ASTM C1182-09

Standard Test Method for Determining the Particle Size Distribution of Alumina by Centrifugal Photosedimentation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Manufacturers and users of alumina powders will find this test method useful to determine the particle size distribution of these materials for product specification, quality control, and research and development testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the particle size distribution of alumina in the range from 0.1 to 20 μm having a median particle diameter from 0.5 to 5.0 μm.
1.2 The procedure described in this test method may be successfully applied to other ceramic powders in this general size range. It is the responsibility of the user to determine the applicability of this test method to other material.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-2008
• ICS: 81.060.10 - Raw materials
• Technical Committee: C21 - Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products
• Drafting Committee: C21.04 - Raw Materials

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C1182-91(2007) - Standard Test Method for Determining the Particle Size Distribution of Alumina by Centrifugal Photosedimentation
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2009
• Replaced By: ASTM C1182-09(2014) - Standard Test Method for Determining the Particle Size Distribution of Alumina by Centrifugal Photosedimentation
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2014

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C1182 − 09
StandardTest Method for
Determining the Particle Size Distribution of Alumina by
1
Centrifugal Photosedimentation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1182; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A homogeneous aqueous dispersion of the powder is
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the particle
prepared. While kept in a thoroughly mixed condition, a small
size distribution of alumina in the range from 0.1 to 20 µm
aliquot is transferred to the analyzer sample cell, which is
having a median particle diameter from 0.5 to 5.0 µm.
placed in the instrument and subjected to a controlled centrifu-
1.2 The procedure described in this test method may be
gal acceleration at a known or controlled temperature. At
successfully applied to other ceramic powders in this general
predetermined times related to the sedimentation of specific
size range. It is the responsibility of the user to determine the
Stokes’ diameters (Note 1), the optical absorbance is recorded
applicability of this test method to other material.
and ratioed to the initial value to determine the fraction of the
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to regarded as the
total sample that has sedimented a specific distance.Avolume
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
based size distribution is calculated from the absorbance-time
only.
data. Since alumina particles are not truly spherical, the results
are reported as equivalent diameters (spherical) (Note 2).
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
NOTE 1—This diameter in micrometres is referred to as D in the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
equation:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
18 n ~H/t!
2 8
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. D 5 310 (1)
2
ρ 2 ρ u
~ !
s f
where:
2. Referenced Documents
2 n = viscosity of the fluid, P,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
H = height of the settling particles, cm,
C242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related
t = time for particle to settle, s,
Products
3
ρ = particle density, g/cm ,
s
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
3
ρ = fluid density, g/cm , and
f
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
u = the rotational velocity, cm/s.
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
NOTE 2—Refer to Terminology C242 for the ASTM definition of this
ASTM Test Methods
term. Most equipment manufacturers refer to this as the equivalent
spherical diameter.
3. Terminology
4.2 The instruments that have been found suitable for this
test method incorporate microcomputers that control instru-
3.1 Definitions:
ment operation and perform all required data acquisition and
3.1.1 Refer to Terminology C242 for definitions of terms
computation functions.
used in this test method.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Manufacturers and users of alumina powders will find
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC21onCeramic
this test method useful to determine the particle size distribu-
Whitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C21.04 on Raw Materials.
tion of these materials for product specification, quality
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2009. Published February 2009. Originally
control, and research and development testing.
approvedin1991.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2007asC1182–91(2007).DOI:
10.1520/C1182-09.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 6. Apparatus
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.1 Centrifugal Particle Size Distribution Analyzer—The
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. analyzer shall incorporate a centrifuge capable of subjecting a
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1182 − 09
homogeneous dispersion of the sample to centrifugal accelera- mLof 0.1 % sodium hexametaphosphate solution and mix well
tion in specially designed sample cells. A collimated beam of by stirring. Disperse by either of the following methods:
visible light (either monochromatic or broad-band) shall tra- 8.1.1.1 Ultrasonic Bath—Place the beaker in the bath with
verse the sample cell at a defined distance from the top of the the bottom of the
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C1182–91(Reapproved2007) Designation:C1182–09
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Particle Size Distribution of Alumina by
1
Centrifugal Photosedimentation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1182; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the particle size distribution of alumina in the range from 0.1 to 20 µm having
a median particle diameter from 0.5 to 5.0 µm.
1.2 The procedure described in this test method may be successfully applied to other ceramic powders in this general size range.
It is the responsibility of the user to determine the applicability of this test method to other material.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Refer to Terminology C 242 for definitions of terms used in this test method.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Ahomogeneous aqueous dispersion of the powder is prepared. While kept in a thoroughly mixed condition, a small aliquot
is transferred to the analyzer sample cell, which is placed in the instrument and subjected to a controlled centrifugal acceleration
at a known or controlled temperature.At predetermined times related to the sedimentation of specific Stokes’ diameters (Note 1),
the optical absorbance is recorded and ratioed to the initial value to determine the fraction of the total sample that has sedimented
a specific distance. A volume based size distribution is calculated from the absorbance-time data. Since alumina particles are not
truly spherical, the results are reported as equivalent diameters (spherical) (Note 2).
NOTE 1—This diameter in micrometres is referred to as D in the equation:
18 n ~H/t!
2 8
D 5 3 10 (1)
2
~r 2r !u
s f
where:
n = viscosity of the fluid, P,
H = height of the settling particles, cm,
t = time for particle to settle, s,
3
r = particle density, g/cm ,
s
3
r = fluid density, g/cm , and
f
u = the rotational velocity, cm/s.
NOTE 2—Refer to Terminology C 242 for the ASTM definition of this term. Most equipment manufacturers refer to this as the equivalent spherical
diameter.
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC21onCeramicWhitewaresandRelatedProductsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeC21.04
on Raw Materials.
Current edition approved MayJan. 1, 2007.2009. Published June 2007.February 2009. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 20012007 as
C 1182–91(20017).
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1182–09
4.2 The instruments that have been found suitable for this test method incorporate microcomputers that control instrument
operation and perform all required data acquisition and computation functions.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Manufacturers and users of alumina powders will find this test method useful to determine the particle size distribution of
these materials for product specification, quality control, and research and development testing.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Centrifugal Particle Size Distribution Analyzer—The analyzer shall incorporate a centrifuge capable of subjecting a
homogeneous dispersion of the sample to centrifugal acceleration in specially designed sample cells.Acollimated beam of visible
light (either monochromatic or broad-band) shall traverse the sample cell at a defined distance from the top of the cell. The change
in photo extinction resulting from sedimentation of the sample shall be measured by a photo detector and appropriate e
...