ASTM D7654/D7654M-10(2018)

Standard Specification for Asphalt Used in Roofing Measured by Dynamic Shear Rheometer

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers two types of asphalt intended for use in built-up roof construction, construction of some modified bitumen systems, construction of bituminous vapor retarder systems, and for adhering insulation boards used in various types of roof systems. The specification is intended for general classification purposes only and does not imply restrictions on the slope at which an asphalt must be used.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2018
• ICS: 91.100.50 - Binders. Sealing materials
• Technical Committee: D08 - Roofing and Waterproofing
• Drafting Committee: D08.03 - Surfacing and Bituminous Materials for Membrane Waterproofing and Built-up Roofing

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D7654/D7654M-10 - Standard Specification for Asphalt Used in Roofing Measured by Dynamic Shear Rheometer
• Effective Date: 01-May-2018
• Refers: ASTM D7175-23 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binder Using a Dynamic Shear Rheometer
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2023
• Refers: ASTM D140/D140M-16(2023) - Standard Practice for Sampling Asphalt Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Refers: ASTM D1079-20 - Standard Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing
• Effective Date: 01-May-2020
• Refers: ASTM D5/D5M-19a - Standard Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2019
• Refers: ASTM D1079-18e1 - Standard Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2018
• Refers: ASTM D1079-18 - Standard Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2018
• Refers: ASTM D140/D140M-16 - Standard Practice for Sampling Asphalt Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2016
• Refers: ASTM D1079-16 - Standard Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2016
• Refers: ASTM D140/D140M-15 - Standard Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2015
• Refers: ASTM D140/D140M-14 - Standard Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2014
• Refers: ASTM D1079-13e1 - Standard Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2013
• Refers: ASTM D1079-13 - Standard Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2013
• Refers: ASTM D5/D5M-13 - Standard Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2013
• Refers: ASTM D92-12a - Standard Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2012

Overview

ASTM D7654/D7654M-10(2018), “Standard Specification for Asphalt Used in Roofing Measured by Dynamic Shear Rheometer,” is an internationally recognized standard developed by ASTM. This specification defines requirements for two types of asphalt, primarily used in built-up roof construction, certain modified bitumen systems, bituminous vapor retarders, and for adhering insulation boards in various roofing systems. Central to the standard is the measurement of asphalt properties, including viscosity, using the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), a widely adopted method for evaluating the rheological properties of roofing asphalts.

ASTM D7654/D7654M provides a consistent framework for classifying asphalt by specific physical performance properties, supporting quality control for manufacturers, contractors, and specifiers focusing on roofing applications.

Key Topics

• Scope of Application: Covers two distinct types of roofing asphalt (Type III and Type IV), intended for use in diverse roof assemblies.
• Test Methods: Establishes procedures for sampling, flash point testing, penetration rates, solubility, and primarily, viscosity measurement at 70°C [158°F] using the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR).
• Units of Measurement: Permits use of either SI units or inch-pound units independently, emphasizing non-interchangeability to maintain standard conformity.
• Material Requirements: Specifies that roofing asphalt must be homogeneous, free from water, and derived from crude petroleum.
• Classification: Asphalt types are classified based on viscosity and penetration properties, ensuring suitability for their intended applications.
• Quality Control: Includes procedures for repeatability and reproducibility to maintain high confidence in test results across different laboratories.
• Packaging and Marking: Details requirements for packaging, shipment, and clear labeling to facilitate traceability and safe handling.

Applications

The ASTM D7654/D7654M standard is essential across several segments of the roofing industry:

• Roofing Material Manufacturers: Ensures consistency in asphalt quality for built-up and modified bitumen roofing products by verifying that physical properties meet stringent specifications.
• Roofing Contractors and Specifiers: Assists with material selection by referencing standardized asphalt types, contributing to long-term roof performance, water resistance, and durability.
• Quality Control Laboratories: Provides standardized test procedures for dynamic shear rheometer measurements and other laboratory methods, supporting reproducible and reliable results.
• Building Owners and Consultants: Facilitates confidence in roofing system longevity by specifying materials tested under uniform performance metrics.

By covering critical physical and rheological properties, ASTM D7654/D7654M helps the construction industry mitigate risks related to improper material selection, inconsistent product quality, and uncertain roof performance.

