iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM E2025-99

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Evaluating Fenestration Components and Assemblies for Resistance to Impact Energies

Standard Test Method for Evaluating Fenestration Components and Assemblies for Resistance to Impact Energies

SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended to evaluate the resistance of fenestration components, fenestration assemblies, and impact protection systems to specified impact energies.
1.2 Window, glazed door, and skylight assemblies covered by this test method also include individual components, such as the glazing in-fill.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jul-1999
ICS
91.120.10 - Thermal insulation of buildings
Technical Committee
E06 - Performance of Buildings
Drafting Committee
E06.51 - Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM E2025-99(2006) - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Fenestration Components and Assemblies for Resistance to Impact Energies (Withdrawn 2015)
Effective Date
01-Oct-2006
Referred By
ASTM E2358-17 - Standard Specification for Performance of Glazing in Permanent Railing Systems, Guards, and Balustrades
Effective Date
10-Jul-1999
Referred By
ASTM E2395-21 - Standard Specification for Voluntary Security Performance of Window and Door Assemblies with Glazing Impact
Effective Date
10-Jul-1999

Buy Standard

ASTM E2025-99 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Fenestration Components and Assemblies for Resistance to Impact EnergiesASTM E2025-99 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Fenestration Components and Assemblies for Resistance to Impact Energies
PreviousNext
Standard
ASTM E2025-99 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Fenestration Components and Assemblies for Resistance to Impact Energies
English language
4 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)


NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:E2025–99
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating Fenestration Components and Assemblies for
Resistance to Impact Energies
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2025; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope mullions, muntins and dividers, screens and shading devices,
for example, windows or glazed doors, or both.
1.1 This test method is intended to evaluate the resistance of
3.1.4 glazed panel, n—glazing installed in a framing sys-
fenestration components, fenestration assemblies, and impact
tem.
protection systems to specified impact energies.
3.1.5 impact energy, n—impact energy is expressed as
1.2 Window, glazed door, and skylight assemblies covered
vertical drop height of the pendulum, times its weight, for a
bythistestmethodalsoincludeindividualcomponents,suchas
particular impact event.
the glazing in-fill.
3.1.6 impact energy (cumulative), n—the sum of impact
1.3 This standard does no purport to address all of the
energies from each of the respective impact events for the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
entire applied impact sequence, derived from intentionally
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
impacting the test specimen more than once; the total impact
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
energy either applied to meet a test protocol or observed during
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
an impact sequence and associated with a particular level of
2. Referenced Documents damage.
3.1.7 impact protection system, n—moveable (or perma-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
nent) construction that may be applied, attached or locked over
E 631 Terminology of Building Constructions
a fenestration assembly to protect the assembly from impact,
E 1886 Test Method for Performance of Exterior Windows,
for example, shutters.
Curtain Walls, Doors and Storm Shutters Impacted by
3.1.8 impact ram, n—the device that (when released) deliv-
Missile(s) and Exposed to Cyclic Pressure Differentials
ers the impact energy to the test specimen. The impact ram
F 476 Test Methods for Security of Swinging Door Assem-
includes the impact nose.
blies
3.1.9 instrumented impact testing, n—additional apparatus
3. Terminology
attached to the impact ram to provide for the load versus
deformation responses of fenestration components and assem-
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
blies under various impact conditions.
3.1.1 assembly support fixture, n—the assembly or structure
3.1.10 plastic glazing sheet material, n—an organic plastic
that supports the test specimen.
sheet specifically developed for glazing.
3.1.2 component (fenestration), n—an individual product
3.1.11 required impact energy, n—the potential energy level
that combines with other components to make up a complete
specified for a single impact event to be applied in the test as
fenestration assembly.
required by the specifying authority.
3.1.3 fenestration assembly, n—aglazedapertureinabuild-
3.1.12 required impact sequence, n—the number of impact
ing composed of a group of parts or components that may
events and the required impact energy for each event to be
include glass or plastic panels or lites, opaque panels, framing,
applied to a specimen in the test and the order in which the
events are to be applied as required by the specifying authority.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-06 on
3.1.13 required cumulative energy, n—the sum of the im-
Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51
pact energy times the number of each such impact events for
on
the entire required impact sequence to be applied to a specimen
Current edition approved July 10, 1999. Published October 1999.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.11. in the test as required by the specifying authority.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.07.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
E2025–99
3.1.14 test specimen, n—the fenestration assembly, impact defines the allowable drop height for that system. To prevent
protection system or glazing in-fill, which is subject to the impact ram wobble, it is necessary to use two pairs of cables of
impact energies delivered by the impact ram. sufficient separation that, hanging unrestrained, are parallel to
each other when viewed perpendicular to the long axis of the
4. Summary of Test Method
impact ram.
6.1.4 Use a quick release mechanism that is capable of
4.1 This test method consists of installing a fenestration
holding the impact ram and releasing it in uniform manner
component, fenestration assembly, or impact protection system
without imparting any forward motion or acceleration. Provide
in a wall assembly and impacting the test specimen.
a means to assure that the impact ram does not unintentionally
4.2 The impact is applied by an impact ram supported by a
strike the specimen after the initial impact, that is, rebound and
pendulum system and released from a specified height.
strike the specimen again.
5. Significance and Use
6.1.5 The nose of the impact ram shall be of any material,
shape, size, or surface as specified and within the weight limits
5.1 This test method is intended for determining the ability
for the impact device. Standardize the impact nose specified
of a fenestration component, fenestration assembly, or impact
and referenced for particular tests. Impact nose substitutions
protection system to resist specified impact energies.
shall meet the criteria of hardness, shape, and composition
5.2 The test apparatus, referenced herein, is capable of
specified for the impact nose by the test protocol. Adjust the
applying a variety of impacts to a specimen as the impactor
impact ram length for the specified impact nose to comply with
head may be fabricated into a variety of shapes and from
impact device system weight limits.
materials having different degrees of hardness. The user is able
to simulate a specific type of impact and the impact energy
NOTE 2—Variations in impact nose specifications or composition may
with this apparatus. affect test results.
5.3 There is a need to correlate the damage to fenestration
6.1.5.1 Unless otherwise specified, the impact nose shall be
assemblies from the impacts in question with the impacts
2.5 6 0.2 in. (63 mm 6 5 mm) in diameter and the radial
delivered by the test apparatus in order for the test results to be
tolerance shall be within 0.125 in. (3.2 mm). The nose shall be
properly interpreted. Due to the nature of the test apparatus,
made from cast epoxy-polyamide resin with a measured Shore
care must be taken when interpreting the results of a specific
A durometer hardness of 80 (6 5). No chips or surface
test to actual performance in the field. The impact energies
blemishes shall be present on the impact nose.
involvedinapendulumimpactcannotbedirectlytransferredto
6.2 An assembly support fixture shall supply the rigidity
impact energies applied by other devices, for example, projec-
normally provided to an assembly in a building by the ceiling,
tiles; therefore, the performance of a specimen to the impacts
floor, and walls. The support fixture for the specimen shall
applied by this test method are not directly transferable to
consist of a vertical wall section constructed from nominal
performance in actual use. The application of impact energies
steel or 2 3 4-in. wood studs, 16 in. (406 mm) on center, with
to a specimen, as applied in this test method, however, does
a rough opening of sufficient size to support the test specimen.
provide valuable information regarding the ability of the
Install the specimen into the rough opening in accordance with
specimen to resist damage when impacted.
the manufacturer specifications with clearances between the
specimen and rough opening no greater than 0.75 in. (18 mm)
NOTE 1—Use Test Method E 1886 for determining the performance of
fenestration components subjected to impacts from windborne debris in a on all sides of the specimen. Cover both sides of the vertical
windstorm environment.
wall section with ⁄2 in. (12.7 mm) exterior grade plywood.The
assembly shall conform to the wall assembly described in Test
5.4 When using this test method to compare the perfor-
Methods F 476. The limiting deflection of the wall shall be
mance of products the same impact nose, impact device mass
L/175 (based on the anticipated loads).
and impact speed must be applied to each product tested.
6.3 Standard Test Frame—To test glazed panels, design the
6. Apparatus standard test frame to support a rectangular specimen in a
vertical plane and expose it to impact energies. Construct the
6.1 Impact Device—A variable mass moving carriage (im-
frame of 2-in. (50-mm) steel angles, at least ⁄4-in. (6.4-mm)
pact ram), supported by a suspension system of four cables,
thick, welded at all four corners to form a rigid assembly.
shall be used to supply the specified level of impact energy.
Support the assembly is with a support fixture similar to that
6.1.1 The impact device shall be a pendulum system with an
described in 6.2. Line that part of the test frame that comes in
impact ram capable of delivering the specified horizontal
contact with the glazed panel with hardwood stripping. The
impact energy.
3 3
wood stripping in turn is to be covered with ⁄8 3 ⁄4 in. (9.5 3
6.1.2 The mass of the (movable) suspension system shall
19 mm) neoprene stripping, which shall have a Shore A
notexceed5 %ofthemassoftheimpactram,includingimpact
durometer hardness of 30 to 50 and a compressive strength of
ram nose, and shall not be included as part of the specified
4–10 lb/lineal in. (0.7–1.7 kN/m). The neoprene stripping shall
impact mass.
be in full contact with all four edges of the specimen.
6.1.3 Care shall be taken to prevent impact ram wobble and
to assure that the i
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM E2357-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Air Leakage Rate of Air Barrier Assemblies

