ASTM D4830/D4830M-98(2014)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Characterizing Thermoplastic Fabrics Used in Roofing and Waterproofing
Standard Test Methods for Characterizing Thermoplastic Fabrics Used in Roofing and Waterproofing
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the procedures for characterizing thermoplastic fabrics (for example polyester, polyamide, polypropylene, and so forth) used in prefabricated roofing and waterproofing membranes.
1.2 Procedures appear in the following order:
Section
Unit Mass
3
Thickness
4
Breaking Load, Elongation and Work-to-Break
5
Trapezoid Tearing Strength
6
Puncture Strength
7
Static Heat Stability
8
Dynamic Heat Stability
9
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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´1
Designation:D4830/D4830M −98 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Test Methods for
Characterizing Thermoplastic Fabrics Used in Roofing and
Waterproofing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4830/D4830M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Units information was editorially corrected in May 2014.
1. Scope Organic-Base Fibers
D1117 Guide for Evaluating Nonwoven Fabrics (Withdrawn
1.1 These test methods cover the procedures for character-
2009)
izing thermoplastic fabrics (for example polyester, polyamide,
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
polypropylene, and so forth) used in prefabricated roofing and
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled
waterproofing membranes.
Erosion Control Products(RECPs) for Testing
1.2 Procedures appear in the following order:
D5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of
Section
Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)
Unit Mass 3
D5729 Test Method for Thickness of Nonwoven Fabrics
Thickness 4
(Withdrawn 2008)
Breaking Load, Elongation and Work-to-Break 5
Trapezoid Tearing Strength 6
D5733 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Nonwoven
Puncture Strength 7 3
Fabrics by the Trapezoid Procedure (Withdrawn 2008)
Static Heat Stability 8
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
Dynamic Heat Stability 9
E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
terials
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
3. Unit Mass
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
3.1 Determine the unit mass of the fabric using procedures
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
2 2
described in Test Methods D1117. Report in g/m or oz/yd .
with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Thickness
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 Determine fabric thickness following procedures de-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
scribed in Test Method D5729.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 5. Breaking Load, Elongation, and Work-to-Break
5.1 Determine the breaking load and elongation by the cut
2. Referenced Documents
strip method described in Test Method D5035 with the follow-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ing exceptions:
D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
5.1.1 Test Specimens—Cut each specimen 51 6 1 mm [2.0
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
6 0.05 in.] wide and 203 6 1 mm [8.0 6 0.05 in.] long. The
D885 Test Methods for Tire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics, and
gauge length shall be 152 6 1 mm [6.0 6 0.05 in.].
Industrial Filament Yarns Made from Manufactured
5.1.2 Apparatus—The apparatus shall be a CRE (Constant
Rate of Extension) machine described in Specification D76.
The machine will be set for an extension rate of 5 mm/s or 12
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on
Roofing and Waterproofing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee in./min.
D08.04 on Felts, Fabrics and Bituminous Sheet Materials.
5.2 Calculation—Report textile conditions and the average
Current edition approved May 1, 2014. Published May 2014. Originally
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D4830 – 98 (2006). breaking load in N/m or lbf/in. and the elongation at break in
DOI: 10.1520/D4830_D4830M-98R14E01.
percent.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
D4830/D4830M−98 (2014)
5.3 Work-to-Break—The procedure and calculation shall be
as described in Test Methods D885 with the exception that the
load-elongation curve will be from specimens used in deter-
mining breaking load and elongation as described in 5.1 and
5.2.
6. Trapezoid Tearing Strength
6.1 Determine trapezoid tearing strength of the fabric fol-
lowing procedures described in Test Method D5733.
7. Puncture Strength
7.1 Scope:
7.1.1 This test method is used to measure the puncture
strength of thermoplastic fabrics used in roofing.
7.1.2 This procedure is applicable to conditioned fabrics.
7.2 Summary of Method:
7.2.1 A specimen of the fabric is clamped without tension
between grooved, circular plates of a ring clamp attachment
secured in a tensile testing machine.Aforce is exerted against
the center of the specimen by a solid steel rod attached to the
load indicator until rupture occurs.
7.3 Significance and Use:
7.3.1 Puncture failures are recognized in the roofing indus-
try. Puncture strength is felt to reflect the fabric’s ability to
withstand aggregate or ballast stone penetration. This test
method is used to obtain the relative puncture resistance of
various fabrics.
