged in Analysis of Water
D5810 Guide for Spiking into Aqueous Samples
D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions: For definitions of terms used in the test methods, refer to Terminology D1129.
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to Terminology D1129.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 analytical column—column, n—the ion exchange column used to separate the ions of interest according to their retention
characteristics prior to detection.
3.2.2 analytical column set—set, n—a combination of one or more guard columns, followed by one or more analytical columns
used to separate the ions of interest. All of the columns in series then contribute to the overall capacity
...