ASTM D6823-02
(Specification)Standard Specification for Commercial Boiler Fuels With Used Lubricating Oils
Standard Specification for Commercial Boiler Fuels With Used Lubricating Oils
ABSTRACT
This specification covers four grades of fuel oil made of used lubricating oils. These four grades of fuel are proposed for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning industrial equipment and commercial boilers under various climatic and operating conditions. The four grades of fuel oil covered in this specification are RFC4, RFC5L, RFC5H, and RFC6. The fuel oils shall contain a minimum volume of used lubricating oil-derived products as prescribed herein. The oils shall also be homogeneous consisting primarily of hydrocarbons. The fuel oil shall not contain excessive amounts of organic or inorganic acids, or both, and shall be free of solid or fibrous matter.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers four grades of fuel oil made of at least 25 % used lubricating oils. The four grades of fuel are intended for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning industrial equipment and commercial boilers under various climatic and operating conditions. These fuels are not intended for use in residential heaters.
1.1.1 Grades RFC4, RFC5L, RFC5H and RFC6 are used lubricating oil blends of increasing viscosity, with or without middle distillate or residual fuel oil, or both, that are intended for use in industrial burners and commercial boilers equipped to handle these types of fuels. This specification is for applications where Specification D 6448 would not meet the performance or other requirements of the burner or boiler in question.
Note 1—For information on the significance of the terminology and test methods used in this specification, see .
1.2 This specification is for use in contracts for the purchase of fuel oils derived from used lubricating oil and for the guidance of consumers of such fuels. This specification does not address the frequency with which any particular test must be run.
1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of national or local regulations which can be more restrictive. In some jurisdictions, used oil is considered a hazardous waste and fuels derived from used oil are required to meet certain criteria before use as a fuel.
Note 2—For U.S. federal requirements imposed on used oil generators, transporters and transfer facilities, reprocessors, marketers, and burners, see U.S. Federal Code 40 CFR 279.
Note 3—The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate burner fuel oils. For more information on the subject, see Guide D 4865.
1.4 The value stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Please
contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
An American National Standard
Designation: D 6823 – 02
Standard Specification for
Commercial Boiler Fuels With Used Lubricating Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6823; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This specification covers four grades of fuel oil made of 2.1 ASTM Standards:
at least 25 % used lubricating oils. The four grades of fuel are D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Tester
intended for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning industrial D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
equipment and commercial boilers under various climatic and Closed Cup Tester
operating conditions. These fuels are not intended for use in D95 Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and
residential heaters. Bituminous Materials by Distillation
1.1.1 Grades RFC4, RFC5L, RFC5H and RFC6 are used D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
lubricating oil blends of increasing viscosity, with or without D 129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-
middle distillate or residual fuel oil, or both, that are intended eral Bomb Method)
for use in industrial burners and commercial boilers equipped D 240 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid
to handle these types of fuels. This specification is for Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter
applications where Specification D 6448 would not meet the D 396 Specification for Fuel Oils
performance or other requirements of the burner or boiler in D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
question. and Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
ity)
NOTE 1—For information on the significance of the terminology and
D 473 Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oils and Fuel
test methods used in this specification, see Appendix X1.
Oils by the Extraction Method
1.2 This specification is for use in contracts for the purchase
D 482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
of fuel oils derived from used lubricating oil and for the
D 664 Test Method forAcid Number of Petroleum Products
guidance of consumers of such fuels. This specification does
by Potentiometric Titration
not address the frequency with which any particular test must
D 974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-
be run.
Indicator Titration
1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance
D 1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products
of national or local regulations which can be more restrictive.
(Lamp Method)
In some jurisdictions, used oil is considered a hazardous waste
D 1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
and fuels derived from used oil are required to meet certain
Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
criteria before use as a fuel.
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
D 1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products
NOTE 2—ForU.S.federalrequirementsimposedonusedoilgenerators,
transporters and transfer facilities, reprocessors, marketers, and burners,
(High-Temperature Method)
see U.S. Federal Code 40 CFR 279.
D 1796 TestMethodforWaterandSedimentinFuelOilsby
NOTE 3—The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create 2
the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
problems in the handling of distillate burner fuel oils. For more informa-
D 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
tion on the subject, see Guide D 4865.
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
D 2983 Test Method for Low-Temperature Viscosity of
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information 2
Lubricants Measured by Brookfield Viscometer
only.