7.4 Apparatus:
7.4.1 Tensile Testing Machine, of the constant-rate-of exten-
sion type (CRE), with autographic recorder conforming to the
requirements of Specification D76.
7.4.2 Ring Clamp Attachment, consisting of concentric
grooved plates with an internal diameter of 44.45 6 0.025 mm
[1.750 6 0.001 in.], capable of clamping fabrics without
slippage.
7.4.3 Solid Steel Rod, with a hardness in the range of
FIG. 1 Steel Rod
Rockwell C (HRC) 50 to 60, with a diameter of 7.938 6 0.013
mm [0.3125 6 0.0005 in.] and a hemispherical end with a
radius of 3.970 6 0.013 mm [0.1563 6 0.0005 in.] for
provided there is no evidence that it is distorted or different
contacting the fabric surface (see Fig. 1). The surface of the from other portions of the roll. In cases of dispute, take a
hemispherical end should be smooth and polished to a surface sample that will exclude fabric from the outer wrap of the roll
smoothness of RMS ≤ 8. (RMS is the root-mean-square or the inner wrap around the core.
method of describing surface smoothness.) 7.5.3 Unless otherwise agreed upon or specified in appli-
cable material specifications, test a number of specimens from
7.5 Sampling, Number of Specimens, and Selection of
each laboratory sample that will give a precision of 65 % at a
Samples:
probability level of 90 %, not to exceed ten specimens per
7.5.1 Lot Sample—As a lot sample for acceptance testing,
sample.
take at random the number of rolls of fabric directed in an
applicable material specification or other agreement between 7.6 Preparation of Test Specimen:
the purchaser and the supplier, such as agreement to sample as 7.6.1 Each specimen shall be cut 76 by 76 mm [3.0 by 3.0
directed in Practice D4354. Consider rolls of fabric to be the in.] to ensure proper clamping. Specimens should be taken on
primary sampling units. the diagonal across the sample so that no two specimens will
7.5.2 Laboratory Sample—Take, for the laboratory sample, contain the same machine direction and cross machine direc-
a sample extending the width of the fabric and approximately tion yarns or fibers. Unless otherwise specified, no specimen
1.0 m [39 in.] along with the selvage from each roll in the lot
should be taken within 51 mm [2.0 in.] of the selvage or edge.
sample.Thesamplemaybetakenfromtheendportionofaroll
7.7 Conditioning:
7.7.1 Condition the specimens as directed in Practice
See Machinery’s Handbook, 19th ed., Industrial Press, H. L. Horton, ed. D1776.
´1
D4830/D4830M−98 (2014)
7.8 Procedure: 8.4.1 Self-Supporting Aluminum Mounting Board—Details
7.8.1 All testing must be conducted at standard textile ontheconstructionanddimensionsaredescribedinAnnexA1.
laboratory conditions as required in Practice D1776.
8.4.2 Oven, mechanical-convection type, for controlled cir-
7.8.2 Select the load range of the tensile testing machine
culation of air. The oven must be capable of containing the
such that the rupture occurs between 15 and 85 % of the
mounting board, and shall be equipped with a temperature-
full-scale load.
control system designed to maintain oven temperatures at the
7.8.3 Center and secure the specimen between the grooved
levels specified in 8.7.1 with a precision of 61°C [62°F]. The
plates, ensuring that the fabric extends beyond the outer edges
oven should also be equipped with a visible thermometer
of the plates.
which measures the inside oven temperature.
7.8.4 Measurement of Rupturing Load—Test at a machine 1
8.4.3 Ruler, graduated at 1.0 mm or ⁄32 in. and at least 25
speed of 5 mm/s or 12 in./min until the puncture rod com-
mm [1.0 in.] wide.
pletely ruptures the specimen. Read the puncture strength as
8.4.4 Clips, noninsulated alligator clips weighing no more
the greatest force in N [lbf] registered on the recording
than 1.4 g [0.05 oz] each.
instrument during the test.
8.4.5 Timing Device, reading in minutes with an audible
7.8.5 If the yarns or fibers fail to break due to the slippage
alarm.
ofthespecimenintheringclamporiftherodslipsbetweenthe
8.4.6 Marking Pen, indelible ink or felt-tip marker, capable
yarns or fibers without causing yarn or fiber breakage, discard
of marking specimens.
the result and test another specimen.
