73.040 - Coals
ICS 73.040 Details
Coals
Kohle
Charbon
Premogi
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This document describes a laboratory method for release evaluation of the froth flotation characteristics of hard coal, of particle size less than 0,5 mm. It is applicable to coal in powder form or in the form of a slurry.
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This document specifies the methods for determining the reflectance of vitrinite of coals microscopically on polished surfaces, immersed in oil. The methods are applicable to coals from single seams or coal blends covering the whole range of low-, medium- and high-rank coal. Vitrinite reflectance measurements can be used to characterize the components within blends. Measures can be taken to correct for the vitrinite percentage within each of the components of the blend or to determine the proportion of components in a blend, particularly when the components have dissimilar vitrinite contents. This method necessitates the identification of vitrinite by the analyst. Reflectance measurements on vitrinite, obtained by interpreting the results from an automated system, are outside the scope of this document.
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This document specifies a method for determining the proportions of the maceral groups (and the minerals, if desired) in coals. It is concerned only with determinations made on polished particulate blocks using incident white light. For lower-rank coals, the additional use of the fluorescence mode is necessary to identify liptinites.
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This document specifies methods for preparing a polished particulate block from a sample of crushed coal for analysis by reflected light microscopy. These methods can also be applied to the preparation of a polished, embedded lump of coal.
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This document specifies a method, using a graticule with 20 crossline intersections, for determining the proportions of microlithotypes, carbominerite and minerite in coals. It applies only to determinations made on polished particulate blocks using reflected white light. Additional blue, blue-violet or UV light excitation for better identification of liptinite in fluorescence can be used especially for low rank coals.
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This document defines terms that are used in connection with both maceral and microlithotype analyses, and with the determination of the reflectance of vitrinite. It applies to the terms used in the examination of coal of all ranks and types. This document is not intended to be a comprehensive glossary of coal petrographic terminology, nor does it attempt to provide sufficient information to allow recognition of all the coal components described.
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This document establishes a classification of brown coals and lignites by types on the basis of total moisture mass fraction and tar yield.
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This document specifies reference methods for the size analysis of coal by manual sieving (wet or dry), using test sieves of aperture sizes between 90 mm and 45 μm. A guide to sampling is given in Annex A. This document is applicable to all coals. It is not applicable to coke. In the case of pulverized coal which has been ground so that a high proportion passes through the test sieve of the smallest aperture size, the methods of this document determine only the mass fraction oversize expressed as a percent.
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This document describes a method for the measurement of the swelling properties of hard coal using a dilatometer.
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This document sets out principles and procedures for testing the bias of test samples of coals or cokes, taken according to the ISO 13909 series.
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This document specifies a method for the determination of the gross calorific value of coal and coke at constant volume and at the reference temperature of 25 °C in a combustion vessel calorimeter calibrated by combustion of certified benzoic acid. The result obtained is the gross calorific value of the analysis sample at constant volume with all the water of the combustion products as liquid water. In practice, fuel is burned at constant (atmospheric) pressure and the water is not condensed but is removed as vapour with the flue gases. Under these conditions, the operative heat of combustion is the net calorific value of the fuel at constant pressure. The net calorific value at constant volume can also be used; formulae are given for calculating both values. General principles and procedures for the calibrations and the fuel tests are specified in the main text, whereas those pertaining to the use of a particular type of calorimetric instrument are described in Annexes A to C. Annex D contains checklists for performing calibration and fuel tests using specified types of calorimeters. Annex E gives examples illustrating some of the calculations. Annex F provides guidance around safe use, maintenance and testing of the calorimeter combustion vessel. NOTE Descriptors: solid fuels, coal, coke, tests, determination, calorific value, rules of calculation, calorimetry.
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This document specifies a method of determining the amount of mineral matter in all types of coal, including brown coals and lignites.
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This document specifies a method of determining the total carbon and the total hydrogen in coal and coke, by the Liebig method.
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This document specifies a method of determining the characteristic fusion temperatures of ash from hard coal. NOTE Descriptors: fossil fuels, ash, ashes, tests, high temperature tests, determination, and fusibility.
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This document specifies procedures and requirements for the design and establishment of mechanical samplers for the sampling of coal from moving streams and describes the methods of sampling used. It does not cover mechanical sampling from stationary lots, which is dealt with in ISO 13909-3.
