ASTM D7484-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method was developed to assess the performance of a heavy-duty engine oil in controlling engine wear under operating conditions selected to accelerate soot production and valve-train wear in a turbocharged and aftercooled four-cycle diesel engine with sliding tappet followers equipped with exhaust gas recirculation hardware.
The design of the engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, modern diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, shall be considered when extrapolating test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the Cummins ISB Test, covers the utilization of a modern, 5.9-L, diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and is used to evaluate oil performance with regard to valve-train wear.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units, inch-pound units, or other units are to be regarded separately as the primary units.
1.2.1 For each parameter, the primary units are shown first. Secondary units may be shown in parentheses, for information purposes only. These secondary units may or may not be exact equivalents to the primary units.
1.2.2 SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, and tubing size.
1.2.3 See also A8.1 for clarification; it does not supersede 1.2.1 and 1.2.2.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.
1.4 Table of Contents:
Section Scope1 Referenced Documents2 Terminology3 Summary of Test Method4 Significance and Use5 Apparatus6 Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents7 Preparation of Apparatus8 Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests9 Test Procedure10 Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity11 Report13 Precision and Bias14 Annexes Safety PrecautionsAnnex A1 Intake Air AftercoolerAnnex A2 The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts KitAnnex A3 Sensor Locations and Special HardwareAnnex A4 External Oil SystemAnnex A5 Fuel SpecificationAnnex A6 Cummins Service PublicationsAnnex A7 Specified Units and FormatsAnnex A8 Oil AnalysesAnnex A9
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D7484 – 08
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear
Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7484; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Any properly equipped laboratory, without outside assistance, can use the procedure described in
this test method. However, theASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) provides reference oils and an
assessment of the test results obtained on those oils by the laboratory. By these means, the laboratory
will know whether its use of the test method gives results statistically similar to those obtained by
other laboratories. Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services in
seeking qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S. Army imposes such a
requirement in connection with several Army engine lubricating oil specifications.
Accordingly, this test method is written for use by laboratories that utilize the TMC services.
Laboratories that choose not to use these services may simply ignore those portions of the test method
that refer to the TMC.
This test method may be modified by means of information letters issued by theTMC. In addition,
the TMC may issue supplementary memoranda related to the method.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the Cummins
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for
ISB Test, covers the utilization of a modern, 5.9-L, diesel
general safety precautions.
engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and is used to
1.4 Table of Contents:
evaluate oil performance with regard to valve-train wear.
Section
1.2 The values stated in either SI units, inch-pound units, or
Scope 1
other units are to be regarded separately as the primary units.
Referenced Documents 2
1.2.1 For each parameter, the primary units are shown first. Terminology 3
Summary of Test Method 4
Secondary units may be shown in parentheses, for information
Significance and Use 5
purposes only. These secondary units may or may not be exact
Apparatus 6
equivalents to the primary units.
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents 7
Preparation of Apparatus 8
1.2.2 SI units are provided for all parameters except where
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests 9
thereisnodirectequivalentsuchastheunitsforscrewthreads,
Test Procedure 10
national pipe threads/diameters, and tubing size. Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity 11
Report 12
1.2.3 See also A8.1 for clarification; it does not supersede
Precision and Bias 13
1.2.1 and 1.2.2.
Annexes
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the Safety Precautions Annex A1
Intake Air Aftercooler Annex A2
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit Annex A3
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware Annex A4
External Oil System Annex A5
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Fuel Specification Annex A6
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
Cummins Service Publications Annex A7
D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.
Specified Units and Formats Annex A8
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2008. Published November 2008. DOI:
Oil Analyses Annex A9
10.1520/D7484-08.
ASTMTestMonitoringCenter,6555PennAvenue,Pittsburgh,PA15206-4489.
www.astmtmc.cmu.edu.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D7484 – 08
2. Referenced Documents Engine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence
D5967 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in
2.1 ASTM Standards:
T-8 Diesel Engine
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
Atmospheric Pressure D6078 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Fuels by the Scuffing Load Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity
Evaluator (SLBOCLE)
Closed Cup Tester
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
D6838 Test Method for Cummins M11 High Soot Test
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Pe-
D6975 Test Method for Cummins M11 EGR Test
troleum Products by Copper Strip Test
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
Determine Conformance with Specifications
(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
E344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
etry
ity)
D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
3. Terminology
D524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of
Petroleum Products 3.1 Definitions:
D613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
3.1.1 blind reference oil, n—a reference oil, the identity of
D664 Test Method forAcid Number of Petroleum Products
which is unknown by the test facility.
by Potentiometric Titration
3.1.1.1 Discussion—This is a coded reference oil that is
D976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of Distillate
submitted by a source independent from the test facility.
