ASTM A579-01
(Specification)Standard Specification for Superstrength Alloy Steel Forgings
Standard Specification for Superstrength Alloy Steel Forgings
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for forged steel shapes for highly stressed structural members requiring yield strengths in excess of 140 ksi (965 MPa) (0.2% offset).
1.2 This specification is not intended for applications limited by creep deformation.
1.3 Twenty-seven grades are covered by this specification. Selection will depend upon design, service conditions, and mechanical properties required.
1.4 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the order.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: A 579 – 01
Standard Specification for
Superstrength Alloy Steel Forgings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 579; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Ordering Information and General Requirements
1.1 This specification covers requirements for forged steel 3.1 In addition to the ordering information required by
shapes for highly stressed structural members requiring yield Specification A 788, the purchaser shall include with the
strengths in excess of 140 ksi (965 MPa) (0.2 % offset). inquiry and order a detailed drawing, sketch, or written
1.2 This specification is not intended for applications lim- description of the forging.
ited by creep deformation. 3.2 Material supplied to this specification shall conform to
1.3 Twenty-seven grades are covered by this specification. the requirements of Specification A 788, which outlines addi-
Selection will depend upon design, service conditions, and tional ordering information, manufacturing requirements, test-
mechanical properties required. ing and retesting methods and procedures, marking, certifica-
1.4 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when tion, product analysis variations, and additional supplementary
additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply requirements.
only when specified individually by the purchaser in the order. 3.3 If the requirements of this specification are in conflict
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded with the requirements of Specification A 788, the requirements
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for of this specification shall prevail.
information only.
4. Materials and Manufacture
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 The steel shall be made in accordance with the Melting
2.1 ASTM Standards: Process Section of Specification A 788. A sufficient discard
A 255 Test Methods for Hardenability of Steel shall be made to secure freedom from injurious pipe and undue
A 275/A 275M Test Method for Magnetic Particle Exami- segregation.
nation of Steel Forgings 4.2 The material shall be forged as close as practical to the
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing specified shape and size.
of Steel Products 4.3 The finished product shall be a hot-worked forging as
A 388/A 388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of defined by Specification A 788.
Heavy Steel Forgings 4.4 Heat Treatment Performed by Forging Supplier—
A 788 Specification for Steel Forgings, General Require- Forgings may be furnished in one of the following conditions
ments as specified in the inquiry and purchase order (some conditions
E 3 Methods of Preparation of Metallographic Specimens are not applicable to all grades):
E 21 Test Methods for Elevated Temperature Tension Tests 4.4.1 Stress relieved,
of Metallic Materials 4.4.2 Annealed,
E 45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content 4.4.3 Solution treated,
of Steel 4.4.4 Solution treated and aged,
E 112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size 4.4.5 Normalized,
E 165 Test Method for Liquid Penetrant Examination 4.4.6 Normalized and tempered, or
4.4.7 Quenched and tempered.
4.5 Heat Treatment Performed by Purchaser—When final
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
heat treatment is to be performed by the purchaser after
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
machining or fabrication, or both, a capability heat treatment
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2001. Published November 2001. Originally duplicating the purchaser’s final heat treatment must be per-
published as A 579–67. Last previous edition A 579–99.
formed by the supplier on representative samples (see 6.3) to
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
A 579–01
qualify the forgings. The results of these capability tests shall 6. Mechanical Properties
conform to the requirements of Table 1 and Table 2. See also
6.1 The material shall conform to the mechanical properties
Table 3.
specified in Table 1, when ordered to 4.4.4 or 4.4.7. For the
other heat treatments specified in 4.4, the provisions of 4.5
5. Chemical Requirements
apply.
5.1 Heat Analysis—The heat analysis obtained from sam- 6.2 Tension tests are required for all material ordered to this
pling in accordance with Specification A 788 shall comply with
specification. However, room-temperature Charpy V-notch im-
Table 4. pact tests are required only for those grades which have
minimum impact strength requirements listed in Table 2.
