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ASTM D2913-20

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Mercaptan Content of the Atmosphere

Standard Test Method for Mercaptan Content of the Atmosphere

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Mercaptans are odorous substances offensive at low concentrations and toxic at higher levels. They are emitted from geothermal sources, industrial processes, and food processing facilities. Mercaptans at low concentrations are commonly added to natural gas and LP gases for safety purposes as well.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is for the measurement of mercaptans (organic thiols) in the atmosphere at concentrations below 100 parts per billion (ppb(v) = 195 μg/m3). For concentrations above 100 ppb(v), the sampling period can be reduced or the trapping liquid volume increased either before or after aspirating. (See Practice D1357 for sampling guidance.) The minimum detectable amount of methyl mercaptan is 0.04 μg/mL (1)2 in a final liquid volume of 25 mL. When sampling air at the maximum recommended rate of 2 L/min for 2 h, the minimum detectable mercaptan concentration is 1.0 ppb(v) (1.95 μg methyl mercaptan/m3 at 101.3 kPa (760 mm Hg) and 25°C). This test method determines total mercaptans and does not differentiate among individual mercaptans, although it is most sensitive to the lower molecular weight alkanethiols.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 8.7, 8.8, and Section 9.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Aug-2020
ICS
13.040.20 - Ambient atmospheres
Technical Committee
D22 - Air Quality
Drafting Committee
D22.03 - Ambient Atmospheres and Source Emissions
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D1356-20a - Standard Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
Effective Date
01-Sep-2020
Refers
ASTM D1356-20 - Standard Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
Effective Date
15-Mar-2020