8.5 Preparation of Specimens:
7.9 Calculation:
8.5.1 Take the specimens for the measurement of the static
7.9.1 Calculate the average of the rupturing load for all
heat stability for the machine direction from different positions
acceptable test results as read directly from the recording
across the fabric and for the cross machine direction from
instrument.
different positions along the length of the fabric.
7.10 Report:
8.5.2 Test specimens should be cut no closer than 51 mm
7.10.1 Report all of the following:
[2.0 in.] from the selvage and no closer than 1 m [39 in.] from
7.10.1.1 Product(s) or material(s) sampled.
the end of the roll.
7.10.1.2 Test method used, identifying both the type of
8.5.3 Each specimen should be 267 6 3 mm [10.5 6 ⁄8 in.]
specimen and type of testing machine.
long and 25 63mm[1 6 ⁄8 in.] wide.
7.10.1.3 Sample conditioning.
8.5.4 Cut twelve specimens from the sample with their long
7.10.1.4 Average puncture strength in N [lbf] of the speci-
dimension parallel to the machine direction. Label each speci-
mens tested and number of specimens.
men as a machine direction specimen.
7.10.1.5 Variation, if any, from the described test method.
8.5.5 Cut twelve specimens from the sample with their long
7.11 Precision and Bias:
dimension parallel to the cross machine direction. Label each
7.11.1 Precision—The precision of the procedure in this test
specimen as a cross machine direction specimen.
for measuring puncture strength is being determined.
8.5.6 Marking the Specimens:
7.11.2 Bias—Since there is no accepted reference material
8.5.6.1 Lay out a specimen fully extended on a flat, hori-
suitable for determining the bias for the procedure in this test
zontal surface. Draw a line on the specimen 6 mm [ ⁄4 in.] from
for puncture strength, no statement on bias is being made.
the end, parallel to the short dimension (width). Draw a similar
line on the other end of the specimen.
8. Static Heat Stability
8.5.6.2 Prepare the other specimens as in 8.5.6.1.
8.1 Scope:
8.6 Conditioning:
8.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the heat
stability of thermoplastic fabrics at typical asphalt application
8.6.1 Condition the specimens as directed in Practice
temperatures during manufacture of prefabricated membrane.
D1776.
8.2 Summary of Method:
8.7 Procedure:
8.2.1 Fabric specimens are placed in an oven for a fixed
8.7.1 Perform 8.7.1.1 – 8.7.1.9 at the following suggested
amount of time at a specific temperature. The change in length
temperatures: 177, 191, 204, and 218 6 1°C [350, 375, 400,
of each specimen is recorded and expressed as a percentage of
and 425 6 2°F].
the original length.
8.7.1.1 Set the oven to the desired test temperature and
8.2.2 This process is performed at four temperatures, and a
allow to stabilize a minimum of ⁄2 h.
plot can be made comparing the percent change in length
8.7.1.2 Select three machine direction specimens and three
versus temperature.
cross machine direction specimens. Measure and record the
8.3 Significance and Use:
distance between the two scribed lines to the nearest 1.0 mm or
8.3.1 This test method is used to determine the comparative 1
⁄32 in., numbering the specimens as necessary.
heat stability of thermoplastic fabrics, as received, at typical
8.7.1.3 Place the mounting board in a horizontal position
asphalt application temperatures.
and secure the tops of the six specimens in the clamps up to the
8.4 Apparatus: top 6-mm [ ⁄4-in.] line.
´1
D4830/D4830M−98 (2014)
8.7.1.4 Attach an alligator clip at the center of the lower 9. Dynamic Heat Stability
edge of each specimen. Do not place the clip higher than the
9.1 Scope:
lower 6-mm [ ⁄4-in.] line.
9.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the
8.7.1.5 When the oven temperature has stabilized, put the
dynamic heat stability of thermoplastic fabrics at typical
mounting board in its vertical position (as shown in Fig.A1.1)
asphalt application temperatures and operating stresses during
in the oven.
manufacture of prefabricated membrane.
8.7.1.6 Check the oven temperature. Once the oven tem-
9.2 Summary of Method:
perature has returned to the desired test temperature, set the
9.2.1 Weights are attached to fabric specimens which are
timing device for 5 min. Do not allow the oven temperature to
then heated in an oven for a fixed amount of time. The change
exceed the test temperature.
in length of each specimen is recorded and expressed as a
8.7.1.7 When timing is completed, remove the assembly
percentage of the original length.
from the oven and place it vertically at room temperature.