5.2 Product Analysis—The purchaser may use the product
analysis provision of Specification A 788 to obtain a product 6.3 Tests shall be conducted in accordance with the latest
analysis from a forging representing each heat or multiple heat issue of Test Methods and Definitions A 370. The largest
(see Table 5). obtainable tension test specimen as specified in Test Methods
TABLE 1 Minimum Tension Test Requirements
A
Grade Yield Strength Tensile Strength, Elongation, Reduction
A
(0.2 % offset), ksi (MPa) % of Area,
ksi (MPa) %
Quench and Tempered
13, 21, 22, 23, 12, 12a 140 (965) 150 (1035) 13 40
13, 21, 22, 23, 11 160 (1100) 175 (1210) 12 36
B
13, 21, 22, 23, 31 180 (1240) 190 (1310) 10 32
B
13, 21, 22, 23 200 (1380) 210 (1450) 9 28
C B
22 , 23, 32, 33 225 (1550) 250 (1720) 6 25
Air Hardening
B
41 200 (1380) 260 (1790) 9 30
B
41 225 (1550) 280 (1930) 8 25
Martensitic Stainless
51, 52, 53 140 (965) 175 (1210) 12 45
52 160 (1100) 220 (1520) 10 40
No. 1 Precipitation Hardening Stainless
61 140 (965) 165 (1140) 12 50
61 160 (1100) 180(1240) 10 45
B
61 180 (1240) 200(1380) 8 40
No. 2 Precipitation Hardening Stainless
64 140 (965) 165 (1140) 12 25
64 160 (1100) 185 (1280) 10 25
B
64 180 (1240) 210 (1450) 10 25
No. 3 Precipitation Hardening Stainless
62 140 (965) 165 (1140) 6 25
62, 63 160 (1100) 180 (1240) 6 25
B
63 180 (1240) 200 (1380) 6 25
B
63 200 (1380) 225 (1550) 5 25
Maraging Steels
74 160 (1100) 170 (1170) 15 65
B
75 180 (1240) 190 (1310) 14 60
B
71 200 (1380) 210 (1450) 12 55
B
72 250 (1720) 255 (1760) 10 45
B
73 275 (1900) 280 (1930) 9 40
Miscellaneous
D
81 180 (1240) 190 (1310) 13 45
D
82 200 (1380) 210 (1450) 10 30
D D
83 225 (1550) 260 (1790) 7 20
E D
83 250 (1720) 280 (1930) 4 15
D
84 180 (1240) 185 14 45
A
See Note in Table 3.
B
Vacuum melting normally required to achieve list properties.
C
By agreement.
D
Bainitic.
E
Martensitic.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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A 579–01
A
TABLE 2 Minimum Room-Temperature Charpy V-Notch Energy Absorption for Respective Yield Strength Classes, ft·lbf(J)
Grade Yield Strength Class, ksi (MPa)
B B B B B
140 160 180 200 225 250 275
(965) (1100) (1240) (1380) (1550) (1720) (1900)
11 . . . 45 (61) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12, 12a 50 (68) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
C
13 20 (27) 10 (14) . . . .
21 35 (47) 30 (41) 20 (27) 15 (20) . . . . . . . . .
22 30 (41) 25 (34) 20 (27) 15 (20) . . . . . . . . .
23 35 (47) 25 (34) 20 (27) 15 (20) 10 (14) . . . . . .
31 . . . . . . 25 (34) . . . . . . . . . . . .
32 . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 (16) . . . . . .
33 . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 (20) . . . . . .
C
41 . . . . . . . . . 15 (20) . .
51 15 (20) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CC
52 . . . . .
C
53 . . . . . .
C
61 25 (34) . . . . . . .
CC
62 . . . . .
CCC
63 . . . .
64 25 (34) 15 (20) 15 (20) . . . . . . . . . . . .
71 . . . . . . . . . 35 (47) . . . . . . . . .
72 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 (27) . . .
73 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 (20)
74 . . . 60 (81) 50 (68) . . . . . . . . . . . .
81 . . . . . . 25 (34) . . . . . . . . . . . .
82 . . . . . . . . . 20 (27) . . . . . . . . .
83 . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 (20) 10 (14) . . .
84 . . . . . . 25 (34) . . . . . . . . . . . .
A
See Note in Table 3.
B
Vacuum melting may be required to achieve listed properties.
C
By agreement.
and Definitions A 370 shall be used. Impact specimens shall be a ring forging. The dimension T shall be representative of the
the standard size, Charpy V-notch, as shown in the figure for
heaviest effective cross section of the forging. For quenched
the Charpy (Simple-Beam) Impact Test of Test Methods and and tempered forgings for which tests are required at both ends
Definitions A 370. The use of subsize impact specimens
by 6.5.2.3 and 6.5.2.4, separately forged test blocks are not
requires prior purchaser approval.
allowed.
6.4 The longitudinal axis of the specimens shall be parallel
NOTE 1—In using separately forged test blocks, attention is drawn to
to the direction of major working of the forging. For upset-disc
the effect of mass differences between the production forgings and the test
forgings, the longitudinal axis of the test specimen shall be in
blocks.
the tangential direction.
