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ASTM D5884-99

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced Geomembranes

Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced Geomembranes

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1.1 This test method covers a uniform procedure for determining the tear strength of flexible geomembranes internally reinforced with a textile, using the tongue tear method.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jun-2001
ICS
59.080.70 - Geotextiles
Technical Committee
D35 - Geosynthetics
Drafting Committee
D35.10 - Geomembranes
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D5884-01 - Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced Geomembranes
Effective Date
10-Jun-2001
Referred By
ASTM D7465/D7465M-15(2023) - Standard Specification for Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (EPDM) Sheet Used In Geomembrane Applications
Effective Date
10-Jun-2001

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ASTM D5884-99 - Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced GeomembranesASTM D5884-99 - Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced Geomembranes
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ASTM D5884-99 - Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced Geomembranes
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 5884 – 99
Standard Test Method for
Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced
Geomembranes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5884; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope and cross-machine directions is determined by measuring the
maximum load when cut specimens of specific dimensions are
1.1 This test method covers a uniform procedure for deter-
tested to failure, by tearing, at a fixed testing displacement rate.
mining the tear strength of flexible geomembranes internally
reinforced with a textile, using the tongue tear method.
5. Significance and Use
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
5.1 Since tear resistance may be affected to a large degree
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
by mechanical fibering of the membrane under stress, as well
information only.
as by stress distribution, strain rate, and size of specimen, the
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
results obtained in a tear resistance test can only be regarded as
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
a measure of the resistance under the conditions of that
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
particular test and not necessarily as having any direct relation
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
to service value. This test method measures the force required
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
to tear a reinforced geomembrane along a reasonably defined
2. Referenced Documents course such as that the tear propagates across the width of the
specimen. The values may vary between types of reinforce-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ment used within a geomembrane.
D 4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics for Testing
2 5.2 The tongue tear method is useful for estimating the
D 4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
relative tear resistance of different reinforcing textiles or
D 4533 Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing Strength of
different directions in the same reinforcing textiles.
Geotextiles
5.3 Disputes—In case of a dispute arising from differences
3. Terminology in reported test results when using this test method for
acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if
3.1.1 atmosphere for testing geosynthetics, n—air main-
there is a statistical difference between their laboratories.
tained at a relative humidity between 50 to 70 % and a
temperature of 21 6 2°C (70 6 4°F). (See Terminology
6. Apparatus
D 4439.)
6.1 The machine shall consist of three main parts:
3.1.2 geomembrane, n—an essentially impermeable geo-
6.1.1 Straining Mechanism—A machine wherein the speci-
synthetic composed of one or more synthetic sheets. (See
men is held between the two clamps and strained by a uniform
Terminology D 4439.)
movement of the pulling clamp shall be used. Unless otherwise
3.1.3 reinforced geomembrane—a geomembrane internally
specified in the material specification, the machine shall be
reinforced with a textile.
adjusted so that the pulling clamp shall have a uniform speed
3.1.4 tearing strength, (F, (F), kN), n—the force required
of 5 6 0.2 mm/s (12 6 0.5 in./min).
either to start or to continue or propagate a tear in a fabric
6.1.2 Clamps for Holding Specimen—The clamps for hold-
under specified conditions. (See Terminology D 4439 and Test
ing a reinforced flexible geomembrane specimen shall have
Method D 4533.)
metallic gripping surfaces sufficiently smooth, flat, and parallel
4. Summary of Test Method as to prevent the test specimen from slipping or moving
between the gripping surfaces when held under the pressure
4.1 The tensile tear strength of a membrane in both machine
normal to operation. The dimension of all gripping surfaces
shall measure 25 by 50 mm (1 by 2 in.) or more with the long
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-35 on
dimension perpendicular to this direction of application of the
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomem-
load. All edges that might cause a cutting action shall be
branes.
Current edition approved Jan. 10, 1999. Published May 1999. Originally
rounded to a radius of not over 0.4 mm ( ⁄64 in.). The design of
published as D5884–95. Last previous edition D5884–95
the clamp shall be such that one gripping surface shall be an
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.09.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 5884
integral part of the rigid frame of the clamp while the other
shall be on a part hinged or swiveled to the movable member
of the clamp. The pressure between the gripping surfaces,
sufficient to clamp the specimen firmly before testing load is
applied and to prevent slippage during the progress of the test,
shall be secured by any suitably constructed mechanical device
operating on the movable member of the clamp. The distance
between the clamps at the start of the test shall be 75 mm (3
in.).
6.1.3 Load and Elongation Recording Mechanism(s)—
Calibrated dial, scale, or chart to indicate applied load and
elongation. Unless otherwise specified for load determination,
the machine shall be adjusted or set so that the load required to
tear the specimen will remain
...

