ASTM D480-88(1999)

Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing of Flaked Aluminum Powders and Pastes

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling, qualitative analysis, and physical testing of flaked aluminum powders and pastes (leafing and nonleafing) for coatings.
1.2 These test methods apply equally to leafing and nonleafing flaked aluminum powders and pastes except where noted to the contrary.
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.> For a specific hazard statement, see Note 1.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jul-1999
• ICS: 87.060.10 - Pigments and extenders
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.31 - Pigment Specifications

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D480-88(2003) - Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing of Flaked Aluminum Powders and Pastes
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2003
• Referred By: ASTM B215-20 - Standard Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D267-82(2020) - Standard Specification for Gold Bronze Powder
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D962-81(2020) - Standard Specification for Aluminum Powder and Paste Pigments for Paints
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D4139-04(2020) - Standard Guide for Determining Volatile and Nonvolatile Content of Pigments
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-1999

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 480 – 88 (Reapproved 1999)
Standard Test Methods for
Sampling and Testing of Flaked Aluminum Powders and
Pastes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 480; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling,
3. Significance and Use
qualitative analysis, and physical testing of flaked aluminum
3.1 Flaked aluminum pigments are produced in a variety of
powders and pastes (leafing and nonleafing) for coatings.
forms. These test methods allow the user to determine the
1.2 These test methods apply equally to leafing and non-
applicability of a given product to this use.
leafing flaked aluminum powders and pastes except where
noted to the contrary.
4. Sampling
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 Sampling is subject to mutual agreement between the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
seller and the purchaser. Place each sample in a clean, dry
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
metal or glass container which shall be nearly filled, then close
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
with a tight cover, seal, mark, and send to the laboratory for
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific
testing.
hazard statement, see Note 1.
4.2 When requested, duplicate samples may be taken from
2. Referenced Documents the same container and delivered to the seller, and the inspector
may take a third set of samples to hold for test in case of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
disagreement.
D 185 Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments,
Pastes, and Paints
5. Qualitative Analysis
D 235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
3 5.1 Significance and Use—This test method determines if
(Hydrocarbon Drycleaning Solvent)
3 there are chemical impurities, other than fatty and oily matter,
D 329 Specification for Acetone
as specified in Specification D 962, to ensure the absence of
D 962 Specification for Aluminum Powder and Paste Pig-
2 fillers or extender pigments.
ments for Paints
5.2 Procedure:
D 3980 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of Paint and
4 5.2.1 Total Impurities—Determine the total impurities by
Related Materials
weight in accordance with Test Methods E 34 and E 607 or by
E 11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Pur-
5 atomic absorption.
poses
5.2.2 Total Aluminum—Determine the total aluminum by
E 34 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Aluminum and
6 weight difference with elemental impurities in accordance with
Aluminum Alloys
5.2.1.
E 607 Test Method for Optical Emission Spectrometric
Analysis of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys by the
6. Leafing Properties
Point-to-Plane Technique, Nitrogen Atmosphere
6.1 The leafing test conditions specified are selected arbi-
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
trarily, and even though the numerical leafing value obtained
by this test method appears to be low, the pigment may give
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paint
substantially perfect leafing under the conditions of practical
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications, and is the direct responsibility of
application in a paint.
Subcommittee D01.31 on Pigment Specifications.
Current edition approved July 29, 1988. Published December 1988. Originally 6.2 Significance and Use—This leafing test method has
published as D 480 – 38. Last previous edition D 480 – 70 (1976).
been established to determine the percent of leafed aluminum
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.03.
flakes at the surface of a simulated paint formula to ensure a
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04.
bright metallic luster. Minimum leafing characteristics must
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.05.
7 8
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.06. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 480
conform to Specification D 962. the vehicle and continue stirring to obtain complete dispersion.
6.3 Apparatus: Transfer the mixture to the test tube to give a depth of about
110 mm when the specified spatula is immersed. Avoid
6.3.1 Leafing Spatula, nonmagnetic, stainless steel spatula
having the following dimensions: formation of bubbles. Dip the spatula to the bottom of the
mixture and rotate it gently through an arc of about 90° for 10
Length of blade min, in. (mm) 5.5 (139.7)
Width of blade, in. (mm) 0.540 6 0.002 (13.72 6 0.05)
s. Withdraw the spatula at a uniform rate of about 2 in. (50
Thickness of blade, in. (mm):
mm)/s. The spatula should not touch the wall of the test tube
10 mm from tip 0.0136 0.003 (0.33 6 0.08)
above the liquid level. Immediately suspend the spatula verti-
100 mm from tip 0.038 6 0.004 (0.97 6 0.10)
Shape of tip rounded or straight
cally in the glass cylinder with leafing liquid in it and allow to
remain for 3 min. Measure the height of immersion and the
The surface of the spatula shall be polished with 3/0 emery
height of complete leafing on both sides of the spatula,
or silicon carbide metallographic paper wet with mineral
measuring to the bottom of the meniscus in each case. Clean
spirits; polishing shall be repeated for 1-min intervals until a
the spatula by rinsing it in petroleum spirits and wipe dry with
consistent minimum leafing result is obtained in a typical
a clean cloth. Stir (do not shake) the mixture in the test tube
leafing test.
and repeat the determination.
6.3.2 Test Tube, 6 in. (152 mm) in length by 0.75 in. (19.0
6.8 Calculation—Calculate the leafing value L as follows:
mm) in diameter.
6.3.3 Glass Cylinder, 8 in. (203 mm) in length and 1.5 to 2.0 L 5 A/B 3 100 5 A 3 100/B
in. (38.1 to 50.8 mm) in inside diameter. A stopper shall be
where:
used and the spatula shall be attached to the stopper so as to
A 5 height of complete leafing, in. (mm), and
hang vertically in the cylinder with the tip about 1 in. (25 mm)
B 5 height of immersion, in. (mm).
from the bottom.
6.4 Reagents:
7. Coarse Particles
6.4.1 Coumarone-Idene Resin—The form commercially
7.1 This section provides two test methods for determining
known as “chipped” and having the following properties:
the percent residue retained on a sieve by wet-screening
Softening point, °C 109 to 117
techniques.
Specific gravity 1.12 to 1.16
Acid value, max 0.5 7.2 Significance and Use—These procedures determine the
Cloud point, °C, max −7
percent of coarse particles present in aluminum pigments to
ensure a smooth appearance, as required in Specification
6.4.2 Petroleum Spirits—Conforming to Specification
D 962.
D 235 and having the following additional properties:
7.3 Procedure A:
Specific gravity at 60°F (16°C) 0.800 to 0.810
Surface tension at 70°F (21°C), 24.5 7.3.1 Aluminum Powder—Fill two “straight wall” contain-
N/m, min
ers not less than 12 in. (305 mm) in diameter to a depth of not
Kauri butanol value 42 to 44
less than 4 in. (102 mm) with petroleum spirits, and fill a third
Aniline point, °F (°C) 105 to 115 (40 to 45)
similar container to a depth of not less than 3 in. (76 mm) with
6.5 Preparation of Leaf-Testing Vehicle—Prepare solution
acetone. The petroleum spirits used for the test shall conform
by dissolving 30.0 g of resin, in the form of small chips, in 100
to Specification D 235, and the aceton
...