6.4.1 The longitudinal axis of the specimen shall be located 6.5 Specific Requirements—The number and location of
tests are based on forging length, weight, and heat treatment
midway between the parallel surfaces of the test extension if
added to the periphery of disks or midway between the center and shall be as prescribed below. The length and weight to be
and surface of solid forgings. For hollow forgings, the longi- used for this purpose shall be the shipped length and weight of
tudinal axis of the specimens shall be located midway between forgings produced individually or the aggregate shipped length
the center and outer surfaces of the wall. When separately and weight of all pieces cut from a multiple forging.
forged test blocks are employed as defined in 6.4.3, the tension
6.5.1 Stress Relieved, Annealed Solution, Treated, Solution
test specimens shall be taken from a location which represents
Treated and Aged, Normal or Normalized and Tempered
the midwall of the heaviest section of the production forgings.
Forgings:
When specimens are required from opposite ends, they shall be
6.5.1.1 For forgings weighing 5000 lb (2250 kg) or less at
taken from the diagonal corners of an axial plane.
the time of heat treatment, one tension test shall be taken from
6.4.2 Except as specified herein, tests for acceptance shall
one forging per heat in each heat-treatment charge. When heat
be made after heat treatment has been completed.
treatment is performed in continuous-type furnaces with suit-
6.4.3 When mutually agreed upon between manufacturer
able temperature controls and equipped with recording pyrom-
and purchaser, test specimens may be machined from a
eters so that complete heat-treatment records are available, a
specially forged block suitably worked and heat treated with
tempering charge may be considered as any continuous run not
the production forgings. Such a special block shall be obtained
exceeding an 8-h period.
from an ingot, slab, or billet from the same heat used to make
6.5.1.2 For forgings and forged bars weighing over 5000 lb
the forgings it represents. This block shall receive essentially
(2250 kg) at the time of heat treatment, one tension test shall be
the same type of hot working and forging reduction as the
taken from each forging.
production forgings; however, a longitudinally forged bar with
dimensions not less than T by T by 3T may be used to represent 6.5.2 Quenched and Tempered Forgings:
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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A 579–01
TABLE 3 Material, Maximum Annealed Hardness (HB), and Section Size Capability (in Inches) for
Respective Yield Strength Classes
NOTE—Tables 1-3 show grades and maximum section sizes in which the indicated yield strength levels can usually be achieved at a 1/4 thickness depth
in the direction of maximum working. Because of variations in forging configuration and processing it does not follow that the ductility and impact
strengths listed in Table 1 and Table 2 can always be obtained at these depths. The properties listed are minimums, unless otherwise agreed by purchaser
and manufacturer.
Grade Maximum Yield Strength Class, ksi (MPa)
Annealed
140 160 180 200 225 250 275
Hardness
(965) (1100) (1240) (1380) (1550) (1720) (1900)
(HB)
11 321 . 6.5 . . . . .
12, 12a . 4.0 . . . . . .
13 229 1.0 1.0 1.0 . . . . . . . . . . . .
21 285 4.5 4.5 4.0 4.0 . . . . . . . . .
22 302 4.5 4.5 4.0 4.0 3.5 . . . . . .
23 302 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 . . . . . .
31 262 . . 3.0 . . . .
32 302 . . . . 5.5 . .
33 302 . . . . 2.0 . .
41 235 . . . 6.0 6.0 . .
51 197 2.0 . . . . . .
52 255 2.0 2.0 . . . . .
53 285 4.0 . . . . . .
61 375 8.0 8.0 1.0 . . . . . . . . . . . .
62 207 6.0 6.0 . . . . .
63 241 . . . 6.0 6.0 6.0 . . . . . . . . .
64 321 6.0 6.0 6.0 . . . . . . . . . . . .
71 321 . . . . . . . . . 12.0 . . . . . . . . .
72 321 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.0 . . .
73 321 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.0
74 321 . . . 12.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
75 321 . . . . . . 12.0 . . . . . . . . . . . .
81 341 . . 6.0 . . . .
82 341 . . . 5.0 . . .
83 341 . . . . 3.0 3.0 .
84 341 . . 6.0 . . . .
6.5.2.1 For quenched and tempered forgings weighing 5000 7. Nondestructive Test Requirements
lb (2250 kg) or less at the time of heat treatment, but not
7.1 General—The forgings shall be free from cracks,
exceeding 12 ft (3.7 m) in length, one tension test shall be
seams, laps, shrinkage, and other injurious discontinuities.
taken from one forging per heat in each heat-treatment charge.
7.2 Magnetic Particle Inspection—All ferromagnetic forg-
When heat treatment is performed in continuous-type furnaces
ings produced to this specification shall be subject to magnetic
with suitable temperature controls and equipped with recording
partic
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