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This method is intended to simulate the performance of various air barrier materials/accessories when combined into an assembly. Based upon the results of the measurements, this procedure then assigns an air leakage rating for the air barrier assembly.  
5.2 This method does not purport to establish all criteria necessary for consideration in the selection of an air barrier assembly. The results are intended to be used for comparison purposes and may not represent the field installed performance of the air barrier assembly when installed as part of an air barrier system in a building. However, the results of these tests may be useful in determining the appropriate use of a specified air barrier system assembly.  
5.3 This method does not purport to establish all criteria necessary for air barrier systems of all construction types. Test Method E2178 provides an air permeance test method for testing of some air barrier materials. Specification E1677 provides a specification for air barrier systems for low-rise framed building walls.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the air leakage rate of air barrier assemblies that are used in building enclosures. This procedure measures the air leakage of a representative air barrier assembly before and after exposure to specific conditioning cycles and then assigns a rating dependent upon the results. Although this is a laboratory procedure, the method may also be applied to site mockups.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    11 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    11 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E3054/E3054M-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Characterization and Use of Hygrothermal Models for Moisture Control Design in Building Envelopes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is intended to provide the framework for characterizing the functions of the hygrothermal model and the level of sophistication used as inputs for each analysis. Hygrothermal modeling has become an important practice in support of the decision-making design processes involved in moisture management of building envelope systems. Increasingly, hygrothermal models are an integral part of building envelope performance assessment, retrofit, and restoration studies and provide insight in the screening of alternative design approaches affecting water management of the envelope system. Hygrothermal models are used in decision making during the design process of building envelope systems. They may also be used to assess performance of the envelopes of existing buildings, or to predict envelope performance in buildings undergoing retrofit, change in use, restoration or flood remediation. It is, therefore, important to have a methodology to document the model used in a hygrothermal investigation. This documentation provides needed characterization of the hygrothermal model to assess its credibility and suitability. This becomes even more important because of the increasing complexity of the building envelope systems for which new hygrothermal models are being developed. There are many different hygrothermal models available, each with specific capabilities, operational characteristics, and limitations. If modeling is considered for a project, it is important to determine if a hygrothermal model is appropriate for that project, or if a model exists that can perform the simulations required in the project.  
4.2 Quality assurance in a hygrothermal analysis using modeling is achieved by using the most appropriate model with all important transport mechanisms, initial conditions, and boundary conditions. A well-executed quality assurance program in hygrothermal modeling requires systematic and complete documentation of the model and the inputs followed by consisten...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide offers guidance for the characterization and use of hygrothermal models for moisture control design of building envelopes. In this context, “hygrothermal models” refers to the application of a mathematical model to the solution of a specific heat and moisture flow performance issue or problem. Hygrothermal models are used to predict and evaluate design considerations for the short-term and long-term thermal and moisture performance of building envelopes.  
1.2 Each hygrothermal model has specific capabilities and limitations. Determining the most appropriate hygrothermal model for a particular application requires a thorough analysis of the problem at hand, understanding the required transport processes involved, and available resources to conduct the analysis. Users of this guide can describe the functionality of the hygrothermal model used in an analysis in a consistent manner.  
1.3 This guide applies to hygrothermal models that range from complex research tools to simple design tools. This guide provides a protocol for matching the analysis needs and the capabilities of candidate models.  
1.4 This guide applies to the use of models that include all or part of the following thermal and moisture storage and transport phenomena: (1) heat storage of dry and wet building materials, (2) heat transport by moisture-dependent thermal conduction, (3) phase change phenomena (for example, evaporation and condensation), (4) heat transport by air convection, (5) moisture retention by vapor adsorption and capillary forces, (6) moisture transport by vapor diffusion (molecular and effusion), (7) moisture transport by liquid transport (surface diffusion and capillary flow), and (8) moisture (vapor) transport by air convection.  
1.5 This guide does not apply to cases requiring analysis of the following: (1) convection that occurs in a three-dimensional manner or through holes and cracks; (2) hydraulic, osmotic, or ...