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This document defines methods for estimating overall precision and for deriving values for primary increment variance which can be used to modify the sampling scheme to change the precision. Methods for checking the variance of sample preparation and testing are also described. In this document, formulae are developed which link the variables that contribute to overall sampling precision.
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This document specifies procedures for the mechanical sampling of coal from stationary lots, for example, from wagons, barges, ships and stockpiles. These procedures are to be used when it is not possible to sample the lots during loading or discharge according to ISO 13909-2. Procedures for sample preparation are given in ISO 13909-4. This document is applicable to mechanical sampling from stationary coal lots, to obtain samples from which test samples for the determination of moisture, and for general analysis including physical and chemical tests, can be prepared in accordance with the requirements and recommendations set out in ISO 13909-4. In this document, the principles and procedures for designing a sampling scheme are given, together with typical examples of applications; in addition, practices for the execution of sampling in different sampling situations are described. The methods described are limited to those on which it is possible to conduct a test for bias.
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This document specifies procedures and requirements for the design and establishment of sampling schemes for the mechanical sampling of coke from moving streams and the methods of sampling used. The diversity of types of equipment for sampling and the conditions under which mechanical sampling is performed make it inappropriate to specify standard designs for samplers which will be applicable to all situations.
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This document describes the preparation of samples of coke from the combination of primary increments to the preparation of samples for specific tests.
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This document describes the preparation of samples of coal from the combination of primary increments to the preparation of samples for specific tests.
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This document defines the basic terms used in the sampling of coal and coke, describes the general principles of sampling and details the information to be provided in the documentation and the sampling report. It also lists the other parts of the ISO 13909 series and gives guidance on the selection of the appropriate part. The ISO 13909 series also includes sampling of brown coals and lignites.
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This document specifies a procedure for the determination of the total cadmium mass fraction of coal.
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This document describes the extraction from coal by dilute hydrochloric acid and determination of extractable sodium, potassium, calcium, iron and magnesium.
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This document specifies a method using Eschka's mixture during ashing, extraction of the ash residue with acid, and hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry or hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry, for the determination of arsenic and selenium in solid mineral fuels. The method is also applicable for the determination of the analytes by hydride generation inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry.
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This document specifies a reduced molybdophosphate photometric method for the determination of the total phosphorus mass fraction of hard coal, lignites and coke. Two methods for taking the phosphorus into solution are specified, namely extraction from the coal or coke ash with acid or by repeated oxidation of the coal or coke, by acid, to remove carbonaceous matter.
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This document specifies a method of determining the mass fraction of acetone-soluble material (“resinous substance”) in the benzene-soluble extract from brown coals and lignites. NOTE The acetone extract also contains a mass fraction of wax dissolved simultaneously with the "resinous substance".
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This document specifies a method for obtaining a relative measure of the plastic behaviour of hard coal when heated under prescribed conditions. The method is used to obtain values of the plastic properties of coals and blends used in carbonization and in other situations where determination of plastic behaviour of coals is of practical importance. NOTE The empirical nature of this test requires proper equipment calibration to produce fluidity readings which are a true indication of the relative plastic behaviour of the coal.
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This document specifies a method of determining the total carbon and the total hydrogen in coal and coke by a high temperature combustion method.
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This document specifies methods of determining the sulfate and pyritic sulfur mass fraction of coals, and of calculating the amount of organic sulfur present.
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This document specifies the Gray-King coke method of assessing the caking power of hard coal under standard conditions.
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This document specifies a procedure for the determination of the total mercury mass fraction of coal.
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This document specifies a method for the determination of the moisture in the analysis sample of brown coals and lignites using an indirect gravimetric method.
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This document specifies two methods for determination of the total moisture of brown coals and lignites using an indirect gravimetric single-stage method and a two-stage method.
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This document specifies a method for determining the swelling properties of hard coal when heated in a covered crucible. NOTE The "crucible swelling number" (CSN) is also known as the "free swelling index" (FSI).
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This document specifies an alternative method of determining the total sulfur mass fraction of coal and coke by high-temperature combustion by Coulomb titration.
