ASTM F2263-14(2019)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Oxidative Resistance of Polyethylene (PE) Pipe to Chlorinated Water
Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Oxidative Resistance of Polyethylene (PE) Pipe to Chlorinated Water
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Environment or oxidative time-to-fail data derived from this test method, analyzed in accordance with Section 13, are suitable for extrapolation to typical end-use temperatures and hoop stresses. The extrapolated value(s) provides a relative indication of the resistance of the tested PE pipe or system to the oxidative effects of chlorinated water for conditions equivalent to those conditions under which the test data were obtained. The performance of a material or piping product under actual conditions of installation and use is dependent upon a number of factors including installation methods, use patterns, water quality, nature and magnitude of localized stresses, and other variables of an actual, operating cold water supply or service system that are not addressed in this test method. As such, the extrapolated values do not constitute a representation that a PE pipe or system with a given extrapolated time-to-failure value will perform for that period of time under actual use conditions.
5.2 This test method has been generally used for evaluating oxidatively induced Stage II or Stage III failure data.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the general requirements for evaluating the long-term, chlorinated water, oxidative resistance of polyethylene (PE), used in cold water supply or service systems by exposure to chlorinated water. This test method outlines the requirements of a pressurized flow-through test system, typical test pressures, test-fluid characteristics, failure type, and data analysis.
Note 1: Other known disinfecting systems (chlorine dioxide, ozone, and chloramine) are currently used for protection of potable water; however, free-chlorine is by far the most common system in use today. Disinfecting systems other than chlorine have not been evaluated by this method.
1.2 Guidelines and requirements for test temperatures, test hoop stresses, and other test criteria have been established by prior testing of PE pipe. Other related system components that typically appear in a PE cold water supply or service system can be evaluated with the PE pipe. When testing PE pipe and fittings as a system, it is recommended that the anticipated end-use fitting type(s) and material(s) be included in the test circuit since it is known that some fitting types and materials can impact failure times. Specimens used shall be representative of the piping product(s) and material(s) under investigation.
Note 2: The procedures described in this test method (with some modifications of test temperatures or stresses, or both) have been used to evaluate pipes manufactured from polybutylene (PB), crosslinked polyethylene (PEX), polypropylene (PP), multilayer (polymer-metal composite), copper, and stainless steel.
1.3 This test method is applicable to PE pipe and systems used for transport of potable water containing free-chlorine for disinfecting purposes. The oxidizing potential of the test-fluid specified in this test method exceeds that typically found in potable water systems across the United States.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 12, of this specification.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Tra...
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F2263 − 14 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating the Oxidative Resistance of Polyethylene (PE)
Pipe to Chlorinated Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2263; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard.
1.1 This test method describes the general requirements for
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
evaluating the long-term, chlorinated water, oxidative resis-
test method portion, Section 12, of this specification.This
tance of polyethylene (PE), used in cold water supply or
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
service systems by exposure to chlorinated water. This test
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
methodoutlinestherequirementsofapressurizedflow-through
of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and
test system, typical test pressures, test-fluid characteristics,
environmental practices and determine the applicability of
failure type, and data analysis.
regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—Other known disinfecting systems (chlorine dioxide, ozone,
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
and chloramine) are currently used for protection of potable water;
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
however, free-chlorine is by far the most common system in use today.
Disinfecting systems other than chlorine have not been evaluated by this ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
method.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.2 Guidelines and requirements for test temperatures, test
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
hoop stresses, and other test criteria have been established by
prior testing of PE pipe. Other related system components that
2. Referenced Documents
typically appear in a PE cold water supply or service system
can be evaluated with the PE pipe. When testing PE pipe and
2.1 ASTM Standards:
fittings as a system, it is recommended that the anticipated
D1600 TerminologyforAbbreviatedTermsRelatingtoPlas-
end-use fitting type(s) and material(s) be included in the test
tics
circuit since it is known that some fitting types and materials
D2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Ther-
can impact failure times. Specimens used shall be representa-
moplastic Pipe and Fittings
tive of the piping product(s) and material(s) under investiga-
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
tion.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
NOTE 2—The procedures described in this test method (with some
modifications of test temperatures or stresses, or both) have been used to
2.2 ISO Standards:
evaluate pipes manufactured from polybutylene (PB), crosslinked poly-
ISO 9080 Thermoplastic Pipe for Transport of Fluids—
ethylene (PEX), polypropylene (PP), multilayer (polymer-metal
Methods of Extrapolation of Hydrostatic Stress Rupture
composite), copper, and stainless steel.
Data to Determine the Long Term Strength of Thermo-
1.3 This test method is applicable to PE pipe and systems
plastic Pipe
used for transport of potable water containing free-chlorine for
2.3 Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI) Document:
disinfecting purposes. The oxidizing potential of the test-fluid
TN-16 Rate Process Method for Projecting Performance of
specified in this test method exceeds that typically found in
Polyethylene Piping Components
potable water systems across the United States.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.40 on Test the ASTM website.