9.2.2 Data are obtained using several different weights and
Leave the specimens on the mounting board for 15 min with
a plot is made comparing the percent change in length versus
alligator clips still attached.
weight applied.
8.7.1.8 Removethealligatorclipsandreleasethespecimens
9.3 Significance and Use:
from the board. Lay the specimens on a flat surface and allow
9.3.1 This test method is used to develop a relationship
them to condition an additional 15 min before any meas
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D4830 − 98 (Reapproved 2006) D4830/D4830M − 98 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Test Methods for
Characterizing Thermoplastic Fabrics Used in Roofing and
Waterproofing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4830;D4830/D4830M; the number immediately following the designation indicates
the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Units information was editorially corrected in May 2014.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the procedures for characterizing thermoplastic fabrics (for example polyester, polyamide,
polypropylene, and so forth) used in prefabricated roofing and waterproofing membranes.
1.2 Procedures appear in the following order:
Section
Unit Mass 3
Unit Mass 3
Thickness 4
Thickness 4
Breaking Load, Elongation and Work-to-Break 5
Breaking Load, Elongation and Work-to-Break 5
Trapezoid Tearing Strength 6
Trapezoid Tearing Strength 6
Puncture Strength 7
Puncture Strength 7
Static Heat Stability 8
Static Heat Stability 8
Dynamic Heat Stability 9
Dynamic Heat Stability 9
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D885 Test Methods for Tire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics, and Industrial Filament Yarns Made from Manufactured Organic-Base
Fibers
D1117 Guide for Evaluating Nonwoven Fabrics (Withdrawn 2009)
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled Erosion Control Products(RECPs) for Testing
D5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)
D5729 Test Method for Thickness of Nonwoven Fabrics (Withdrawn 2008)
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on Roofing and Waterproofing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.04 on Felts,
Fabrics and Bituminous Sheet Materials.
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 2006May 1, 2014. Published August 2006May 2014. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 19982006 as
D4830 – 98.D4830 – 98 (2006). DOI: 10.1520/D4830-98R06.10.1520/D4830_D4830M-98R14E01.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
D4830/D4830M − 98 (2014)
D5733 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Nonwoven Fabrics by the Trapezoid Procedure (Withdrawn 2008)
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Materials
3. Unit Mass
2 2
3.1 Determine the unit mass of the fabric using procedures described in Test Methods D1117. Report in g/m or oz/yd .
4. Thickness
4.1 Determine fabric thickness following procedures described in Test Method D5729.
5. Breaking Load, Elongation, and Work-to-Break
5.1 Determine the breaking load and elongation by the cut strip method described in Test Method D5035 with the following
exceptions:
5.1.1 Test Specimens—Cut each specimen 51 6 1 mm (2.0[2.0 6 0.05 in.)in.] wide and 203 6 1 mm (8.0[8.0 6 0.05 in.)in.]
long. The gagegauge length shall be 152 6 1 mm (6.0[6.0 6 0.05 in.).in.].
5.1.2 Apparatus—The apparatus shall be a CRE (Constant Rate of Extension) machine described in Specification D76. The
machine will be set for an extension rate of 5 mm/s or 12 in./min.
5.2 Calculation—Report textile conditions and the average breaking load in N/m or lbf/in. and the elongation at break in
percent.
5.3 Work-to-Break—The procedure and calculation shall be as described in Test Methods D885 with the exception that the
load-elongation curve will be from specimens used in determining breaking load and elongation as described in 5.1 and 5.2.
6. Trapezoid Tearing Strength
6.1 Determine trapezoid tearing strength of the fabric following procedures described in Test Method D5733.
7. Puncture Strength
7.1 Scope:
7.1.1 This test method is used to measure the puncture strength of thermoplastic fabrics used in roofing.
7.1.2 This procedure is applicable to conditioned fabrics.
7.2 Summary of Method:
7.2.1 A specimen of the fabric is clamped without tension between grooved, circular plates of a ring clamp attachment secured
in a tensile testing machine. A force is exerted against the center of the specimen by a solid steel rod attached to the load indicator
until rupture occurs.
7.3 Significance and Use:
7.3.1 Puncture failures are recognized in the roofing industry. Puncture strength is felt to reflect the fabric’s ability to withstand
aggregate or ballast stone penetration. This test method is used to obtain the relative puncture resistance of various fabrics.
