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ASTM B480-88(2010)

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Preparation of Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys for Electroplating

Standard Guide for Preparation of Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys for Electroplating

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Metals are electroplated on magnesium for various purposes: solderability, RF grounding, hermetic sealing, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, appearance, and electrical conductivity, for example. Because magnesium is covered with a naturally occurring oxide film, usual procedures for the preparation of metals for autocatalytic or electrolytic plating cannot be used.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes two processes used for plating on magnesium and magnesium alloys: direct electroless nickel plating and zinc immersion. Some users report that the direct electroless nickel procedure does not produce quite as high a level of adhesion as zinc immersion.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  For specific hazard statements, see 5.1.1 and 5.2.9.2.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2010
ICS
25.220.10 - Surface preparation
Technical Committee
B08 - Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
Drafting Committee
B08.02 - Pre Treatment
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM B480-88(2006) - Standard Guide for Preparation of Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys for Electroplating
Effective Date
01-Nov-2010
Referred By
ASTM B689-97(2023) - Standard Specification for Electroplated Engineering Nickel Coatings
Effective Date
01-Nov-2010
Referred By
ASTM B905-00(2021) - Standard Test Methods for Assessing the Adhesion of Metallic and Inorganic Coatings by the Mechanized Tape Test
Effective Date
01-Nov-2010

