ASTM D4179-11

Standard Test Method for Single Pellet Crush Strength of Formed Catalysts and Catalyst Carriers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is intended to provide information concerning the ability of a catalyst shape to retain physical integrity during use.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determining the resistance of formed catalysts and catalyst carriers to compressive force and is applicable to regular catalyst shapes such as tablets and spheres. Extrudates, granular materials, and other irregular shapes are specifically excluded.
1.2 This test method determines the average crush strength in the range from 0 to 50 lbf (0 to 220 N). Some materials may have crush strengths above 50 lbf (220N); the test method is applicable to these materials, but the precision of the test is not known.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2011
• ICS: 71.040.30 - Chemical reagents
• Technical Committee: D32 - Catalysts
• Drafting Committee: D32.02 - Physical-Mechanical Properties

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D4179-01(2006) - Standard Test Method for Single Pellet Crush Strength of Formed Catalyst Shapes
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2011

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4179 − 11
Standard Test Method for
Single Pellet Crush Strength of Formed Catalysts and
1
Catalyst Carriers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4179; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.1 This test method covers determining the resistance of
formed catalysts and catalyst carriers to compressive force and
3. Terminology
is applicable to regular catalyst shapes such as tablets and
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
spheres. Extrudates, granular materials, and other irregular
3.1.1 pellets—any catalyst shape—tablets, spheres, or other
shapes are specifically excluded.
similar configuration—that is not otherwise excluded from the
1.2 This test method determines the average crush strength
scope of this test method.
intherangefrom0to50lbf(0to220N).Somematerialsmay
3.1.2 tablets—tableted cylindrical catalyst particles, either
have crush strengths above 50 lbf (220N); the test method is
solid or hollow core, with lengths that do not vary from the
applicabletothesematerials,buttheprecisionofthetestisnot
mean by more than 610%.
known.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
4.1 Individualpelletstakenfromarepresentativesampleare
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
placed between two flat surfaces, subjected to a compressive
and are not considered standard.
load,andtheforcerequiredtocrushthepelletismeasured.The
procedure is replicated and the average of all measurements
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
taken is determined.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Significance and Use
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.1 This test method is intended to provide information
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
concerning the ability of a catalyst shape to retain physical
2. Referenced Documents
integrity during use.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6. Apparatus
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
6.1 A suitable compression testing device is required, con-
ASTM Test Methods
sisting of the following:
E456Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
6.1.1 Calibrated Gauge, marked for direct reading of the
force in pounds (newtons). Additionally, a suitable system
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D32 on
(mechanical,hydraulic,orpneumatic)mustbeprovidedsothat
Catalysts and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D32.02 on Physical-
the rate of force application is both uniform and controllable
Mechanical Properties.
within specified limits.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011. Published November 2011. Originally
6.1.2 Tool Steel Anvils, between which the sample will be
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D4179–01(2006).
DOI: 10.1520/D4179-11.
crushed. The faces of the tool steel anvils shall be smooth and
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
free from recesses or ridges that would interfere with uniform
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
contact along the major axis of the pellet.When testing tablets
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. or spheres, the anvils may be of any convenient size or shape
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4179 − 11
traceabletotheNationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology,
or other similar authority.
9. Procedure
9.1 Remove from the desiccator only that number of pellets
that can be tested within a 10-min period. (Warning—Ensure
that moisture pick-up in the 10-min period will not signifi-
cantly affect the pellet crush strength.)
9.2 Place a single catalyst pellet between the anvils of the
compression testing device. Orient each pellet in the same
direction before crushing. For those pellets capable of being
tested in different orientations, report the one used. Fig. 1
shows pellets in radial and axial orientations. Use tweezers,
forceps, or other suitable device or procedure to prevent the
transfer of moisture from the operator’s hands to the piece
being tested.
9.3 Apply increasing force at a uniform rate in the ra
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4179–01 (Reapproved 2006) Designation: D4179 – 11
Standard Test Method for
Single Pellet Crush Strength of Formed Catalysts and
1
Catalyst ShapesCarriers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4179; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1This test method covers determining the resistance of formed catalysts to compressive force and is applicable to regular
catalyst shapes such as tablets and spheres. Extrudates, granular materials, and other irregular shapes are specifically excluded.
1.2This test method determines the average crush strength in the range from 0 to 50 lbf (0 to 220 N).
1.1 This test method covers determining the resistance of formed catalysts and catalyst carriers to compressive force and is
applicable to regular catalyst shapes such as tablets and spheres. Extrudates, granular materials, and other irregular shapes are
specifically excluded.
1.2 Thistestmethoddeterminestheaveragecrushstrengthintherangefrom0to50lbf(0to220N).Somematerialsmayhave
crush strengths above 50 lbf (220N); the test method is applicable to these materials, but the precision of the test is not known.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 pellets—any catalyst shape—tablets, spheres, or other similar configuration—that is not otherwise excluded from the
scope of this test method.
3.1.2 tablets—tableted cylindrical catalyst particles, either solid or hollow core, with lengths that do not vary from the mean
by more than 610%.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Individualpelletstakenfromarepresentativesampleareplacedbetweentwoflatsurfaces,subjectedtoacompressiveload,
and the force required to crush the pellet is measured. The procedure is replicated and the average of all measurements taken is
determined.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is intended to provide information concerning the ability of a catalyst shape to retain physical integrity
during use.
6. Apparatus
6.1 A suitable compression testing device is required, consisting of the following:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D32 on Catalysts and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D32.02 on Physical-Mechanical
Properties.
Current edition approved AprilOct. 1, 2006.2011. Published April 2006.November 2011. Originally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 20012006 as
D4179–01(2006). DOI: 10.1520/D4179-01R06.10.1520/D4179-11.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,[e-mail] Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4179 – 11
6.1.1 Calibrated Gauge, marked for direct reading of the force in pounds (newtons). Additionally, a suitable system
(mechanical,hydraulic,orpneumatic)mustbeprovidedsothattherateofforceapplicationisbothuniformandcontrollablewithin
specified limits.
6.1.2 Tool Steel Anvils, between which the sample will be crushed. The faces of the tool steel anvils shall be smooth and free
fromrecessesorridgesthatwouldinterferewithuniformcontactalongthemajoraxisofthepellet.Whentestingtabletsorspheres,
the anvils may be of any convenient size or shape as long as their length and width are greater than the corresponding dimensions
of the tablet or pellet being tested (see Fig. 1).
7. Sampl
...