  • Guide
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Guide
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E1423-21(Practice)
Standard Practice for Determining Steady State Thermal Transmittance of Fenestration Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice details the test specimen sizes and test conditions, namely, the room-side and weather-side air temperatures, and the surface heat transfer coefficients for both sides of the test specimen, when testing fenestration products in accordance with Test Method C1199.  
4.2 The thermal transmittance and conductance of a specimen are affected by its size and three-dimensional geometry. Tests should therefore be conducted using the specimen sizes recommended in 5.1. Should the specimen size differ from those given in 5.1, the actual size shall be reported in the test report.  
4.3 Many factors can affect the thermal performance of a fenestration system, including deflections of sealed glazing units. Care should be exercised to maintain the original physical condition of the fenestration system and while installing it in the surround panel.  
4.4 The thermal transmittance and conductance results obtained do not, and are not intended, to reflect performances expected from field installations since they do not account for solar radiation and air leakage effects. The thermal transmittance and conductance results are taken from specified laboratory conditions and are to be used only for fenestration product comparisons and as input to thermal performance analyses that also include solar and air leakage effects.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers standard test specimen sizes and test conditions as well as the calculation and presentation of the thermal transmittance and conductance data measured in accordance with Test Method C1199. The standard sizes and conditions are to be used for fenestration product comparison purposes. The specifier may choose other sizes and conditions for product development or research purposes.  
1.2 This practice deals with the determination of the thermal properties of a fenestration system installed vertically without the influences of solar heat gain and air leakage effects.
Note 1: To determine air leakage effects of fenestration systems, Test Method E283/E283M or E1424 should be referenced.
Note 2: See Appendix X1 regarding garage doors and rolling doors.  
1.3 This practice specifies the procedure for determining the standardized thermal transmittance of a fenestration test specimen using specified values of the room-side and weather-side surface heat transfer coefficients, hh and hc, respectively.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    12 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    12 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E3069-19a(Guide)
Standard Guide for Evaluation and Rehabilitation of Mass Masonry Walls for Changes to Thermal and Moisture Properties of the Wall

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Energy conservation is being addressed more often on existing and historically significant buildings constructed with solid exterior mass masonry walls. Without proper evaluation, changes to the thermal and moisture properties of the exterior walls could have serious negative impacts on the existing masonry, new or existing wall components, and building operations.  
4.2 A thorough understanding of the original construction and subsequent alterations, condition of materials, properties, initial moisture content, water and air leakage potential, and building operations are necessary before undertaking the addition of interior insulation, air barrier, vapor retarder, or other changes to thermal or vapor resistance of the wall.  
4.3 Degradation of the existing masonry along with moisture related problematic conditions and indoor air quality issues could develop if alterations are undertaken in an improper manner to the exterior wall assembly.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide addresses the evaluation of existing mass masonry walls for the potential addition of interior insulation and continuous air barrier or vapor retarder or other changes to the thermal and moisture management properties of the wall.  
1.2 This guide describes methods for evaluating moisture accumulation related problems specific to mass masonry walls. This guide does not apply to walls that include provisions to manage bulk water through internal drainage, flashings, or other measures other than the moisture storage capacity of the wall.  
1.3 This guide describes analysis, design, and specification of materials with the required thermal, air, and vapor resistance to improve the energy performance of an existing mass masonry wall, but that would not create problematic conditions to the masonry units or within the masonry wall or interior of the building.  
1.4 This guide applies to walls of masonry construction meeting the requirements of a “mass masonry wall” as defined herein. This guide does not apply to masonry walls that, by design, are intended to manage water as a barrier wall system or drainage wall system.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Guide
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E283/E283M-19(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Rate of Air Leakage Through Exterior Windows, Skylights, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under Specified Pressure Differences Across the Specimen

