ASTM D480-88(2003)

Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing of Flaked Aluminum Powders and Pastes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Flaked aluminum pigments are produced in a variety of forms. These test methods allow the user to determine the applicability of a given product to this use.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling, qualitative analysis, and physical testing of flaked aluminum powders and pastes (leafing and nonleafing) for coatings.
1.2 These test methods apply equally to leafing and nonleafing flaked aluminum powders and pastes except where noted to the contrary.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see 7.3.1.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2003
• ICS: 87.060.10 - Pigments and extenders
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.31 - Pigment Specifications

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D480-88(1999) - Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing of Flaked Aluminum Powders and Pastes
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2003
• Replaced By: ASTM D480-88(2008) - Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing of Flaked Aluminum Powders and Pastes
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D962-81(2020) - Standard Specification for Aluminum Powder and Paste Pigments for Paints
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D267-82(2020) - Standard Specification for Gold Bronze Powder
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D4139-04(2020) - Standard Guide for Determining Volatile and Nonvolatile Content of Pigments
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2003
• Referred By: ASTM B215-20 - Standard Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2003

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D480–88(Reapproved2003)
Standard Test Methods for
Sampling and Testing of Flaked Aluminum Powders and
Pastes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 480; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope E 607 Test Method for Optical Emission Spectrometric
Analysis of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys by the
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling,
Point-to-Plane Technique, Nitrogen Atmosphere
qualitative analysis, and physical testing of flaked aluminum
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
powders and pastes (leafing and nonleafing) for coatings.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.2 These test methods apply equally to leafing and non-
leafing flaked aluminum powders and pastes except where
3. Significance and Use
noted to the contrary.
3.1 Flaked aluminum pigments are produced in a variety of
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
forms. These test methods allow the user to determine the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
applicability of a given product to this use.
only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Sampling
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 Sampling is subject to mutual agreement between the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
seller and the purchaser. Place each sample in a clean, dry
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
metal or glass container which shall be nearly filled, then close
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific
with a tight cover, seal, mark, and send to the laboratory for
hazard statement, see 7.3.1.
testing.
4.2 When requested, duplicate samples may be taken from
2. Referenced Documents
the same container and delivered to the seller, and the inspector
2.1 ASTM Standards:
may take a third set of samples to hold for test in case of
D 185 Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments,
2 disagreement.
Pastes, and Paints
D 235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
5. Qualitative Analysis
(Hydrocarbon Drycleaning Solvent)
5.1 Significance and Use—This test method determines if
D 329 Specification for Acetone
there are chemical impurities, other than fatty and oily matter,
D 962 Specification for Aluminum Powder and Paste Pig-
as specified in Specification D 962, to ensure the absence of
ments for Paints
fillers or extender pigments.
D 3980 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of Paint and
5.2 Procedure:
Related Materials
5.2.1 Total Impurities—Determine the total impurities by
E11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Pur-
weight in accordance with Test Methods E 34 and E 607 or by
poses
atomic absorption.
E34 Test Methods for ChemicalAnalysis ofAluminum and
6 5.2.2 Total Aluminum—Determine the total aluminum by
Aluminum Alloys
weight difference with elemental impurities in accordance with
5.2.1.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on
6. Leafing Properties
Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct
responsibility of Subcommittee D01.31 on Pigment Specifications. 6.1 The leafing test conditions specified are selected arbi-
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2003. Published October 2003. Originally
trarily, and even though the numerical leafing value obtained
approved in 1938. Last previous edition approved in 1988 as D 480 – 88 (1999).
by this test method appears to be low, the pigment may give
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.03.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.
5 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.06.
6 8
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.05. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D480–88 (2003)
substantially perfect leafing under the conditions of practical 25.0 61.0 mL of the vehicle to a clean container. Weigh the
application in a paint. required aliquot of aluminum powder or paste to the nearest
6.2 Significance and Use—This leafing test method has 0.01 g and transfer to a small dish. Add about 2.5 mL of the
been established to determine the percent of leafed aluminum 25-mLquantityofvehicleandmixtoastiffpastewithaspatula
flakes at the surface of a simulated paint formula to ensure a or small stiff brush. Add approximately 5 mL more of the
bright metallic luster. Minimum leafing characteristics must vehicle and stir to a smooth mixture, then add the remainder of
conform to Specification D 962. the vehicle and continue stirring to obtain complete dispersion.
6.3 Apparatus: Transfer the mixture to the test tube to give a depth of about
6.3.1 Leafing Spatula, nonmagnetic, stainless steel spatula 110 mm when the specified spatula is immersed. Avoid
having the following dimensions: formation of bubbles. Dip the spatula to the bottom of the
mixture and rotate it gently through an arc of about 90° for 10
Length of blade min, in. (mm) 5.5 (139.7)
Width of blade, in. (mm) 0.540 6 0.002 (13.72 6 0.05)
s. Withdraw the spatula at a uniform rate of about 50 mm (2
Thickness of blade, in. (mm):
in.)/s. The spatula should not touch the wall of the test tube
10 mm from tip 0.013 6 0.003 (0.33 6 0.08)
above the liquid level. Immediately suspend the spatula verti-
100 mm from tip 0.038 6 0.004 (0.97 6 0.10)
Shape of tip rounded or straight
cally in the glass cylinder with leafing liquid in it and allow to
remain for 3 min. Measure the height of immersion and the
The surface of the spatula shall be polished with 3/0 emery
height of complete leafing on both sides of the spatula,
or silicon carbide metallographic paper wet with mineral
measuring to the bottom of the meniscus in each case. Clean
spirits; polishing shall be repeated for 1-min intervals until a
the spatula by rinsing it in petroleum spirits and wipe dry with
consistent minimum leafing result is obtained in a typical
a clean cloth. Stir (do not shake) the mixture in the test tube
leafing test.
and repeat the determination.
6.3.2 Test Tube, 152 mm (6 in.) in length by 19.0 mm (0.75
6.8 Calculation—Calculate the leafing value L as follows:
in.) in diameter.
6.3.3 Glass Cylinder, 203 mm (8 in.) in length and 38.1 to L 5 A/B 3 100 5 A 3 100/B
50.8 mm (1.5 to 2.0 in.) in inside diameter. A stopper shall be
where:
used and the spatula shall be attached to the stopper so as to
A = height of complete leafing, in. (mm), and
hang vertically in the cylinder with the tip about 25 mm (1 in.)
B = height of immersion, in. (mm).
from the bottom.
6.4 Reagents:
7. Coarse Particles
6.4.1 Coumarone-Idene Resin—The form commercially
7.1 This section provides two test methods for determining
known as “chipped” and having the following properties:
the percent residue retained on a sieve by wet-screening
Softening point, °C 109 to 117
techniques.
Specific gravity 1.12 to 1.16
Acid value, max 0.5 7.2 Significance and Use—These procedures determine the
Cloud point, °C, max −7
percent of coarse particles present in aluminum pigments to
ensure a smooth appearance, as required in Specification
6.4.2 Petroleum Spirits—Conforming to Specification
D 962.
D 235 and having the following additional properties:
7.3 Procedure A:
Specific gravity at 16°C (60°F) 0.800 to 0.810
Surface tension at 21°C (70°F), 24.5 7.3.1 Aluminum Powder—Fill two “straight wall” contain-
N/m, min
ers not less than 305 mm (12 in.) in diameter to a
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