D 3228 Test Method for Total Nitrogen in Lubricating Oils
and Fuel Oils by Modified Kjeldahl Method
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.P0 on Recycled Petroleum Products.
Current edition approved Aug. 10, 2002. Published November 2002. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Please
contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D6823–02
D 3245 Test Method for Pumpability of Industrial Fuel USEPA SW-846
Oils
3. Terminology
D 3828 TestMethodsforFlashPointbySmallScaleClosed
Tester 3.1 Definitions:
D 4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of 3.1.1 burner fuel oil, n—any petroleum liquid suitable for
Liquids by Digital Density Meter the generation of heat by combustion in a furnace or firebox as
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and a vapor or a spray, or a combination of both.
Petroleum Products 3.1.1.1 Discussion—Different grades are characterized pri-
D 4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum marily by viscosity ranges.
Products, and Lubricants 3.1.2 reclaiming, n—the use of cleaning methods during
D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and recycling primarily to remove insoluble contaminants, thus
making the oil suitable for further use. The methods may
Petroleum Products
D 4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum include settling, heating, dehydration, filtration, and centrifug-
ing.
Products by Energy-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-
trometry 3.1.3 recycling, n—in petroleum technology, the acquisition
of oil that has become unsuitable for its intended use, and
D 4629 Test Method for Trace Nitrogen in Liquid Petro-
leum Hydrocarbons by Syringe/Inlet Oxidative Combus- processing it in order to regain useful materials.
3.1.4 re-refining, n—the use of refining processes during
tion and Chemiluminescence Detection
recycling to produce high quality base stocks for lubricants or
D 4865 Guide for the Generation and Dissipation of Static
other petroleum products. Re-refining may include distillation,
Electricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems
hydrotreating, or treatments employing acid, caustic, solvent,
D 4868 Test Method for Estimation of Net and Gross Heat
clay, or both, or other chemicals, or a combination thereof.
of Combustion of Burner and Diesel Fuels
3.1.5 used oil, n—in petroleum product recycling, oil whose
D 5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Ele-
characteristics have changed since being originally manufac-
ments, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricat-
tured, and which is suitable for recycling.
ing Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in Base
3.1.6 waste oil, n—in petroleum technology, oil having
Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission
characteristics making it unsuitable either for further use or for
Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
economic recycling.
D 5291 Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Petroleum Products
3.2.1 commercial boiler, n—indirect heating units which
and Lubricants
transfer thermal energy to water or other fluids or gases for use
D 5384 Test Methods for Chlorine in Used Petroleum
in heating and having a heat input between 0.3 to 10 3 10
Products (Field Test Kit Method)
BTU/h.
D 5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid
3.2.2 industrial burner, n—a device which produces heat
Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
for industrial use through the combustion of liquid hydrocar-
D 6160 Test Method for Determination of Polychlorinated
bon fuels.
Biphenyls (PCBs) in Waste Materials by Gas Chromatog-
3.2.2.1 Discussion—Industrial burners are typically de-
raphy
signed for one of two applications: (1) industrial furnaces—
D 6448 Specification for Industrial Burner Fuels from Used
integral components of manufacturing processes that provide
Lubricating Oils
direct heating; for example, in aggregate, cement, lime, or
D 6450 Test Method for Flash Point by Continuously
phosphate kilns; coke ovens; or blast, smelting, melting,
Closed Cup (CCCFP) Tester
6 refining, or drying ovens and (2) industrial boilers—large
2.2 ISO Standard:
indirect heating units which transfer thermal energy to water or
ISO 8217 Petroleum Products–Fuel (Class F)–Specifica-
other fluids or gases for use in heating in industrial settings and
tions for Marine Fuels
in manufacturing processes. These boilers can be classified as
2.3 Government Standards:
utility/largeindustrialboilerswithaheatinputgreaterthan100
U.S. Federal Code CFR 761.3
3 10 BTU/h or small industrial boilers with a heat input of
U.S. Federal Code 40 CFR 279 Standards for the Manage-
between 10 to 100 3 10 BTU/h.
ment of Used Oil
3.2.3 reprocessing, n—in petroleum product recycling, the
preparation of used oil to be suitable as a fuel.
3.2.3.1 Discussion—Reprocessingincludesproceduressuch
as settling, filtration, blending, distillation, or chemical treat-
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
4 ment.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.03.
3.3 For definitions of other terms used in this specification,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.04.
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
refer to Terminology D 4175.
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
National Archives and Records Administration, Code of Federal Regulations.