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4.1 The use of reinforced geomembranes as barrier materials has created a need for a standard test method to evaluate the quality of seams produced by thermo-fusion methods. This test method is used for quality control purposes and is intended to provide quality control and quality assurance personnel with data to evaluate seam quality.  
4.2 This standard arose from the need for a destructive test method for evaluating seams of reinforced geomembranes. Standards written for destructive testing of nonreinforced geomembranes do not include all break codes (Fig. 1) applicable to reinforced geomembranes.
FIG. 1 Break Codes for Dual Hot Wedge and Hot Air Seams of Reinforced Geomembranes Tested for Seam Strength in Shear and Peel Modes  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes destructive quality control tests used to determine the integrity of thermo-fusion seams made with reinforced geomembranes. Test procedures are described for seam tests for peel and shear properties using strip specimens.  
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1.3 The types of materials covered by this test method include, but are not limited to, reinforced geomembranes made from the following polymers:  
1.3.1 Very low-density polyethylene (VLDPE).  
1.3.2 Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE).  
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1.3.4 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC).  
1.3.5 Chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE).  
1.3.6 Ethylene interpolymer alloy (EIA).  
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5.2 Failure mechanisms on this test may be different compared to other relatively small-scale index tests and may be beneficial for design purposes.  
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5.4 For applications where geomembranes cannot be deformed in the fashion this test method prescribes, this test method should be considered an index test.  
5.5 Due to the time involved to perform this test, it is not considered practical as a quality control test.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the out-of-plane response of a geomembrane to a force that is applied perpendicular to the initial plane of the sample.  
1.2 When the geomembrane deforms to a prescribed geometric shape (arc of a sphere or ellipsoid), formulations are provided to convert the test data to biaxial tensile stress-strain values. These formulations cannot be used for other geometric shapes. With other geometric shapes, comparative data on deformation versus pressure is obtained.  
1.3 This test method requires a large-diameter pressure vessel (610 mm). Information obtained from this test method may be more appropriate for design purposes than many small-scale index tests.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5101-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Filtration Compatibility of Soil-Geotextile Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is recommended for the evaluation of the performance of water-saturated soil-geotextile systems under unidirectional flow conditions. The results obtained may be used as an indication of the compatibility of the soil-geotextile system with respect to both particle retention and flow capacity.  
5.2 This test method is intended to evaluate the performance of specific on-site soils and geotextiles at the design stage of a project, or to provide qualitative data that may help identify causes of failure (for example, clogging, particle loss). It is not appropriate for acceptance testing of geotextiles. It is also improper to utilize the results from this test for job specifications or manufacturers' certifications.  
5.3 This test method is intended for site-specific investigation therefore is not an index property of the geotextile, and thus is not intended to be requested of the manufacturer or supplier of the geotextile.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers performance tests applicable for determining the compatibility of geotextiles with various types of water-saturated soils under unidirectional flow conditions.  
1.2 Two evaluation methods may be used to investigate soil-geotextile filtration behavior, depending on the soil type:  
1.2.1 For soils with a plasticity index lower than 5, the systems compatibility shall be evaluated per this standard.  
1.2.2 For soils with a plasticity index of 5 or more, it is recommended to use Test Method D5567 (‘HCR,’ Hydraulic Conductivity Ratio) instead of this test method.  
1.2.3 If the plasticity index of the soil is close to 5, the involved parties shall agree on the selection of the appropriate method prior to conducting the test. This task may require comparison of the permeability of the soil-geotextile system to the detection limits of the HCR and Gradient Ratio Test (GRT) test apparatus being used.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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