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is a standard procedure for determining the air leakage characteristics under specified air pressure differences at ambient conditions.
Note 2: The air pressure differences acting across a building envelope vary greatly. The factors affecting air pressure differences and the implications or the resulting air leakage relative to the environment within buildings are discussed in the literature.4-6 These factors should be fully considered in specifying the test pressure differences to be used.  
5.2 Rates of air leakage are sometimes used for comparison purposes. Such comparisons may not be valid unless the components being tested and compared are of essentially the same size, configuration, and design.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a standard laboratory procedure for determining the air leakage rates of exterior windows, skylights, curtain walls, and doors under specified differential pressure conditions across the specimen. The test method described is for tests with constant temperature and humidity across the specimen. Persons interested in performing air leakage tests on units exposed to various temperature differences across the specimen should reference Test Method E1424.  
1.2 This laboratory procedure is applicable to exterior windows, skylights, curtain walls, and doors and is intended to measure only such leakage associated with the assembly and not the installation. The test method can be adapted for the latter purpose.  
Note 1: Performing tests under uncontrolled conditions or with a temperature differential across the specimen may affect the air leakage rate. This is not addressed by this test method.  
1.3 This test method is intended for laboratory use. Persons interested in performing field air leakage tests on installed units should reference Test Method E783.  
1.4 Persons interested in evaluating air permeance of building materials should reference Test Method E2178.  
1.5 Persons interested in determining air leakage of air barrier assemblies should reference Test Method E2357.  
1.6 Persons using this procedure should be knowledgeable in the areas of fluid mechanics, instrumentation practices, and shall have a general understanding of fenestration products and components.  
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statement, see Section 7.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E3158-18(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Air Leakage Rate of a Large or Multizone Building

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method does not establish requirements for airtightness but provides means of assessing compliance with specified air-leakage rates established elsewhere.  
5.2 This test method is used to determine the airtightness of building envelopes or portions thereof by measuring the air leakage rate at specified reference pressure differentials.  
5.3 This test method provides:  
5.3.1 Specific directions for determining acceptable weather conditions for conducting the test.  
5.3.2 Two different test boundary preparation conditions; building envelope (9.1.1.1), and operational envelope (9.1.1.2).  
5.3.3 Testing conducted in a range of pressures from 10 Pa (0.04 in. WC) to 100 Pa (0.40 in. WC).  
5.4 A measurement of the air-leakage rate of the constructed building envelope. Test methods that measure the air permeance of materials (Test Method E2178) and air leakage of assemblies (Test Method E2357) alone do not address the various complexities of the constructed building envelope, including but not limited to design, sequence, constructability, workmanship, and the transitions between assemblies.  
5.5 This test method applies to all multizone and large building types and portions or subsections of buildings. It can be used to test envelopes that consist of a single zone or subsections of a zone that can be tested as a single zone. Test envelopes that are entirely composed of subsections separated by interior partitions or floors, or both, may be tested as a single zone by maintaining baseline relationships between these subsections throughout testing. (See Appendix X1. See also Test Methods E779 and E1827.) Isolated subsections, each with its own specified air-leakage rate, shall be treated as separate test envelopes and tested separately. While testing isolated subsections, monitoring must be conducted for any extraneous/flanking air movement between the different zones.  
5.6 The building preparations prior to testing (fenestration positions and pr...
SCOPE
1.1 This standard test method provides a quantitative field-test procedure and calculation method for assessing an air leakage rate using a fan-induced pressure differential(s) across the building envelope, generated by blower doors or equivalent equipment.  
1.2 Building setup conditions in accordance with defining the test boundaries appropriate for testing the envelope’s air leakage are defined in this test method.  
1.3 Procedure to determine the air pressure boundaries of the test envelope to be tested are provided in this test method.  
1.4 This test method applies to all multizone and large building types and portions or subsections thereof.  
1.5 This test method defines three test procedures: multipoint regression, repeated single point, and repeated two-point air leakage rate testing.  
1.6 This test method allows for testing the test envelope in a pressurized condition, a depressurized condition, or in both conditions and averaging the results.  
1.7 This test method applies to an air leakage rate specification with a reference pressure greater than 10 Pa (0.04 in. WC) and not greater than 100 Pa (0.40 in. WC).  
1.8 This test method describes two methods of preparation for the building in order to conduct the test: the building envelope where HVAC-related openings are excluded, and on the operational envelope where the HVAC-related openings are included.  
1.9 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance...

