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ASTM D5/D5M-19a

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials

Standard Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The penetration test is used as a measure of consistency. Higher values of penetration indicate softer consistency.
Note 2: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the penetration of semi-solid and solid bituminous materials.  
1.2 The needles, containers, and other conditions described in this test method provide for the determinations of penetrations up to 500.
Note 1: See the section on Penetration of Test Methods D244 for information and precision and bias on testing emulsion residue.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Dec-2019
ICS
75.140 - Waxes, bituminous materials and other petroleum products
Technical Committee
D04 - Road and Paving Materials
Drafting Committee
D04.44 - Rheological Tests
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5/D5M-19 - Standard Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials
Effective Date
15-Dec-2019
Referred By
ASTM D6/D6M-95(2018) - Standard Test Method for Loss on Heating of Oil and Asphaltic Compounds
Effective Date
15-Dec-2019
Referred By
ASTM D3462/D3462M-23 - Standard Specification for Asphalt Shingles Made from Glass Felt and Surfaced with Mineral Granules
Effective Date
15-Dec-2019
Referred By
ASTM D6114/D6114M-19 - Standard Specification for Asphalt-Rubber Binder
Effective Date
15-Dec-2019
Referred By
ASTM D5329-20 - Standard Test Methods for Sealants and Fillers, Hot-Applied, for Joints and Cracks in Asphalt Pavements and Portland Cement Concrete Pavements
Effective Date
15-Dec-2019
Referred By
ASTM D312/D312M-16a(2023) - Standard Specification for Asphalt Used in Roofing
Effective Date
15-Dec-2019
Referred By
ASTM D113-17 - Standard Test Method for Ductility of Asphalt Materials
Effective Date
15-Dec-2019
Referred By
ASTM D6297-20 - Standard Specification for Asphaltic Plug Joints for Bridges
Effective Date
15-Dec-2019
Referred By
ASTM D977-20 - Standard Specification for Emulsified Asphalt
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15-Dec-2019
Referred By
ASTM D5078/D5078M-11(2021) - Standard Specification for Crack Filler, Hot-Applied, for Asphalt Concrete and Portland Cement Concrete Pavements
Effective Date
15-Dec-2019
Referred By
ASTM D7654/D7654M-10(2018) - Standard Specification for Asphalt Used in Roofing Measured by Dynamic Shear Rheometer
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15-Dec-2019
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ASTM D41/D41M-11(2023) - Standard Specification for Asphalt Primer Used in Roofing, Dampproofing, and Waterproofing
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ASTM D6084/D6084M-21 - Standard Test Method for Elastic Recovery of Asphalt Materials by Ductilometer
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ASTM D6152/D6152M-12(2018) - Standard Specification for SEBS-Modified Mopping Asphalt Used in Roofing
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5/D5M − 19a
Standard Test Method for
1
Penetration of Bituminous Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5/D5M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversdeterminationofthepenetration 2.1 ASTM Standards:
of semi-solid and solid bituminous materials. D8 Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pave-
ments
1.2 The needles, containers, and other conditions described
D36/D36M Test Method for Softening Point of Bitumen
in this test method provide for the determinations of penetra-
(Ring-and-Ball Apparatus)
tions up to 500.
D244 Test Methods and Practices for Emulsified Asphalts
NOTE 1—See the section on Penetration of Test Methods D244 for
D3666 Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agen-
information and precision and bias on testing emulsion residue.
cies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
E77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Ther-
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
mometers
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
E1137/E1137M Specification for Industrial Platinum Resis-
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
tance Thermometers
with the standard.
E2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom-
eters with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
3
2.2 ANSI Standard:
which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
B46.1 Surface Texture
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
3
2.3 ISO Standard:
as requirements of the standard.
ISO Standard 468 Surface Roughness—Parameters, Their
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Values and General Rules for Specifying Requirements
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3. Terminology
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1 Definitions—Definitions for many terms common to
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
asphalt cement and asphalt binder are found in Terminology
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
D8.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.2.1 penetration, n—consistency of a bituminous material
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
expressed as the distance in tenths of a millimetre that a
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
standard needle vertically penetrates a sample of the material
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
under known conditions of loading, time, and temperature.
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.44 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Rheological Tests. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2019. Published January 2020. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as D5/D5M – 19. DOI: Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
10.1520/D0005_D0005M-19A. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5/D5M − 19a
4. Summary of Test Method and free of burrs. When the surface texture is measured in
accordance with American National Standard B46.1 or ISO
4.1 The sample is melted (if starting at ambient tempera-
468 the surface roughness height, Ra, of the tapered cone shall
ture) and cooled under controlled conditions. The penetration
be 0.2 to 0.3 µm [8 to 12 µin.] arithmetic average. The surface
is measured with a penetrometer by means of which a standard
roughness height, Ra, of the needle shank shall be 0.025 to
needle is applied to the sample under specific conditions.
0.125 µm [1 to 5 µin.]. The needle shall
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5/D5M − 19 D5/D5M − 19a
Standard Test Method for
1
Penetration of Bituminous Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5/D5M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers determination of the penetration of semi-solid and solid bituminous materials.
1.2 The needles, containers, and other conditions described in this test method provide for the determinations of penetrations
up to 500.
NOTE 1—See the section on Penetration of Test Methods D244 for information and precision and bias on testing emulsion residue.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D8 Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pavements
D36/D36M Test Method for Softening Point of Bitumen (Ring-and-Ball Apparatus)
D244 Test Methods and Practices for Emulsified Asphalts
D3666 Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Thermometers
E1137/E1137M Specification for Industrial Platinum Resistance Thermometers
E2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
3
2.2 ANSI Standard:
B46.1 Surface Texture
3
2.3 ISO Standard:
ISO Standard 468 Surface Roughness—Parameters, Their Values and General Rules for Specifying Requirements
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions for many terms common to asphalt cement and asphalt binder are found in Terminology D8.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.44 on Rheological
Tests.
Current edition approved May 1, 2019Dec. 15, 2019. Published June 2019January 2020. Originally approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 20132019 as
D5/D5M – 13.D5/D5M – 19. DOI: 10.1520/D0005_D0005M-19.10.1520/D0005_D0005M-19A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5/D5M − 19a
3.2.1 penetration, n—consistency of a bituminous material expressed as the distance in tenths of a millimetre that a standard
needle vertically penetrates a sample of the material under known conditions of loading, time, and temperature.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The sample is melted (if starting at ambient temperature) and cooled under controlled conditions. The penetration is
measured with a penetrometer by means of which a standard needle is applied to the sample under specific conditions.
5. Signifi
...

