ASTM D2014/D2014M-20

Standard Test Method for Expansion or Contraction of Coal by the Sole-Heated Oven

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The values determined in this test method indicate to what extent a given coal or coal blend will expand or contract during the carbonization process when evaluated in terms of pertinent experience with other coals and coal blends and processing conditions used in commercial-type coke ovens.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a large-scale laboratory test for obtaining information on the expansion or contraction of coal or coal blends during carbonization under specified conditions. This test method is applicable in the examination of coals or coal blends intended for use in the manufacture of coke.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Jan-2020
• ICS: 73.040 - Coals
• Technical Committee: D05 - Coal and Coke
• Drafting Committee: D05.15 - Metallurgical Properties of Coal and Coke

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2014/D2014M − 20
Standard Test Method for
1
Expansion or Contraction of Coal by the Sole-Heated Oven
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2014/D2014M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Summary of Test Method
1.1 This test method covers a large-scale laboratory test for 3.1 During the test, a measured thickness of coal about
obtaining information on the expansion or contraction of coal 102 mm [4 in.] is heated from the bottom surface while a force
or coal blends during carbonization under specified conditions. corresponding to 15.17 kPa [2.20 psi] is applied to the top
This test method is applicable in the examination of coals or surface through a piston.At the end of the test, the thickness of
coal blends intended for use in the manufacture of coke. the coke is measured by observing the final position of the
piston.
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
4. Significance and Use
values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equiva-
4.1 The values determined in this test method indicate to
lents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each
what extent a given coal or coal blend will expand or contract
system shall be used independently of the other, and values
during the carbonization process when evaluated in terms of
from the two systems shall not be combined.
pertinent experience with other coals and coal blends and
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
processing conditions used in commercial-type coke ovens.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Apparatus
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
5.1 Test Oven Assembly, consisting of the following: either
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
a single-chamber oven having approximately 280 mm [11 in.]
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
width, 610 mm [24 in.] length, and 280 mm [11 in.] depth, or a
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
double-chambered oven with two chambers each having ap-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
proximately 280 mm [11 in.] width, length, and depth; a
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
heating system to heat the charge(s) unidirectionally through
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
the sole according to a controlled program; piston(s) arranged
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
so that a constant load may be applied to the top surface of the
charge; and suitable instrumentation so that appropriate tem-
2. Referenced Documents
peratures and the position of the piston(s) may be measured.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
The auxiliary equipment includes apparatus facilitating the
D2234/D2234M Practice for Collection of a Gross Sample
charging of the oven in a standard manner. The vertical
of Coal
partition of the double-chambered oven may be of 51 mm
D3302 Test Method for Total Moisture in Coal
[2 in.] firebrick tile or equivalent.
5.1.1 Carbonization Chamber:
5.1.1.1 Thesoleshallbeofsiliconcarbidetile,about40 mm
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coal [1.5 in.] thick, 305 mm [12 in.] wide, and extending approxi-
and Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.15 on Metallurgical
mately 75 mm [3 in.] beyond the carbonization chamber at the
Properties of Coal and Coke.
front and back. Side, front, and back walls should be 40 mm
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2020. Published February 2020. Originally
[1.5 in.] firebrick tile or equivalent. It is appropriate to key the
approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as D2014/D2014M – 19.
DOI: 10.1520/D2014_D2014M-20.
sole to the side and back tiles. The top edges of sidewalls shall
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
be held in an adjustable steel framework so that the walls may
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
be made and maintained precisely perpendicular to the sole.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Hole(s) 6.35 mm [0.25 in.] in diameter shall be provided
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C70
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2014/D2014M − 19 D2014/D2014M − 20
Standard Test Method for
1
Expansion or Contraction of Coal by the Sole-Heated Oven
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2014/D2014M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers a large-scale laboratory test for obtaining information on the expansion or contraction of coal or
coal blends during carbonization under specified conditions. This test method is applicable in the examination of coals or coal
blends intended for use in the manufacture of coke.
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated
in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used
independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2234/D2234M Practice for Collection of a Gross Sample of Coal
D3302 Test Method for Total Moisture in Coal
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 During the test, a measured thickness of coal about 102 mm [4 in.] is heated from the bottom surface while a force
corresponding to 15.17 kPa [2.20 psi] is applied to the top surface through a piston. At the end of the test, the thickness of the coke
is measured by observing the final position of the piston.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The values determined in this test method indicate to what extent a given coal or coal blend will expand or contract during
the carbonization process when evaluated in terms of pertinent experience with other coals and coal blends and processing
conditions used in commercial-type coke ovens.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Test Oven Assembly, consisting of the following: either a single-chamber oven having approximately 280 mm [11 in.] width,
610 mm [24 in.] length, and 280 mm [11 in.] depth, or a double-chambered oven with two chambers each having approximately
280 mm [11 in.] width, length, and depth; a heating system to heat the charge(s) unidirectionally through the sole according to a
controlled program; piston(s) arranged so that a constant load may be applied to the top surface of the charge; and suitable
instrumentation so that appropriate temperatures and the position of the piston(s) may be measured. The auxiliary equipment
includes apparatus facilitating the charging of the oven in a standard manner. The vertical partition of the double-chambered oven
may be of 51 mm [2 in.] firebrick tile or equivalent.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coal and Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.15 on Metallurgical Properties
of Coal and Coke.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2019Feb. 1, 2020. Published February 2019February 2020. Originally approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 20102019
as D2014 – 97D2014/D2014M – 19.(2010). DOI: 10.1520/D2014_D2014M-19.10.1520/D2014_D2014M-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D2014/D2014M − 20
5.1.1 Carbonization Chamber:
5.1.1.1 The sole shall be of silicon carbide tile, about 40 mm [1.5 in.] thick, 305 mm [12 in.] wide, and extending approximately
75 mm [3 in.] beyond the carbonization chamber at the front and back. Side, front, and back walls
...