  • Standard
    20 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM C1363-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Thermal Performance of Building Materials and Envelope Assemblies by Means of a Hot Box Apparatus

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A need exists for accurate data on heat transfer through insulated structures at representative test conditions. The data are needed to judge compliance with specifications and regulations, for design guidance, for research evaluations of the effect of changes in materials or constructions, and for verification of, or use in, simulation models. Other ASTM standards such as Test Methods C177 and C518 provide data on homogeneous specimens bounded by temperature controlled flat impervious plates. The hot box test method is more suitable for providing such data for large building elements, usually of a built-up or composite nature, which are exposed to temperature-controlled air on both sides.  
5.2 For the results to be representative of a building construction, only representative sections shall be tested. The test specimen shall duplicate the framing geometry, material composition and installation practice, and orientation of construction (see Section 7).  
5.3 This test method does not establish test conditions, specimen configuration, or data acquisition details but leaves these choices to be made in a manner consistent with the specific application being considered. Data obtained by the use of this test method is representative of the specimen performance only for the conditions of the test. It is unlikely that the test conditions will exactly duplicate in-use conditions and the user of the test results must be cautioned of possible significant differences. For example, in some specimens, especially those containing empty cavities or cavities open to one surface, the overall resistance or transmittance will depend upon the temperature difference across the test specimen due to internal convection.  
5.4 Detailed heat flow analysis shall precede the use of the hot box apparatus for large, complex structures. A structure that contains cavity spaces between adjacent surfaces, for example, an attic section including a ceiling with sloping roof, may be difficult...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method establishes the principles for the design of a hot box apparatus and the minimum requirements for the determination of the steady state thermal performance of building assemblies when exposed to controlled laboratory conditions. This method is also used to measure the thermal performance of a building material at standardized test conditions such as those required in material Specifications C739, C764, C1224 and Practice C1373.  
1.2 This test method is used for large homogeneous or non-homogeneous specimens. This test method applies to building structures or composite assemblies of building materials for which it is possible to build a representative specimen that fits the test apparatus. The dimensions of specimen projections or recesses are controlled by the design of the hot box apparatus. Some hot boxes are limited to planar or nearly planar specimens. However, larger hot boxes have been used to characterize projecting skylights and attic sections. See 3.2 for a definition of the test specimen and other terms specific to this method.
Note 1: This test method replaces Test Methods C236, the Guarded Hot Box, and C976, the Calibrated Hot Box which have been withdrawn. Test apparatus designed and operated previously under Test Methods C236 and C976 will require slight modifications to the calibration and operational procedures to meet the requirements of Test Method C1363.2  
1.3 A properly designed and operated hot box apparatus is directly analogous to the Test Method C177 guarded hot plate for testing large specimens exposed to air induced temperature differences. The operation of a hot box apparatus requires a significant number of fundamental measurements of temperatures, areas and power. The equipment performing these measurements requires calibration to ensure that the data are accurate. During initial setup and periodic verification testing, each measurement system and sensor is calibrat...

