ASTM D5887/D5887M-23
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measurement of Index Flux Through Saturated Geosynthetic Clay Liner Specimens Using a Flexible Wall Permeameter
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Index Flux Through Saturated Geosynthetic Clay Liner Specimens Using a Flexible Wall Permeameter
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method yields the flux of water through a saturated GCL specimen that is consolidated, hydrated, and permeated under a prescribed set of conditions.
5.2 This test method can be performed to determine if the flux of a GCL specimen exceeds the maximum value stated by the manufacturer.
5.3 This test method can be used to determine the variation in flux within a sample of GCL by testing a number of different specimens.
5.4 This test method does not provide a flux value to be used directly in design calculations.
Note 1: Flux for in-service conditions depends on a number of factors, including confining pressure, type of hydration fluid, degree of hydration, degree of saturation, type of permeating fluid, and hydraulic gradient. Correlation between flux values obtained with this test method and flux through GCLs subjected to in-service conditions has not been fully investigated.
5.5 This test method does not provide a value of hydraulic conductivity. Although hydraulic conductivity can be determined in a manner similar to the method described in this test method, the thickness of the specimen is needed to calculate hydraulic conductivity. This test method does not include procedures for measuring the thickness of the GCL nor of the clay component within the GCL. Refer to Appendix X2 for calculation of hydraulic conductivity.
5.6 The apparatus used in this test method is commonly used to determine the hydraulic conductivity of soil specimens. However, flux values measured in this test are typically much lower than those commonly measured for most natural soils. It is essential that the leakage rate of the apparatus used in this test be less than 10 % of the flux.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an index test that covers laboratory measurement of flux through saturated geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) specimens using a flexible wall permeameter.
1.2 This test method is applicable to GCL products having geotextile backing(s). It is not applicable to GCL products with geomembrane backing(s), geofilm backing(s), or polymer coating backing(s).
1.3 This test method provides a measurement of flux under a prescribed set of conditions that can be used for manufacturing quality control. The test method can also be used to check conformance. The flux value determined using this test method is not considered to be representative of the in-service flux of GCLs.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5887/D5887M − 23
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Index Flux Through Saturated Geosynthetic
1
Clay Liner Specimens Using a Flexible Wall Permeameter
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5887/D5887M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers an index test that covers
D374/D374M Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electri-
laboratory measurement of flux through saturated geosynthetic
cal Insulation
clay liner (GCL) specimens using a flexible wall permeameter.
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
1.2 This test method is applicable to GCL products having
Fluids
geotextile backing(s). It is not applicable to GCL products with
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water
geomembrane backing(s), geofilm backing(s), or polymer coat-
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
ing backing(s).
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
1.3 This test method provides a measurement of flux under D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-
a prescribed set of conditions that can be used for manufactur-
ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and
ing quality control. The test method can also be used to check
Construction Materials Testing
conformance. The flux value determined using this test method
E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-
is not considered to be representative of the in-service flux of
Ventilation Ovens
GCLs.
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
3. Terminology
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to
3.1 Definitions:
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
3.1.1 flux, n—the rate of discharge of water under laminar
used independently of the other, and values from the two
flow conditions through a unit cross-sectional area of a GCL
systems shall not be combined.
specimen.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.2 geosynthetic clay liner (GCL), n—a factory-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
manufactured geosynthetic hydraulic barrier consisting of clay
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
supported by geotextiles or geomembranes, or both, that are
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
held together by needling, stitching, or chemical adhesives.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.3 index test, n—a test procedure that may contain a bias,
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
but that may be used to establish an order for a set of specimens
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
with respect to the property of interest.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- 3.1.4 For definitions of other terms used in this test method,
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical see Terminologies D653 and D4439.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method involves permeation of a 100 mm
[4 in.] diameter GCL test specimen. The specimen is set up in
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosyn-
2
thetic Clay Liners. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2023. Published November 2023. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2022 as D5887/D5887M – 22a. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D5887_D5887M-23. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5887/D5887M − 23
a flexible wall permeameter and subjected to a total stress of computed ratio is accurate to within 65 %. The head loss shall
550 kPa [80 psi] and a back pressure of 515 kPa [75 psi] for a be measured with a pressure gauge, electronic pressure
peri
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5887/D5887M − 22a D5887/D5887M − 23
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Index Flux Through Saturated Geosynthetic
1
Clay Liner Specimens Using a Flexible Wall Permeameter
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5887/D5887M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers an index test that covers laboratory measurement of flux through saturated geosynthetic clay liner
(GCL) specimens using a flexible wall permeameter.
1.2 This test method is applicable to GCL products having geotextile backing(s). It is not applicable to GCL products with
geomembrane backing(s), geofilm backing(s), or polymer coating backing(s).
1.3 This test method provides a measurement of flux under a prescribed set of conditions that can be used for manufacturing
quality control. The test method can also be used to check conformance. The flux value determined using this test method is not
considered to be representative of the in-service flux of GCLs.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used
independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D374/D374M Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insulation
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and Construction
Materials Testing
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosynthetic Clay
Liners.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2022Nov. 1, 2023. Published October 2022November 2023. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2022 as
D5887/D5887M – 22.D5887/D5887M – 22a. DOI: 10.1520/D5887_D5887M-22A.10.1520/D5887_D5887M-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5887/D5887M − 23
E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 flux, n—the rate of discharge of water under laminar flow conditions through a unit cross-sectional area of a GCL specimen.
3.1.2 geosynthetic clay liner (GCL), n—a factory-manufactured geosynthetic hydraulic barrier consisting of clay supported by
geotextiles or geomembranes, or both, that are held together by needling, stitching, or chemical adhesives.
3.1.3 index test, n—a test procedure that may contain a bias, but that may be used to establish an order for a set of specimens with
respect to the property of interest.
3.1.4 For definitions of other terms used in this test method, see Terminologies D653 and D4439.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method involves permeation of a 100-mm [4-in.]100 mm [4 in.] diameter GCL test specimen. The specimen is set
up in a flexible wall permeameter and subjected to a t
...
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