7.4 Apparatus:
7.4.1 Tensile Testing Machine, of the constant-rate-of extension type (CRE), with autographic recorder conforming to the
requirements of Specification D76.
7.4.2 Ring Clamp Attachment, consisting of concentric grooved plates with an internal diameter of 44.45 6 0.025 mm
(1.750[1.750 6 0.001 in.),in.], capable of clamping fabrics without slippage.
7.4.3 Solid Steel Rod, with a hardness in the range of Rockwell C (HRC) 50 to 60, with a diameter of 7.938 6 0.013 mm
(0.3125[0.3125 6 0.0005 in.)in.] and a hemispherical end with a radius of 3.970 6 0.013 mm (0.1563[0.1563 6 0.0005 in.)in.]
for contacting the fabric surface (see Fig. 1). The surface of the hemispherical end should be smooth and polished to a surface
smoothness of RMS ≤ 8. (RMS is the root-mean-square method of describing surface smoothness.)
7.5 Sampling, Number of Specimens, and Selection of Samples:
7.5.1 Lot Sample—As a lot sample for acceptance testing, take at random the number of rolls of fabric directed in an applicable
material specification or other agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, such as agreement to sample as directed in
Practice D4354. Consider rolls of fabric to be the primary sampling units.
7.5.2 Laboratory Sample—Take, for the laboratory sample, a sample extending the width of the fabric and approximately 1.0
m (39 in.)[39 in.] along with the selvage from each roll in the lot sample. The sample may be taken from the end portion of a roll
provided there is no evidence that it is distorted or different from other portions of the roll. In cases of dispute, take a sample that
will exclude fabric from the outer wrap of the roll or the inner wrap around the core.
See Machinery’s Handbook, 19th ed., Industrial Press, H. L. Horton, ed.
´1
D4830/D4830M − 98 (2014)
FIG. 1 Steel Rod
7.5.3 Unless otherwise agreed upon or specified in applicable material specifications, test a number of specimens from each
laboratory sample that will give a precision of 65 % at a probability level of 90 %, not to exceed ten specimens per sample.
7.6 Preparation of Test Specimen : Specimen:
7.6.1 Each specimen shall be cut 76 by 76 mm (3.0[3.0 by 3.0 in.)in.] to ensure proper clamping. Specimens should be taken
on the diagonal across the sample so that no two specimens will contain the same machine direction and cross machine direction
yarns or fibers. Unless otherwise specified, no specimen should be taken within 51 mm (2.0 in.)[2.0 in.] of the selvage or edge.
7.7 Conditioning:
7.7.1 Condition the specimens as directed in Practice D1776.
7.8 Procedure:
7.8.1 All testing must be conducted at standard textile laboratory conditions as required in Practice D1776.
7.8.2 Select the load range of the tensile testing machine such that the rupture occurs between 15 and 85 % of the full-scale load.
7.8.3 Center and secure the specimen between the grooved plates, ensuring that the fabric extends beyond the outer edges of
the plates.
7.8.4 Measurement of Rupturing Load —Load—Test at a machine speed of 5 mm/s or 12 in./min until the puncture rod
completely ruptures the specimen. Read the puncture strength as the greatest force in N (lbf)[lbf] registered on the recording
instrument during the test.
7.8.5 If the yarns or fibers fail to break due to the slippage of the specimen in the ring clamp or if the rod slips between the
yarns or fibers without causing yarn or fiber breakage, discard the result and test another specimen.
´1
D4830/D4830M − 98 (2014)
7.9 Calculation:
7.9.1 Calculate the average of the rupturing load for all acceptable test results as read directly from the recording instrument.
7.10 Report:
7.10.1 Report all of the following:
7.10.1.1 Product(s) or material(s) sampled.
7.10.1.2 Test method used, identifying both the type of specimen and type of testing machine.
7.10.1.3 Sample conditioning.
7.10.1.4 Average puncture strength in N (lbf)[lbf] of the specimens tested and number of specimens.
7.10.1.5 Variation, if any, from the described test method.
7.11 Precision and Bias:
7.11.1 Precision—The precision of the procedure in this test for measuring puncture strength is being determined.
7.11.2 Bias—Since there is no accepted reference material suitable for determining the bias for the procedure in this test for
puncture strength, no statement on bias is being made.