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ASTM B480-88(2010) - Standard Guide for Preparation of Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys for ElectroplatingASTM B480-88(2010) - Standard Guide for Preparation of Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys for Electroplating
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ASTM B480-88(2010) - Standard Guide for Preparation of Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys for Electroplating
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: B480 − 88 (Reapproved 2010)
Standard Guide for
Preparation of Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys for
Electroplating
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B480; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
Ammonium hydroxide (NH OH) 30 mass %, density 0.895 g/L
Nitric acid (HNO ) 67 mass %, density 1.16 g/L
1.1 This guide describes two processes used for plating on
Sulfuric acid (H SO ) 93 mass %, density 1.40 g/L
2 4
magnesium and magnesium alloys: direct electroless nickel Hydrofluoric acid (HF) 70 mass %, density 1.258 g/L
Phosphoric acid (H PO ) 85 mass %, density 1.689 g/L
3 4
plating and zinc immersion. Some users report that the direct
4.2 Purity of Water—All water used for solutions, whether
electroless nickel procedure does not produce quite as high a
new or recycled, should be monitored for cations, anions, and
level of adhesion as zinc immersion.
organic matter that are known to interfere with the plating
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
process.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
5. Processes
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.1 Procedures:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1.1 Wheel polish and buff parts for smooth, highly pol-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ished surfaces.Tumble and burnish small parts.Acid pickle the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
parts after use of wire brushing or steel wool. (Warning—
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
Because of the high flammability of powdered magnesium,
statements, see 5.1.1 and 5.2.9.2.
special precautions against fire are important. Polishing and
2. Referenced Documents buffing lathes should be kept scrupulously clean. Dust from
grinding in and around lathes should be swept up and placed in
2.1 ASTM Standards:
closed containers for proper disposal. Exhaust systems should
B322 Guide for Cleaning Metals Prior to Electroplating
be cleaned frequently and the residues handled similarly. If
3. Significance and Use
abrasives are used in tumble finishing, similar precautionary
techniques should be used for the solids from the abrasive
3.1 Metals are electroplated on magnesium for various
slurry.)
purposes: solderability, RF grounding, hermetic sealing, wear
5.1.2 Chemical—Remove oil and grease in an alkaline soak
resistance, corrosion resistance, appearance, and electrical
cleaner. Remove other soils and coatings in suitable acid
conductivity,forexample.Becausemagnesiumiscoveredwith
pickling solutions.
a naturally occurring oxide film, usual procedures for the
preparation of metals for autocatalytic or electrolytic plating
NOTE 1—General information on the cleaning of metals is given in
cannot be used.
Practice B322.
5.2 General Electroplating Procedure:
4. Reagents
5.2.1 Remove oil, grease, and other soils left from preplat-
4.1 PurityofReagents—Allacidsandchemicalsusedinthis
ing procedures by soak cleaning in an alkaline cleaner suitable
guide are of technical grade.Acid and base solutions are based
for magnesium.
on the following assay materials:
5.2.2 Rinse in cold water.
NOTE 2—As generally used in rinsing terminology, cold water refers to
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 on Metallic and
water from an unheated water supply as opposed to heated water used for
Inorganic Coatingsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B08.02 on Pre
drying or other purposes. In some areas, particularly in water, ambient
Treatment.
water temperatures may be too low for effective rinsing. In those
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originally
instances, the rinse water may need to be heated.Aminimum temperature
approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as B480 – 88 (2006).
of 16°C is recommended for effective rinsing.
DOI: 10.1520/B0480-88R10.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.2.3 Electroclean parts in an alkaline electrocleaner suit-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ableformagnesium.Makethemagnesiumcathodicat7.5to13
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. A/dm and 85°C.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
B480 − 88 (2010)
5.2.4 Rinse in cold water. ion. Colorimetric (paper) methods may be used. However, the
5.2.5 Pickle in one of the following solutions: colorimetric readings may vary 60.5 pH units.)
5.2.10 Rinse thoroughly in cold water.
5.2.5.1 Ferric Nitrate Pickle:
Chromic acid (CrO ) 180 g/L
NOTE 6—For alloys M1660, M13120, M13312, or M13310, a double
Ferric nitrate (Fe(NO )·9H O) 40 g/L
3 2
zinc immersion is required. After step 5.2.10, steps 5.2.7-5.2.10 are
Potassium fluoride (KF) 3.5 g/L
repeated followed by step 5.2.11. It is advisable to use separate solutions
Temperature 16 to 38°C
for steps 5.2.7 and 5.2.9 when the double zinc immersion technique is
Time 15sto3min
practiced.
NOTE 3—This pickle removes metal from a surface at the rate of 3
5.2.11 Copper strike in either of the following:
µm/minat38°C.Wherenodimensionalchangecanbetolerated,useofthe
chromic acid pickle in 5.2.5.2 is recommended. Bath 1:
5.2.5.2 Chromic Acid Pickle:
Copper cyanide (CuCN) 38 to 42 g/L
Potassium cyanide (KCN) 64.5 to 71.5 g/L
Chromic acid (CrO ) 180 g/L
Potassium fluoride (KF) 28.5 to 31.5 g/L
Temperature 16 to 93°C
Free potassium cyanide 7 to 8 g/L
Time 2to10min
pH 9.6 to 10.4
NOTE 4—The use of chromic acid pickles may leave chromate films on Temperature 54 to 60°C
the surface that will reduce the adhesion of the subsequently deposited
Bath 2:
coating.
5.2.6 Rinse in cold water. Copper cyanide (CuCN) 38 to 42 g/L
Sodium cyanide (NaCN) 50 to 55 g/L
5.2.7 Activate in the following solution:
Rochelle salt (KNaC H O ·4H O) 40 to 48 g/L
4 4 6 2
Phosphoric acid, (H PO ) 20 % by vol Free sodium cyanide 7 to 8 g/L
3 4
Ammonium bifluoride (NH HF ) 105 g/L
pH 9.6 to 10.4
4 2
Temperature 16 to 38°C
Temperature 54 to 60°C
Time 15sto2min
5.2.11.1 Platethepartsabout6min.Cathoderodagitationis
5.2.8 Rinse in cold water.
suggested. With either bath make electrical contact quickly
5.2.9 Zinc coat in the following solution:
withinitialcurrent5to10A/dm ,thenlowercurrentto1to2.5
Zinc sulfate (ZnSO ·H O) 30 g/L
4 2 A/dm .
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (Na P O ) 120 g/L
4 2 7
5.2.12 Rinse thoroughly in cold water.
Sodium fluoride (NaF) or 5 g/L or
5.2.13 Dip in diluted acid (1 % by vol sulfuric acid + 99 %
Lithium fluoride (LiF) 2 g/L
Sodium carbonate (Na CO)5g/L
by vol water).
2 3
5.2.14 Rinse in cold water.
5.2.9.1 Because of the low solubility of the tetrasodium
5.2.15 Apply subsequent electrodeposits or autocatalytic
pyrophosphate, it is generally necessary to mix this solution in
nickel in accordance with standard commercial electroplating
an elevated temperature from 70 to 85°C. It is also advanta-
practice. Use plastisol-coated racks that are fitted with stain-
geous to alternately add portions of the zinc sulfate and
less steel or phosphor-bronze rack tips.
pyrophosphate. When these ingredients are completely
...

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Standard Guide for Preparation of Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys for Electroplating

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Metals are electroplated on magnesium for various purposes: solderability, RF grounding, hermetic sealing, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, appearance, and electrical conductivity, for example. Because magnesium is covered with a naturally occurring oxide film, usual procedures for the preparation of metals for autocatalytic or electrolytic plating cannot be used.
SCOPE
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1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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