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents,
732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401 (www.access.g- Available from United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Ariel
po.gov). Rios Bldg., 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460 (www.epa.gov).
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Please
contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D6823–02
NOTE 4—Prolonged storage or equipment down time may necessitate
4. Significance and Use
circulation of the fuel oil in-tank to prevent such separation.
4.1 The intention of this specification is to cover fuel oil
6.3 The fuel oil shall not contain excessive amounts of
used in industrial equipment and commercial boilers as stated
organic or inorganic acids, or both, and shall be free of solid or
in the Scope section. The use of used lube oil in marine and
fibrousmatterthatcouldcausesystemhandlingormaintenance
industrial diesel engines is a contentious issue.Amajor marine
problems. The buyer and seller should agree on any require-
fuel oil specification is ISO 8217. Fuel oils manufactured
ments for particle size.
against this standard may also meet the requirements of
ISO 8217 and can be used in marine diesel engine operations
NOTE 5—The fuels defined by this specification are appropriate for
provided compliance to ISO 8217 is demonstrated.
burners capable of handling and combusting fuels with potentially higher
metals and ash content.
5. Classification
7. Detailed Requirements
5.1 There are four grades of burner fuel containing recycled
7.1 Grade RFC4—Therequirementsforthistypeoffuelare
lubricatingoilscoveredbythisspecification.Thesegradesmay
presented in Table 1 and include fuels in the viscosity range
or may not correlate directly with similar grades in other
below5mm /s(cSt)at100°CaccordingtoTestMethodD 445.
ASTM standards. The RFC designation identifies them as
7.2 Grade RFC5L—The requirements for this type of fuel
recycledfueloil,commercialboilers.Theusagedescriptionsof
arepresentedinTable1andincludefuelsintheviscosityrange
each grade may not describe all the uses, but are included as
5.0 to 8.9 mm /s (cSt) at 100°C according to Test Method
general information. The four grades are described as follows:
D 445.
5.1.1 Grade RFC4—Primarily a blend of used lubricating
7.3 Grade RFC5H—The requirements for this type of fuel
oils and middle distillate or a reprocessed distillate product
arepresentedinTable1andincludefuelsintheviscosityrange
derived from used oil. It is intended for use in pressure
9.0 to 14.9 mm /s (cSt) at 100°C according to Test Method
atomizing industrial burners or commercial boilers with no
D 445.
pre-heating. This grade of recycled oil fuel is used in many
7.4 Grade RFC6—Therequirementsforthistypeoffuelare
medium capacity industrial burners and commercial boilers
presented in Table 1 and include fuels in the viscosity range
whereeaseofhandlingjustifiesthehighercostovertheheavier
15.0 to 50.0 mm /s (cSt) at 100°C according to Test Method
used oil fuels.
D 445.
5.1.2 Grade RFC5L—Ablend of a used lubricating oil or a
reprocessed product from used oil and middle distillate or
NOTE 6—Refer to X1.3. Viscosity measurements may be provided/
residual fuel of intermediate viscosity heavier than RFC4. It is agreed to other than the above listed temperatures.
intended for use both in pressure-atomizing industrial burners NOTE 7—In the U.S., fuel must also meet U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency (USEPA) on-specification parameters for recycled used oil
and commercial boilers not requiring higher cost middle
fuels as defined under 40 CFR Part 279.11.
distillates and in burners and commercial boilers equipped to
atomize fuel oils of higher viscosity with or without pre- 7.5 The properties listed in this specification are those of
heating. Its permissible viscosity range allows it to be pumped
greatest significance in obtaining acceptable performance of
and atomized at relatively low-storage temperatures. the burner. Only referee test methods are shown in Table 1.
5.1.3 Grade RFC5H—A used lubricating oil and residual
(See Section 8 for alternate test methods andAppendix X1 for
blend fuel, heavier than Grade RFC5L. It is intended for use in significance of test requirements.)
industrial burners and commercial boilers equipped with de- 7.5.1 Ash Content—Specific burners/boilers may be able to
vices that atomize fuel oil of higher viscosity. Preheating may handle higher ash contents without increasing maintenance.
be necessary in some types of equipment for burning and in Buyer/seller may agree on an alternate ash content based on
colder climates for handling. specific equipment capabilities.
5.1.4 Grade RFC6—A high-viscosity used lubricating oil 7.6 A representative sample shall be obtained for testing.
and fuel heavier than Grade RFC5H. It is intended for use in Practices D 4057, D 4177, or other comparable sampli
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.