8. Static Heat Stability
8.1 Scope:
8.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the heat stability of thermoplastic fabrics at typical asphalt application
temperatures during manufacture of prefabricated membrane.
8.2 Summary of Method:
8.2.1 Fabric specimens are placed in an oven for a fixed amount of time at a specific temperature. The change in length of each
specimen is recorded and expressed as a percentage of the original length.
8.2.2 This process is performed at four temperatures, and a plot can be made comparing the percent change in length versus
temperature.
8.3 Significance and Use:
8.3.1 This test method is used to determine the comparative heat stability of thermoplastic fabrics, as received, at typical asphalt
application temperatures.
8.4 Apparatus:
8.4.1 Self-Supporting Aluminum Mounting Board—Details on the construction and dimensions are described in Annex A1.
8.4.2 Oven, mechanical-convection type, for controlled circulation of air. The oven must be capable of containing the mounting
board, and shall be equipped with a temperature-control system designed to maintain oven temperatures at the levels specified in
8.7.1 with a precision of 61°C (62°F).[62°F]. The oven should also be equipped with a visible thermometer which measures the
inside oven temperature.
8.4.3 Ruler, graduated at 1.0 mm or ⁄32 in. and at least 25 mm (1.0 in.)[1.0 in.] wide.
8.4.4 Clips, noninsulated alligator clips weighing no more than 1.4 g (0.05 oz)[0.05 oz] each.
8.4.5 Timing Device, reading in minutes with an audible alarm.
8.4.6 Marking Pen, indelible ink or felt-tip marker, capable of marking specimens.
8.5 Preparation of Specimens:
8.5.1 Take the specimens for the measurement of the static heat stability for the machine direction from different positions
across the fabric and for the cross machine direction from different positions along the length of the fabric.
8.5.2 Test specimens should be cut no closer than 51 mm (2.0 in.)[2.0 in.] from the selvage and no closer than 1 m (39 in.)[39
in.] from the end of the roll.
1 1
8.5.3 Each specimen should be 267 6 3 mm (10.5[10.5 6 ⁄8 in.)in.] long and 25 6 3 mm (1[1 6 ⁄8 in.)in.] wide.
8.5.4 Cut twelve specimens from the sample with their long dimension parallel to the machine direction. Label each specimen
as a machine direction specimen.
8.5.5 Cut twelve specimens from the sample with their long dimension parallel to the cross machine direction. Label each
specimen as a cross machine direction specimen.
8.5.6 Marking the Specimens:
8.5.6.1 Lay out a specimen fully extended on a flat, horizontal surface. Draw a line on the specimen 6 mm ([ ⁄4 in.)in.] from
the end, parallel to the short dimension (width). Draw a similar line on the other end of the specimen.
8.5.6.2 Prepare the other specimens as in 8.5.6.1.
8.6 Conditioning:
8.6.1 Condition the specimens as directed in Practice D1776.
8.7 Procedure:
8.7.1 Perform 8.7.1.1 – 8.7.1.9 at the following suggested temperatures: 177, 191, 204, and 218 6 1°C (350,[350, 375, 400, and
425 6 2°F).2°F].
8.7.1.1 Set the oven to the desired test temperature and allow to stabilize a minimum of ⁄2 h.
´1
D4830/D4830M − 98 (2014)
8.7.1.2 Select three machine direction specimens and three cross machine direction specimens. Measure and record the distance
between the two scribed lines to the nearest 1.0 mm or ⁄32 in., numbering the specimens as necessary.
8.7.1.3 Place the mounting board in a horizontal position and secure the tops of the six specimens in the clamps up to the top
6-mm ([ ⁄4-in.)-in.] line.
8.7.1.4 Attach an alligator clip at the center of the lower edge of each specimen. Do not place the clip higher than the lower
6-mm ([ ⁄4-in.)-in.] line.
8.7.1.5 When the oven temperature has stabilized, put the mounting board in its vertical position (as shown in Fig. A1.1) in the
oven.
8.7.1.6 Check the oven temperature. Once the oven temperature has returned to the desired test temperature, set the timing
device for 5 min. Do not allow the oven temperature to exceed the test temperature.
8.7.1.7 When timing is completed, remove the assembly from the oven and place it vertically at room temperature. Leave the
specimens on the mounting board for 15 min with alligator clips still attached.
8.7.1.8 Remove the alligator clips an
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