ASTM D5531-17

Standard Guide for Preparation, Maintenance, and Distribution of Physical Product Standards for Color and Geometric Appearance of Coatings

ABSTRACT
This guide covers three levels of physical product standards (preparation, maintenance, and distribution) for color or geometric appearance, or both, of coatings commonly used in the coatings industry. Described here is terminology to describe each level, and techniques for generating and caring for standards. Product standards are the only standards by which products should be accepted or rejected for color or appearance. A master standard is generated from the concept color submitted by the customer. Duplicate master standards, when needed, are generated from the master standard. Working standards are generated from a duplicate master standard. They are used in the laboratory or on the production line to accept or reject the color or appearance of coatings. After initial generation, product standards must be maintained to ensure they remain valid. This guide considers the characteristics of product standards, factors to be considered in their creation, and factors to be considered in their replacement.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 High quality physical product standards for color or appearance are the keystone of a successful color control program. Standards are often grouped into three major categories: product standards, intermediate production control standards, and instrument standards. This guide deals only with physical product standards. Some instrument-based color control programs use “numerical standards,” derived from instrumental measurements of a physical product standard.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers three levels of physical product standards for color or appearance, or both, commonly used in the coatings industry, provides terminology to describe each level, and describes techniques for generating and caring for standards.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2017
• ICS: 87.020 - Paint coating processes
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.26 - Optical Properties

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5531 − 17
Standard Guide for
Preparation, Maintenance, and Distribution of Physical
Product Standards for Color and Geometric Appearance of
1
Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5531; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and
Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color
1.1 This guide covers three levels of physical product
Coordinates
standards for color or appearance, or both, commonly used in
D3134 Practice for Establishing Color and Gloss Tolerances
the coatings industry, provides terminology to describe each
D4086 Practice for Visual Evaluation of Metamerism
level, and describes techniques for generating and caring for
D4449 Test Method for Visual Evaluation of Gloss Differ-
standards.
ences Between Surfaces of Similar Appearance
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
E284 Terminology of Appearance
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
E308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using
only.
the CIE System
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the E430 Test Methods for Measurement of Gloss of High-Gloss
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Surfaces by Abridged Goniophotometry
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- E805 Practice for Identification of Instrumental Methods of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Color or Color-Difference Measurement of Materials
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. E1164 Practice for Obtaining Spectrometric Data for Object-
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
Color Evaluation
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- E1331 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Spectrophotometry Using Hemispherical Geometry
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- E1345 Practice for Reducing the Effect of Variability of
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Color Measurement by Use of Multiple Measurements
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
E1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-
surement by Tristimulus Colorimetry
2. Referenced Documents
E1349 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by
2
Spectrophotometry Using Bidirectional (45°:0° or 0°:45°)
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Geometry
D16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, and
Applications 2.2 Society of Automotive Engineers Standard:
D523 Test Method for Specular Gloss SAE J1545 Recommended Practice for Instrumental Color
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness Difference Measurement for Exterior Finishes, Textiles,
3
of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels and Colored Trim
D1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and Color
Differences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque Materials 3. Terminology
3.1 The definitions in Terminology E284 and D16 are
applicable to this standard. The terms in E284 take precedence
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
over those in D16 if differences exist.
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Subcommittee D01.26 on Optical Properties.
Current edition approved July 1, 2017. Published July 2017. Originally approved
in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D5531 – 05 (2011). DOI:
10.1520/D5531-17.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from American Architectural Manufacturers Association (AAMA),
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM 1827 Walden Office Square, Suite 550, Schaumburg, IL 60173-4268, http://
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on www.aamanet.org.Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400
the ASTM website. Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http://www.sae.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5531 − 17
3.2.1 concept color, n—the color of the material submitted 6.2 The coatings supplier should produce the physical
by the customer as the target for generating the master product standards for color. They must have the same spectral
stand
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5531 − 05 (Reapproved 2011) D5531 − 17
Standard Guide for
Preparation, Maintenance, and Distribution of Physical
Product Standards for Color and Geometric Appearance of
1
Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5531; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This guide covers three levels of physical product standards for color or appearance, or both, commonly used in the coatings
industry, provides terminology to describe each level, and describes techniques for generating and caring for standards.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
D523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
D1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and Color Differences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque Materials
D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
D3134 Practice for Establishing Color and Gloss Tolerances
D4086 Practice for Visual Evaluation of Metamerism
D4449 Test Method for Visual Evaluation of Gloss Differences Between Surfaces of Similar Appearance
E284 Terminology of Appearance
E308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE System
E430 Test Methods for Measurement of Gloss of High-Gloss Surfaces by Abridged Goniophotometry
E805 Practice for Identification of Instrumental Methods of Color or Color-Difference Measurement of Materials
E1164 Practice for Obtaining Spectrometric Data for Object-Color Evaluation
E1331 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by Spectrophotometry Using Hemispherical Geometry
E1345 Practice for Reducing the Effect of Variability of Color Measurement by Use of Multiple Measurements
E1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Measurement by Tristimulus Colorimetry
E1349 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by Spectrophotometry Using Bidirectional (45°:0° or 0°:45°) Geometry
2.2 Society of Automotive Engineers Standard:
SAE J1545 Recommended Practice for Instrumental Color Difference Measurement for Exterior Finishes, Textiles, and Colored
3
Trim
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D01.26 on Optical Properties.
Current edition approved June 1, 2011July 1, 2017. Published June 2011July 2017. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 20052011 as
D5531 - 05.D5531 DOI: 10.1520/D5531-05R11.– 05 (2011). DOI: 10.1520/D5531-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American Architectural Manufacturers Association (AAMA), 1827 Walden Office Square, Suite 550, Schaumburg, IL 60173-4268, http://
www.aamanet.org.Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http://www.sae.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5531 − 17
3. Terminology
3.1 The definitions in Terminology E284 and D16 are applicable to this standard. The
...