Methods. Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2019. Published February 2019. Originally 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as F2263–14. DOI: Available from Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI), 105 Decker Court, Suite 825,
10.1520/F2263-14R19. Irving, TX 75062, http://www.plasticpipe.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2263 − 14 (2019)
2.4 American Water Works Association (AWWA) Document: to-failure test data by multiple linear regression utilizing the
1996 WATER: STATS Survey rate process method of PPI TN-16 or three parameter model of
ISO 9080.
3. Terminology
3.1.7 multiple linear regression, n—a three or four coeffi-
3.1 Definitions: cient mathematical model used to analyze time-to-failure data
3.1.1 Definitions are in accordance with Terminology F412 from different temperatures and stresses to extrapolate pro-
and abbreviations are in accordance with Terminology D1600, jected time-to-failure at selected temperatures or stresses.
unless otherwise indicated.
3.1.8 oxidation reduction potential (ORP), n—oxidation
3.1.2 brittle failure (Stage II), n—failure in the pipe wall
reduction potential (ORP), n-a measure of the total oxidizing
that is characterized by little or no material deformation in the
power of a solution by means of a platinum-redox electrode.
failure area and is the result of a single crack emanating from
For a further explanation of ORP see Appendix X2.
the interior of the pipe to the outside surface typically resulting
3.1.9 unaided eye, n—observable without visual enhance-
in a pinhole leak, see Fig. 1.
ment beyond correction for normal vision.
3.1.2.1 oxidatively induced brittle failure (Stage II), n—a
4. Summary of Test Method
type of brittle failure (Stage II) that is characterized by
embrittlement of the interior surface of the pipe. This type of 4.1 The PE pipe/fitting assemblies are exposed to pressur-
Stage II failure is developed through oxidative degradation of ized test-fluid until failure. All time-to-failure data used for
the surface of the inner wall of the piping material. Guidelines analysis shall be the result of the same failure mode, either all
for identifying the failures are provided in Appendix X3. oxidatively induced Stage II or all Stage III. A minimum
number of test temperature and hoop stress conditions are
3.1.3 cold water supply or service system, n—acombination
required to allow accurate data analysis and time-to-failure
of components such as pipe, fittings, valves, and so forth, that
extrapolations.
wheninstalledasacompletesystem,makeupthewatersupply
system.
5. Significance and Use
3.1.4 ductilefailure(StageI),n—failureinthepipewallthat
5.1 Environment or oxidative time-to-fail data derived from
is characterized by obvious localized deformation of the
this test method, analyzed in accordance with Section 13, are
material visible with the unaided eye, see Fig. 1. Ductile
suitable for extrapolation to typical end-use temperatures and
failures produced with this test method shall not be used for
hoop stresses. The extrapolated value(s) provides a relative
data analysis.
indication of the resistance of the tested PE pipe or system to
3.1.5 environmental or oxidative failure (Stage III),
theoxidativeeffectsofchlorinatedwaterforconditionsequiva-
n—failure in the pipe wall characterized by a large number of
lent to those conditions under which the test data were
cracks emanating from the interior surface of the pipe wall, see obtained. The performance of a material or piping product
Fig. 1.
under actual conditions of installation and use is dependent
upon a number of factors including installation methods, use
3.1.6 long-term oxidative resistance, n—the extrapolated
patterns, water quality, nature and magnitude of localized
time-to-failure prediction as determined by analysis of time-
stresses, and other variables of an actual, operating cold water
supply or service system that are not addressed in this test
method. As such, the extrapolated values do not constitute a
representation that a PE pipe or system with a given extrapo-
Available fromAmerican Water WorksAssociation (AWWA), 6666 W. Quincy
lated time-to-failure value will perform for that period of time
Ave., Denver, CO 80235, http://www.awwa.org.
under actual use conditions.
5.2 This test method has been generally used for evaluating
oxidatively induced Stage II or Stage III failure data.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Pressurized Flow-Through Test System—Asystem com-
prised of the necessary pump(s), fittings, piping, heaters,
sensors, and meters that is capable of maintaining the required
test pressures within the tolerance specified in 9.1.3, the
required test temperatures within the tolerance of 9.1.2, and
flow the test-fluid through the specimens continually at a flow
rate within the tolerance specified in 9.1.4. Cyclic pressure
variations, such as those produced by some pumping systems,
shall not produce pressure excursions that exceed the tolerance
stated in 9.1.3.
6.2 Specimen Holders—Test specimens shall be supported
to minimize or eliminate externally induced stresses. Speci-
FIG. 1 Pictorial Illustration of Failure Types mens shall be allowed to freely expand bi-directionally.