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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2913 − 20
Standard Test Method for
1
Mercaptan Content of the Atmosphere
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2913; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
3
1.1 This test method is for the measurement of mercaptans
2.1 ASTM Standards:
(organic thiols) in the atmosphere at concentrations below 100
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
3
parts per billion (ppb(v) = 195 µg/m ). For concentrations
D1356Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
above 100 ppb(v), the sampling period can be reduced or the
Atmospheres
trapping liquid volume increased either before or after aspirat-
D1357Practice for Planning the Sampling of the Ambient
ing. (See Practice D1357 for sampling guidance.) The mini-
Atmosphere
mum detectable amount of methyl mercaptan is 0.04 µg/mL
D1914PracticeforConversionUnitsandFactorsRelatingto
2
(1) in a final liquid volume of 25 mL. When sampling air at
Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
the maximum recommended rate of 2 L/min for 2 h, the
D2914Test Methods for Sulfur Dioxide Content of the
minimum detectable mercaptan concentration is 1.0 ppb(v)
Atmosphere (West-Gaeke Method)
3
(1.95 µg methyl mercaptan/m at 101.3 kPa (760 mm Hg) and
D3195Practice for Rotameter Calibration
25°C). This test method determines total mercaptans and does
D3249Practice for General Ambient Air Analyzer Proce-
not differentiate among individual mercaptans, although it is
dures
most sensitive to the lower molecular weight alkanethiols.
D3609Practice for Calibration Techniques Using Perme-
ation Tubes
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
D3631Test Methods for Measuring Surface Atmospheric
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Pressure
standard.
E2251Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
eters with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3. Terminology
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
Specific precautionary statements are given in 8.7, 8.8, and
method, refer to Terminology D1356.
Section 9.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- 4. Summary of Test Method
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4.1 This test method is intended for obtaining an integrated
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
sample over a selected time span (such as 2 h) either manually
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
or in an automatic sequential sampler using 10 mL of absorp-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
tion liquid in a bubbler.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.2 The absorption liquid is delivered to the laboratory for
colorimetric analysis by reaction between the collected mer-
1 captan and N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air
Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.03 on Ambient
Atmospheres and Source Emissions.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2020. Published September 2020. Originally
3
approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D2913–14. DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/D2913-20. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
this standard. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2913 − 20
5. Significance and Use 7. Apparatus
7.1 Sampling Apparatus:
5.1 Mercaptans are odorous substances offensive at low
7.1.1 Absorber—Midget bubbler with coarse porosity frit.
concentrations and toxic at higher levels. They are emitted
7.1.2 Air Sample Probe—TFE-fluorocarbon,polypropylene,
from geothermal sources, industrial processes, and food pro-
or glass tube with a polypropylene or glass funnel at the end.
cessing facilities. Mercaptans at low concentratio
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2913 − 14 D2913 − 20
Standard Test Method for
1
Mercaptan Content of the Atmosphere
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2913; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is for the measurement of mercaptans (organic thiols) in the atmosphere at concentrations below 100 parts
3
per billion (ppb(v) = 195 μg/m ). For concentrations above 100 ppb(v), the sampling period can be reduced or the trapping liquid
volume increased either before or after aspirating. (See Practice D1357 for sampling guidance.) The minimum detectable amount
2
of methyl mercaptan is 0.04 μg/mL (1) in a final liquid volume of 25 mL. When sampling air at the maximum recommended rate
3
of 2 L/min for 2 h, the minimum detectable mercaptan concentration is 1.0 ppb(v) (1.95 μg methyl mercaptan/m at 101.3 kPa (760
mm Hg) and 25°C). This test method determines total mercaptans and does not differentiate among individual mercaptans,
although it is most sensitive to the lower molecular weight alkanethiols.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 8.7, 8.8, and Section 9.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
D1357 Practice for Planning the Sampling of the Ambient Atmosphere
D1914 Practice for Conversion Units and Factors Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
D2914 Test Methods for Sulfur Dioxide Content of the Atmosphere (West-Gaeke Method)
D3195 Practice for Rotameter Calibration
D3249 Practice for General Ambient Air Analyzer Procedures
D3609 Practice for Calibration Techniques Using Permeation Tubes
D3631 Test Methods for Measuring Surface Atmospheric Pressure
E2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.03 on Ambient Atmospheres
and Source Emissions.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2014Sept. 1, 2020. Published October 2014September 2020. Originally approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 20072014
as D2913 – 96 (2007).D2913 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/D2913-14.10.1520/D2913-20.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of this standard.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2913 − 20
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D1356.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method is intended for obtaining an integrated sample over a selected time span (such as 2 h) either manually or in
an automatic sequential sampler using 10 mL of absorption liquid in a bubbler.
4.2 The absorption liquid is delivered to the laboratory for colorimetric analysis by reaction between the collected mercaptan and
N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Mercaptans are odorous substances offensive at low concentrations and toxic at higher levels. They are emitted from
geothermal sources, industrial processes, and food processing facilities. Mercaptans at low concentrations ar
...