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This document specifies a method for the determination of total carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen in coal and coke by instrumental methods. NOTE This document has been validated for coal only, in accordance with the principles of ISO 5725-1. The suite of samples used in the interlaboratory study (ILS) to determine the precision data did not include coke and therefore there is insufficient data to state precision limits for coke.
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This document sets out a laboratory procedure for the dust testing of higher rank coals. The procedure defines a means of evaluating the dust/moisture relationship characteristic of a coal and a dust extinction moisture (DEM). NOTE In this document, an experimental dust number of 10 has been used in the example given in Annex A.
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This document sets out a laboratory sequential procedure for the froth flotation testing of fine coal, e.g. coal having a particle size of less than 0,5 mm. The procedure provides a means of evaluating the flotation characteristics for coal (expressed as a yield/ash relationship) that can be expected from the froth flotation process. This document does not apply to pulp samples that cannot be dewatered without the use of heat or chemical additives. This document does not apply to procedures for the investigation of flotation kinetics. The test is not intended to provide plant design data. This document is intended to be read in conjunction with ISO 8858-1.
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This document specifies a method of determining the volatile matter of hard coal and of coke. It is not applicable to brown coals and lignites.
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This document defines terms commonly employed in the sampling, testing and analysis of coal (3.39) and coke (3.42). Alternative names are given for several terms. In some cases, the use of the alternative name is deprecated (as indicated).
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This document establishes a practice for the proximate analysis of coal and coke. It is intended for general utilization by the coal industry to provide a basis for comparison of coals and coke and for the determination of fixed carbon.
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This document makes reference to ASTM D1412 as a method of determining the moisture-holding capacity of coal.
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This document provides guidance on methods for taking samples from coal seams in the ground, whether from exploration areas or tenements, or from operating underground or open-cut mines. The following methods are described: a) sampling of small- or large-diameter holes; b) drill cuttings sampling; c) open-cut slot sampling; d) adit, drift or shaft sampling; e) pillar sampling; f) channel sampling; g) strip sampling. This document does not apply to sampling from moving streams in production or any other source of coal that is not in situ. Recommendations are made for selection and preparation of the sampling site, and methods are described for taking both small and bulk samples and for preparing the samples for transport. NOTE Annex A gives an example of a channel sample record form that can be used to record sampling and other relevant data, and ISO 13909 and ISO 18283 describe how to determine the mass of a representative sample at various nominal top sizes.
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This document provides a method for determining the specific surface area of solid materials using gas adsorption. This document is applicable to the determination of specific surface area of coal, and other powder and porous materials including nano-powders and nano-grade porous materials with a determination range of 0,001 m2/g to 1 000 m2/g.
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This document specifies a manual method for the determination of plastometric indices. These indices are the maximum thickness of the plastic layer (Y, mm) and the final contraction value (X, mm). This document is applicable for hard coals with a determined ash level less than 15 % on a dry basis, as described in ISO 11722 and ISO 1171.
- Technical specification26 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies general directions for the apparatus and procedures, using relative density separation methods, for determining the float and sink characteristics of samples from coal seams and of feed, products and rejects from coal preparation plants.
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This document provides guidance and requirements on the selection of methods used for the determination of trace elements in coal. The trace elements of environmental interest include antimony, arsenic, beryllium, boron, cadmium, chlorine, chromium, cobalt, copper, fluorine, lead, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, thallium, vanadium and zinc. The radioactive trace elements thorium and uranium can be added to this list. This document does not prescribe the methods used for the determination of individual trace elements. The analysis of appropriate certified reference materials (CRMs) is essential to confirm the accuracy of any method used (see ISO Guide 33).
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This document specifies methods for the determination of thermal stability and thermal fragmentation of coal. It is applicable to brown coal and lignites, anthracites and bituminous coal with a caking index of zero (determined by ISO 15585).
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This document specifies a method for the determination of plastometric indices with an automated Sapozhnikov penetration plastometer. These indices are the maximum thickness of the plastic layer, Y, in mm, and the final contraction, X, in mm. This document is applicable to hard coals with a determined ash level of less than 15 % as dry basis as described in ISO 11722 and ISO 1171.
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This document specifies the method for determining the reactivity of coal with carbon dioxide (carboxyreactivity). It can be applied to determine the reactivity of coke for the purpose of gasification and combustion.
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