F2263 − 14 (2019)
7. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units where:
S = stress in the circumferential or hoop direction, psi
7.1 Sampling—Select at random, a sufficient amount of pipe
(MPa),
to satisfy the specimen requirements of this test method.When
P = internal pressure, psig (kPa),
testing as a system, randomly select a sufficient quantity of
t = minimum wall thickness, in. (mm),
fittings.
DR = dimension ratio, DR, and
7.2 Test Specimen Size—The recommended minimum pipe
D = average outside diameter, in. (mm).
o
1 1
size is ⁄2 CTS, and common test sizes are ⁄2 in. CTS and 4 in.
IPS. The PE pipe specimens shall be 12 to 18 in. (300 to 460
8. Calibration and Standardization
mm)inlengthbetweenfittingclosuresorbetweenfittingjoints.
8.1 Measuring Equipment—All measuring and testing
7.2.1 Dimensions Measurement—Measure and record the
equipment having an effect on the accuracy or validity of the
critical dimensions for pipe and fittings. For pipe, measure the
calibrations or tests shall be calibrated or verified, or both,
average outside diameter and wall-thickness in accordance
before being put into service.
with Test Method D2122. For fittings, measure those dimen-
sions critical to the function of the joint, as well as minimum
9. Test Fluid
body wall thickness.
9.1 Internal Test Fluid—The test fluid shall be reverse
7.3 Testing as a System—When testing PE pipe and related
osmosis (RO) or deionized (DI) water prepared in accordance
system components (such as fittings) as a system, the other
with 9.1.1.
components shall be attached to the PE pipe in the same
9.1.1 RO or DI Water Test-Fluid Preparation—Test fluid
manner as in actual service. For fittings, the particular fitting
prepared from RO or DI water shall have a pH in the range
style shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s
from 6.5 to 8.0 and contain 2.5 ppm to 5 ppm (milligrams per
instructions or the ASTM specification when applicable.
litre)offree-chlorine.Testingshallbeconductedwiththesame
7.4 Minimum Required Test Units—A minimum of six test
nominal pH and free-chlorine concentration for all test units.
units is required. A test unit is comprised of two or more
The chosen pH shall be maintained to 6 0.2 and the chosen
individual time-to-failure data points at the same temperature
free-chlorine concentration shall be maintained to 6 0.2 ppm.
and hoop stress condition. Obtaining additional data points at
The pH and free-chlorine concentration combination shall
each temperature/hoop stress condition will benefit statistical
yield a minimum ORP of 825 mV for the test fluid.
reliability of the analysis of the resultant data.
9.1.2 Test Fluid Temperature Control—The test fluid enter-
7.4.1 Test Unit Distribution—Time-to-failure data points
ing each specimen shall be maintained to 61.8 °F (61 °C) of
shall be obtained at 2 test hoop stresses at each of a minimum
the test temperature.
of 3 test temperatures for a minimum of 12 data points. As an
9.1.3 Pressure Control—The pressure of the test fluid shall
alternate, obtain time-to-failure data for the temperature/hoop
be maintained to 63 psig (620.69 kPa).
stress combinations of the three-temperature matrix of PPI
9.1.4 Test Fluid Flow Rate—The flow rate shall be selected
TN-16, see Note 3. Hoop stresses shall be separated by a least
such that the average ORP of the test fluid exiting the test
80 psi (0.55 MPa).
specimens remains above 825 mV.The same nominal flow rate
NOTE 3—When using the PPI TN-16 matrix, Temperature T , which
shall be used for all test specimens. Flow rate shall be
requires testing at only one stress, refers to the lowest test temperature.
maintained 6 10% of the nominal flow rate.
7.4.2 Test Temperature Selection —Temperatures of 194 °F
NOTE 5—It has been established that, for nominal size ⁄2 in. CTS SDR
(90 °C), 176 °F (80 °C), and 158 °F (70 °C) have been utilized
9 tubing, a minimum flow rate of 0.06 usgpm (0.23 LPM), and for 4 in.
in prior testing of PE, see Note 4. Adjacent test temperatures
IPS pipe, a minimum flow rate of 0.125 usgpm (0.47 LPM), meets this
shall be separated by at least 10 °C (18 °F). Other test
requirement.
temperatures may be used, but the maximum test temperature
NOTE 6—The test flow rates are not intended to replicate application
shall not exceed 203 °F (95 °C).
in-service flow rates. A continuous flow of test fluid is required to
replenish the chlorine consumed in the test. The flow rate is selected to
NOTE 4—Prior testing indicates that for the test temperatures stated in
maintain the oxidative strength (ORP) of the fluid within specification.
7.4.2, hoop stresses to yield oxidatively induced Stage II failures within
Dif
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