Related Standards

Several other ASTM standards complement or are referenced under ASTM D7654/D7654M:

• ASTM D5/D5M: Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials
• ASTM D92: Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester
• ASTM D140/D140M: Practice for Sampling Asphalt Materials
• ASTM D2042: Test Method for Solubility of Asphalt Materials in Trichloroethylene
• ASTM D1079: Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing
• ASTM D7175: Test Method for Determining the Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binder Using a Dynamic Shear Rheometer

These related standards help ensure comprehensive quality assurance, accurate terminology, and consistent measurement techniques throughout the roofing industry.

Keywords: ASTM D7654, roofing asphalt, dynamic shear rheometer, asphalt viscosity, built-up roofing, Type III asphalt, Type IV asphalt, roofing material standards, bitumen systems, roofing quality control.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D7654/D7654M −10 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Specification for
Asphalt Used in Roofing Measured by Dynamic Shear
Rheometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7654/D7654M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D140/D140M Practice for Sampling Asphalt Materials
D1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing
1.1 This specification covers two types of asphalt intended
D2042 Test Method for Solubility of Asphalt Materials in
for use in built-up roof construction, construction of some
Trichloroethylene
modified bitumen systems, construction of bituminous vapor
D6510 Guide for Selection of Asphalt Used in Built-Up
retarder systems, and for adhering insulation boards used in
Roofing Systems (Withdrawn 2015)
various types of roof systems. The specification is intended for
D7175 Test Method for Determining the Rheological Prop-
general classification purposes only and does not imply restric-
erties of Asphalt Binder Using a Dynamic Shear Rheom-
tions on the slope at which an asphalt must be used.
eter
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
3. Terminology
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
3.1 For definition of terms used in this specification, refer to
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
Terminology D1079.
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
3.2 Definitions:
with the standard.
3.3 Viscosity, Eta* @ 70°C [158°F], Pa.s
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.3.1 Definition: Eta* = G* / Angular Velocity. Complex
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
dynamic shear viscosity is the ratio of the complex shear
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
modulus (G*) divided by the rate of shear in radians/second. In
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
the SI, the unit of viscosity is in the pascal second (Pa.s).
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
4. Classification
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4.1 Materials covered by this specification are of two types:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- 4.1.1 Type III (VG).
4.1.2 Type IV (VG).
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5. Materials and Manufacture
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 The asphalt shall be prepared from crude petroleum.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6. Physical Properties
D5/D5M Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Mate-
rials
6.1 Asphalts shall be homogeneous and free of water.
D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
6.2 Asphalts of each type must conform to the physical
Open Cup Tester
properties described in Table 1.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on
7. Sampling
Roofing and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.03
7.1 Sample the material and determine the properties enu-
on Surfacing and Bituminous Materials for Membrane Waterproofing and Built-up
Roofing.
merated in this specification in accordance with the following
Current edition approved May 1, 2018. Published June 2018. Originally
methods:
approved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D7654/D7654M – 10.
7.1.1 Sampling—Practice D140/D140M.
DOI:10.1520/D7654_D7654M-10R18.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
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D7654/D7654M−10 (2018)
TABLE 1 Physical Properties of Asphalt in Roofing
8.3 Reproducibility—Two test results shall be judged not
Property Type III (VG) Type IV (VG) equivalent if they differ by more than the “R” value for that
Min Max Min Max
material; “R” is the interval representing the difference be-
Viscosity @ 70°C 6700 13 000
tween two test results for the same material, obtained by
[158°F], Pa. s
Flash Point, °C [°F] 260 (500) 260 (500) different operators using different equipment in different labo-
Penetration, units:
ratories.
@ 0°C [32°F] 6 6
@ 25°C [77°F] 15 35 12 25
8.4 Anyjudgmentinaccordancewithstatements8.2and8.3
@ 46°C [115°F] 90 75
would normally have an approximate 95 % probability of
Solubility in 99 99
being correct, however the precision statistics obtained in this
Trichloroethylene, %
ILS must not be treated as exact mathematical quantities which
are applicable to all circumstances and uses.The small number
of materials tested, and laboratories reporting results, guaran-
7.1.2 Flash Point—Test Method D92.
tees that there will be times when differences greater than
7.1.3 Penetration—Test Method D5/D5M.
predicted by the ILS results will arise,
...