  • Standard
    45 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    45 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM C727-19(2024)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Installation and Use of Reflective Insulation in Building Constructions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice recognizes that effectiveness, safety, and durability of reflective insulation depends not only on the quality of the insulating materials, but also on proper installation.  
4.2 There is potential for reduced thermal effectiveness, fire risks and structural deterioration when the insulation is improperly installed. Specific potential hazards from improper installation include fires caused by (1) heat build-up in recessed lighting fixtures, and (2) deterioration in wood structures and paint failure due to moisture accumulation.  
4.3 This practice provides procedures for the installation of reflective insulation in a safe and effective manner. Actual conditions in existing buildings vary greatly and in some cases additional care must be taken to ensure safe and effective installation.  
4.4 This practice presents requirements that are general in nature and practical. They are not intended as specific installation instructions. The user shall consult the manufacturer for specific applications/installations.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice has been prepared for use by the designer, specifier, and installer of reflective insulation for use in building construction. The scope is limited to recommendations relative to the use and installation of thermal insulation consisting of one or more surfaces, having an emittance of 0.1 or less such as metallic foil or metallic deposits unmounted or mounted on substrates and facing enclosed air spaces. The reflective insulation covered by this practice must meet the requirements of Specification C1224.  
1.2 This practice covers the installation process from pre-installation inspection through post-installation procedure. It does not cover the production of the insulation materials.  
1.3 This practice is not intended to replace the manufacturer's installation instructions, but shall be used in conjunction with such instructions. This practice is not intended to supercede local, state, or federal codes.  
1.4 This practice assumes that the installer possesses a good working knowledge of the applicable codes and regulations, safety practices, tools, equipment, and methods necessary for the installation of thermal insulation materials. It also assumes that the installer understands the fundamentals of construction that affect the installation of insulation.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E2357-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Air Leakage Rate of Air Barrier Assemblies

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This method is intended to simulate the performance of various air barrier materials/accessories when combined into an assembly. Based upon the results of the measurements, this procedure then assigns an air leakage rating for the air barrier assembly.  
5.2 This method does not purport to establish all criteria necessary for consideration in the selection of an air barrier assembly. The results are intended to be used for comparison purposes and may not represent the field installed performance of the air barrier assembly when installed as part of an air barrier system in a building. However, the results of these tests may be useful in determining the appropriate use of a specified air barrier system assembly.  
5.3 This method does not purport to establish all criteria necessary for air barrier systems of all construction types. Test Method E2178 provides an air permeance test method for testing of some air barrier materials. Specification E1677 provides a specification for air barrier systems for low-rise framed building walls.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the air leakage rate of air barrier assemblies that are used in building enclosures. This procedure measures the air leakage of a representative air barrier assembly before and after exposure to specific conditioning cycles and then assigns a rating dependent upon the results. Although this is a laboratory procedure, the method may also be applied to site mockups.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    11 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    11 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E970-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Exposed Attic Floor Insulation Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This fire-test-response standard is designed to provide a basis for estimating one aspect of the fire exposure behavior to exposed insulation installed on the floors of building attics. The test environment is intended to simulate conditions that have been observed and defined in full-scale attic experiments.  
5.2 The test is intended to be suitable for regulatory statutes, specification acceptance, design purposes, or development and research.  
5.3 The fundamental assumption inherent in the test is that critical radiant flux is one measure of the surface burning characteristics of exposed insulation on floors or between joists of attics.  
5.4 The test is applicable to attic floor insulation specimens that follow or simulate accepted installation practice.  
5.5 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory fire test exposure conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the anticipated end-use conditions are changed, caution should be used to predict changes in the performance characteristics measured by or from this test. Therefore, the results are strictly valid only for the fire test exposure conditions described in this procedure.  
5.5.1 If the test results obtained by this test method are to be considered in the total assessment of fire hazard in a building structure, then all pertinent established criteria for fire hazard assessment developed by Committee E-5 must be included in the consideration.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response standard describes a procedure for measuring the critical radiant flux of exposed attic floor insulation subjected to a flaming ignition source in a graded radiant heat energy environment in a test chamber. The specimen is any attic floor insulation. This test method is not applicable to those insulations that melt or shrink away when exposed to the radiant heat energy environment or the pilot burner.  
1.2 This fire-test-response standard measures the critical radiant flux at the point at which the flame advances the farthest. It provides a basis for estimating one aspect of fire exposure behavior for exposed attic floor insulation. The imposed radiant flux simulates the thermal radiation levels likely to impinge on the floors of attics whose upper surfaces are heated by the sun through the roof or by flames from an incidental fire in the attic. This fire-test-response standard was developed to simulate an important fire exposure component of fires that develop in attics, but is not intended for use in estimating flame spread behavior of insulation installed other than on the attic floor.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes, excluding those in tables and figures, shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizatio...

  • Standard
    13 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    13 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off