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1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the resistance to plastic flow of cylindrical specimens of bituminous paving mixture loaded on the lateral surface by means of the Marshall apparatus. This test method is for use with mixtures containing asphalt cement and aggregate up to 11/2 in. (37.5 mm) nominal maximum size.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard except for reference to sieve sizes and size of aggregate as measured by testing sieves in which SI units are standard according to Specification E11. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6084/D6084M-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Elastic Recovery of Asphalt Materials by Ductilometer

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is useful in confirming that a material has been added to the asphalt to provide a significant elastomeric characteristic. It does not necessarily identify the type or amount of material added.
Note 1: The quality of results produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guidance provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method assesses the elastic recovery of an asphalt material measured by the recoverable strain determined after severing an elongated briquet specimen of the material of the form described in 4.1. The specimens are pulled to a specified distance at a specified speed and at a specified temperature. Unless otherwise specified, the test shall be made at a temperature of 25 ± 0.5 °C [77 ± 0.9 °F] and with a speed of 5 cm/min ± 5 %.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website (http://www.epa.gov/mercury/index.htm) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury-containing products in your state may be prohibited by state law.  
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1754/D1754M-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Effects of Heat and Air on Asphaltic Materials (Thin-Film Oven Test)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This method indicates approximate change in properties of asphalt during conventional hot-mixing at about 150 °C [302 °F] as indicated by viscosity, penetration, or ductility measurements. It yields a residue which approximates the asphalt condition as incorporated in the pavement. If the mixing temperature differs appreciably from the 150 °C [302 °F] level, more or less effect on properties will occur.
Note 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the effects of heat and air on a film of semisolid asphaltic materials. The effects of this treatment are determined from measurements of selected asphalt properties before and after the test.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/index.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury-containing products into your state may be prohibited by state law.  
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7870/D7870M-20(Practice)
Standard Practice for Moisture Conditioning Compacted Asphalt Mixture Specimens by Using Hydrostatic Pore Pressure

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice provides an accelerated conditioning method under cyclic loading. This system is capable of operating at higher than normal temperatures and creating pore pressure within a compacted asphalt mixture to achieve an acceleration of the effects that a mixture would experience over time from traffic at normal temperatures and conditions. The accelerated conditioning in this practice is intended to simulate the stresses induced in a wet pavement by a passing vehicle tire. The pulse shape produced by this system approximates a Lorentzian function with a half peak width of approximately 1 s at 276 kPa [40 psi].  
4.2 The factors that influence the potential for moisture damage to occur include aggregate mineralogy, mixture air voids, water, cyclic applied stress, and elevated temperature. This practice provides a method and apparatus that is capable of producing three of these factors: water, stress, and high temperature. Aggregate mineralogy and air voids are mixture properties.  
4.3 Specimens conditioned by this system can be tested using a variety of different tests, including Test Method D6931, Test Method D6927, bulk specific gravity difference obtained by Test Method D6926 or D6752/D6752M for before and after conditioning, dynamic modulus, flow number, AASHTO T 378, and visual inspection for stripped aggregates.
Note 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptance guideline provides a means of evaluating ...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice includes procedures for preparing compacted asphalt mixture specimens, exposing the specimens to hydrostatic pore pressure inside an enclosed chamber, and guidance on testing the specimens for the effect of water on the tensile strength or change in other properties of the asphalt mixture, such as density, modulus, etc.  
1.2 Specimens conditioned according to this practice can be tested using methods and test procedures referenced in this document, and those results may provide information as to the effect of the moisture conditioning of this practice on the moisture sensitivity of those mixtures.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7173-20(Practice)
Standard Practice for Determining the Separation Tendency of Polymer from Polymer-Modified Asphalt

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Purchasers of polymer-modified asphalt need guidelines on proper storage and handling procedures to maintain the integrity of material they have purchased. This practice provides a significant tool for understanding the characteristics of these materials as well as comparing various sources of supply.
Note 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a laboratory procedure for determining the tendency of polymer to separate from polymer-modified asphalt under static heated storage conditions. The results of testing on material prepared according to this practice may be used as a guideline when formulating products or to establish field handling procedures. Large differences in test results between top and bottom specimens indicate that there is a degree of incompatibility between the polymer and the base asphalt.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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