ASTM D4179-01(2006)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Single Pellet Crush Strength of Formed Catalyst Shapes
Standard Test Method for Single Pellet Crush Strength of Formed Catalyst Shapes
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is intended to provide information concerning the ability of a catalyst shape to retain physical integrity during use.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determining the resistance of formed catalysts to compressive force and is applicable to regular catalyst shapes such as tablets and spheres. Extrudates, granular materials, and other irregular shapes are specifically excluded.
1.2 This test method determines the average crush strength in the range from 0 to 50 lbf (0 to 220 N).
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound unts are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI unts that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:D4179–01 (Reapproved 2006)
Standard Test Method for
Single Pellet Crush Strength of Formed Catalyst Shapes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4179; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Summary of Test Method
1.1 This test method covers determining the resistance of 4.1 Individualpelletstakenfromarepresentativesampleare
formed catalysts to compressive force and is applicable to placed between two flat surfaces, subjected to a compressive
regular catalyst shapes such as tablets and spheres. Extrudates, load,andtheforcerequiredtocrushthepelletismeasured.The
granular materials, and other irregular shapes are specifically procedure is replicated and the average of all measurements
excluded. taken is determined.
1.2 This test method determines the average crush strength
5. Significance and Use
in the range from 0 to 50 lbf (0 to 220 N).
5.1 This test method is intended to provide information
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical concerning the ability of a catalyst shape to retain physical
integrity during use.
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard.
6. Apparatus
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
6.1 A suitable compression testing device is required, con-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
sisting of the following:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
6.1.1 Calibrated Gauge, marked for direct reading of the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
force in pounds (newtons). Additionally, a suitable system
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
(mechanical,hydraulic,orpneumatic)mustbeprovidedsothat
2. Referenced Documents
the rate of force application is both uniform and controllable
within specified limits.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in 6.1.2 Tool Steel Anvils, between which the sample will be
ASTM Test Methods crushed. The faces of the tool steel anvils shall be smooth and
free from recesses or ridges that would interfere with uniform
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to contact along the major axis of the pellet.When testing tablets
or spheres, the anvils may be of any convenient size or shape
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
as long as their length and width are greater than the corre-
3. Terminology
sponding dimensions of the tablet or pellet being tested (see
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: Fig. 1).
3.1.1 pellets—any catalyst shape—tablets, spheres, or other
7. Sampling
similar configuration—that is not otherwise excluded from the
scope of this test method. 7.1 A test sample of 50 to 200 individual pieces shall be
obtained from larger composites by riffling or splitting in
3.1.2 tablets—tableted cylindrical catalyst particles, either
solid or hollow core, with lengths that do not vary from the accordance with STP447A, (paragraph 5.12) with the aim of
obtaining a representative sample that represents shape and
mean by more than 610%.
sizedistributionofthelargercomposite.Thesizeofthesample
shall depend on the precision required and the homogeneity of
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D32 on
the material being tested.
Catalysts and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D32.02 on Physical-
Mechanical Properties. 7.2 Heat the test sample(s) at 400 6 15°C for not less than
Current edition approved April 1, 2006. Published April 2006. Originally
3 h. Normally, this treatment can take place in air; however, in
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D4179–01. DOI:
the case of materials that might react with air at elevated
10.1520/D4179-01R06.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on STP 447A, Manual on Test Sieving Methods, ASTM International, West
the ASTM website. Conshohocken, PA 19428.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D4179–01 (2006)
9.4 Read and record, to the nearest one-half graduation, the
force indicated on the calibrated dial of the apparatus at the
instant of collapse.
9.5 Separate the anvils and remove all residue with a soft
cloth or brush. Ensure that the faces of the anvils are free from
adhering particles.
9.6 Repeat steps 9.2 through 9.5 until all pellets in the
sample have been crushed. Record the crush strength for each
pellet tested.
10. Calculation
¯
10.1 Calculatetheaveragecrushstrength( X),retainingone
more decimal place than the recorded values, as follows:
¯
Xlbf ~N! 5 ~(X!/~n! (1)
where:
(X = the sum of all observed crush strengths and
n = the number of pellets crushed.
10.2 Calculate the standard deviation of the n readings to
FIG. 1 Radial and Axial Crush
three significant digits as follows:
¯
( ~X 2 X!
S 5 lbf ~N! (2)
Œ
n 21
temperatures (such a
...
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