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5.2 This practice is intended for air quality sensors that measure one or more of the criteria pollutants in ambient air (ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, PM10 and PM2.5) that can be operated in outdoor environments and can log a concentration reading. It is not intended for devices or transducers that require additional enclosures for deployment outdoors or post-processing to convert their output signal into a pollutant concentration reading.  
5.3 It is anticipated that the main users of this practice will be manufacturers, developers, and distributors of outdoor air quality sensors, air quality agenc...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes standardized tests for the performance evaluation of sensor-based continuous instruments for ambient outdoor air quality measurements. It describes both laboratory and field tests that provide information on candidate sensor repeatability, sensitivity, linearity, cross-interferences, drift, and comparability against reference instruments.  
1.2 This practice does not apply to sensors or instruments that remotely measure atmospheric pollutants using open path, lidar, or imaging technology.  
1.3 The evaluation procedures contained in this practice are for sensors that alone or in combination measure outdoor criteria pollutants in ambient air: particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), or nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at concentrations that are relevant to public health.  
1.4 Testing is to be performed by a competent entity able to demonstrate that it operates in conformity with internationally accepted test laboratory quality standards such as ISO/IEC 17025.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2914-15(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Sulfur Dioxide Content of the Atmosphere (West-Gaeke Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sulfur dioxide is a major air pollutant, commonly formed by the combustion of sulfur-bearing fuels. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set primary and secondary air quality standards (7) that are designed to protect the public health and welfare.  
5.2 The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has promulgated exposure limits for sulfur dioxide in workplace atmospheres (8).  
5.3 These methods have been found satisfactory for measuring sulfur dioxide in ambient and workplace atmospheres over the ranges pertinent in 5.1 and 5.2.  
5.4 Method A has been designed to correspond to the EPA-Designated Reference Method (7) for the determination of sulfur dioxide.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the bubbler collection and colorimetric determination of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the ambient or workplace atmosphere.  
1.2 These test methods are applicable for determining SO2 over the range from approximately 25 μg/m3 (0.01 ppm(v)) to 1000 μg/m3 (0.4 ppm(v)), corresponding to a solution concentration of 0.03 μg SO2/mL to 1.3 μg SO2/mL. Beer's law is followed through the working analytical range from 0.02 μg SO2/mL to 1.4 μg SO2/mL.  
1.3 The lower limit of detection is 0.075 μg SO2/mL (1),2 representing an air concentration of 25 μg SO2/m3 (0.01 ppm(v)) in a 30-min sample, or 13 μg SO2/m3 (0.005 ppm(v)) in a 24-h sample.  
1.4 These test methods incorporate sampling for periods between 30 min and 24 h.  
1.5 These test methods describe the determination of the collected (impinged) samples. A Method A and a Method B are described.  
1.6 Method A is preferred over Method B, as it gives the higher sensitivity, but it has a higher blank. Manual Method B is pH-dependent, but is more suitable with spectrometers having a spectral band width greater than 20 nm.
Note 1: These test methods are applicable at concentrations below 25 μg/m3 by sampling larger volumes of air if the absorption efficiency of the particular system is first determined, as described in Annex A4.
Note 2: Concentrations higher than 1000 μg/m3 can be determined by using smaller gas volumes, larger collection volumes, or by suitable dilution of the collected sample with absorbing solution prior to analysis.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 8.3.1, Section 9, and A3.1.3.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D3162-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Carbon Monoxide in the Atmosphere (Continuous Measurement by Nondispersive Infrared Spectrometry)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Determination of carbon monoxide is essential to evaluation of many air pollution concerns and pollution control strategies. This test method derives significance from providing such determination.  
5.2 Carbon monoxide is formed in the process of incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels, and is a constituent of the exhaust of gasoline engines. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set primary and secondary air quality standards for CO that are designed to protect the public health and welfare (3, 4).  
5.3 This test method is suitable for measurements appropriate for the purposes noted in 5.1 and 5.2.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is applicable to the determination of the carbon monoxide (CO) concentration of the atmosphere between 0.6 mg/m3 (0.5 ppm(v)) and 115 mg/m3 (100 ppm(v)). The measuring principle is based on the absorption of infrared radiation by CO in the 4.7 μm region (1).2  
1.2 The test method has a limit of detection of about 0.6 mg/m3 (0.5 ppm(v)) carbon monoxide in air.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values and units in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 9 for additional precautions.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4323-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Hydrogen Sulfide in the Atmosphere by Rate of Change of Reflectance

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Hydrogen sulfide is an odorous substance which is offensive even at low concentrations in the atmosphere and toxic at higher levels. It may be a product of biological processes in the absence of oxygen, as may occur in municipal landfills. It is emitted from geothermal sources, occurs in oil and gas, and may be emitted from industrial processes. Measurement is required for air pollution studies, for pollution control, environmental justice based monitoring, and for plume characterization. This test method is intended for hydrogen sulfide content up to 3000 ppbv. Measurement of hydrogen sulfide above this concentration in gaseous fuels, carbon dioxide or other gaseous matrices is described in Test Method D4084. Equipment described is suitable for fixed site or for mobile monitoring.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the automatic continuous determination of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the atmosphere or in gaseous samples in the range from one part per billion by volume (1 ppb/v) to 3000 ppb/v. Information obtained may be used for air-pollution studies, fence-line monitoring, and other source emission monitoring.  
1.2 The range may be extended by appropriate dilution techniques or by equipment modification.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (See Section 9 for specific safety precautionary statements.)  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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