ASTM D6543-14
(Guide)Standard Guide to the Evaluation of Measurements Made by Online Coal Analyzers
Standard Guide to the Evaluation of Measurements Made by Online Coal Analyzers
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Online analyzers are used to provide quality data on lots of coal. The resulting quality data are used as a production tool or for some contractual application. This guide provides the means of evaluating the analyzer system and the data produced.
5.2 Become familiar with the document's terminology and layout. The section on test design and data collection will provide the means by which all the analysis data will be gathered. The test should be carefully designed to ensure the user’s requirements are met.
5.3 The procedures defined in this guide can be used to estimate the accuracy and precision of an online analyzer, (1) to conduct acceptance testing following installation and (2) to monitor the accuracy and precision (a) during routine use (quality control), (b) when significant changes are made to the analyzer, and (c) when a significant change in the coal being analyzed occurs (e.g., a different seam at a mine, or a new coal source at a power plant). These procedures can also be used for calibration purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides techniques to be used for the evaluation of the measurement performance of online coal analyzers.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D6543 − 14
StandardGuide to
the Evaluation of Measurements Made by Online Coal
1
Analyzers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6543; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.3 Grubbs estimator, n—an estimate of the measurement
4
precision of an online analyzer (1-3).
1.1 This guide provides techniques to be used for the
3.1.4 online analyzer, n—an analytical tool consisting of an
evaluation of the measurement performance of online coal
instrumentandsystems,whichtogetherprovidemeasurements,
analyzers.
or estimates, or both, of coal quality parameters.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.5 outlier, n—an extreme value that statistical tests indi-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
cate to be far enough from other results in a population under
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
consideration to cause suspicion that the value is not a member
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
of the population.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.6 reference material, n—material of stable composition
2. Referenced Documents that may be used to generate static analyzer measurements.
2
3.1.7 reference system, n—a measurement system used to
2.1 ASTM Standards:
measure the characteristics of a lot of coal that are also
D2013 Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for Analysis
measured by an online analyzer, and against which the online
D2234/D2234M Practice for Collection of a Gross Sample
analyzer measurements are compared.
of Coal
D6518 Practice for Bias Testing a Mechanical Coal Sam- 3.1.8 standardization, n—calibration of an instrument to a
3
pling System (Withdrawn 2008)
reference material using static stability measurements.
D7430 Practice for Mechanical Sampling of Coal
3.1.9 static stability, n—an estimate of the measurement
E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
precision of an instrument obtained on material that is not
moving. The estimate normally is expressed as the standard
3. Terminology
deviation and average of the measurements for a given period
of time.
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 analyzer system, n—a coal quality measurement sys- 3.1.10 synchronization error, n—an error that occurs from
tem which includes an online coal analyzer and which may
comparing measurements made by an online analyzer and a
include one or more stages of a coal-sampling system. reference system that are not measuring exactly the same lot
because of temporal and/or spatial offsets.
3.1.2 calibration, n—mathematical modeling of analyzer
and comparative coal sampling and analysis data. Factors from
4. Summary of Guide
the model are used in the online analyzer control software.
4.1 This guide describes how to measure performance of an
online analyzer using comparative measurements. The perfor-
mance evaluation consists of a paired comparison of analyses
from a reference method using ASTM sampling, sample
preparation, and analysis methods for several lots of coal with
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coal and
the analyses from the online analyzer for the same lots of coal.
Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.23 on Sampling.
Current edition approved March 1, 2014. Published May 2014. Originally
The data resulting from the comparative test may be evaluated
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D6543–00(2012).
using graphical and statistical techniques outlined below.
DOI: 10.1520/D6543-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4.2 Varioustechniquesarerecommendedbyonlineanalyzer
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
manufacturers for standardization or static testing. These
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3
4
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
www.astm.org. this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D6543 − 14
techniques are useful for establishing a benchmark before 6.1.4.6 Power disturbances.
conducting a comparative test. These techniques may also be
6.2 Static Stability Measurements for Baseline
used as diagnostic tests in accordance with methods recom-
Assessment—A reference material may be us
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D6543 − 00 (Reapproved 2012) D6543 − 14
Standard Guide to
the Evaluation of Measurements Made by Online Coal
1
Analyzers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6543; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Editorial changes were made throughout in March 2013.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide provides techniques to be used for the evaluation of the measurement performance of online coal analyzers.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D121 Terminology of Coal and Coke
D2013 Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for Analysis
D2234/D2234M Practice for Collection of a Gross Sample of Coal
3
D4702 Practice for Quality Management of Mechanical Coal Sampling Systems (Withdrawn 2008)
3
D6518 Practice for Bias Testing a Mechanical Coal Sampling System (Withdrawn 2008)
E177D7430 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test MethodsMechanical Sampling of Coal
E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 analyzer system, n—a coal quality measurement system which includes an online coal analyzer and which may include
one or more stages of a coal-sampling system.
3.1.2 calibration, n—mathematical modeling of analyzer and comparative coal sampling and analysis data. Factors from the
model are used in the online analyzer control software.
4
3.1.3 Grubbs estimator, n—an estimate of the measurement precision of an online analyzer (1-3).
3.1.4 online analyzer, n—an analytical tool consisting of an instrument and systems, which together provide measurements, or
estimates, or both, of coal quality parameters.
3.1.5 outlier, n—an extreme value that statistical tests indicate to be far enough from other results in a population under
consideration to cause suspicion that the value is not a member of the population.
3.1.6 reference material, n—material of stable composition that may be used to generate static analyzer measurements.
3.1.7 reference system, n—a measurement system used to measure the characteristics of a lot of coal that are also measured by
an online analyzer, and against which the online analyzer measurements are compared.
3.1.8 standardization, n—calibration of an instrument to a reference material using static stability measurements.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coal and Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.23 on Sampling.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2012March 1, 2014. Published November 2012May 2014. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 20062012
as D6543–00(2006).D6543–00(2012). DOI: 10.1520/D6543-00R12E01.10.1520/D6543-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
4
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6543 − 14
3.1.9 static stability, n—an estimate of the measurement precision of an instrument obtained on material that is not moving. The
estimate normally is expressed as the standard deviation and average of the measurements for a given period of time.
3.1.10 synchronization error, n—an error that occurs from comparing measurements made by an online analyzer and a reference
system that are not measuring exactly the same lot because of temporal and/or spatial offsets.
4. Summary of Guide
4.1 This guide outlines the evaluation of the measurement describes how to measure performance of an online analyzer using
comparative measurements. The comparative test uses performance evaluation consists
...
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