Fuels
D4175
D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid
3.1.2 blowby, n—in internal combustion engines, the com-
Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
bustion products and unburned air-and-fuel mixture that enter
D2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate
the crankcase. D4175
Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method)
3.1.3 calibrate, v—to determine the indication or output of
D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products
a measuring device with respect to that of a standard. E344
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
3.1.4 candidate oil, n—an oil that is intended to have the
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
performance characteristics necessary to satisfy a specification
D2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle
and is to be tested against that specification. D4175
Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
3.1.5 crosshead, n—an overhead component, located be-
D3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus-
tween the rocker arm and each intake-valve and exhaust-valve
tion of Aviation Fuels
pair, that transfers rocker arm travel to the opening and closing
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
of each valve pair.
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
3.1.5.1 Discussion—Each cylinder has two crossheads, one
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum
for each pair of intake valves and exhaust valves. D6838
Products, and Lubricants
D4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum 3.1.6 exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), n—a method by
Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec- which a portion of engine’s exhaust is returned to its combus-
trometry tion chambers via its inlet system. D6975
D4739 Test Method for Base Number Determination by
3.1.7 heavy-duty, adj—in internal combustion engine op-
Potentiometric Hydrochloric Acid Titration
eration, characterized by average speeds, power output and
D5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Ele-
internal temperatures that are close to the potential maximums.
ments, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricat-
D4175
ing Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in Base
3.1.8 non-reference oil, n—any oil other than a reference
Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission
oil,suchasaresearchformulation,commercialoilorcandidate
Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
oil. D4175
D5186 Test Method for Determination of the Aromatic
3.1.9 non-standard test, n—a test that is not conducted in
ContentandPolynuclearAromaticContentofDieselFuels
conformance with the requirements in the standard test
and Aviation Turbine Fuels By Supercritical Fluid Chro-
method; such as running in an uncalibrated test stand or using
matography
different test equipment, applying different equipment assem-
D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in
bly procedures, or using modified operating conditions.
Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel
D4175
3.1.10 overhead, n—in internal combustion engines, the
components of the valve-train located in or above the cylinder
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
head. D6838
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3.1.11 reference oil, n—an oil of known performance char-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. acteristics, used as a basis for comparison.
D7484 – 08
3.1.11.1 Discussion—Reference oils are used to calibrate 4.5 Oil performance is determined by assessing crosshead
testing facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, or wear, tappet weight loss and camshaft wear.
to evaluate other materials (such as seals) that interact with
5. Significance and Use
oils. D4175
3.1.12 sludge, n—in internal combustion engines, a deposit,
5.1 This test method was developed to assess the perfor-
principally composed of insoluble resins and oxidation prod-
mance of a heavy-duty engine oil in controlling engine wear
uctsfromfuelcombustionandthelubricant,thatdoesnotdrain
under operating conditions selected to accelerate soot produc-
from engine parts but can be removed by wiping with a cloth.
tion and valve-train wear in a turbocharged and aftercooled
D4175
four-cycle diesel engine with sliding tappet followers equipped
3.1.13 test oil, n—any oil subjected to evaluation in an
with exhaust gas recirculation hardware.
established procedure. D4175
5.2 The design of the engine used in this test method is
3.1.14 valve-train, n—in internal combustion engines, the
representativeofmany,butnotall,moderndieselengines.This
series of components such as valves, crossheads, rocker arms,
factor,alongwiththeacceleratedoperatingconditions,shallbe
push rods and camshaft, that open and close the intake and
considered when extrapolating test results.
exhaust valves. D6838
3.1.15 wear, n—the loss of material from a surface, gener- 6. Apparatus
ally occurring between two surfaces in relative motion, and
6.1 Test-Engine Configuration:
resulting from mechanical or chemical action or a combination
6.1.1 Test Engine—The Cummins ISB is a 5.9-L, in-line,
of both.
six-cylinder, diesel engine. It is turbocharged, aftercooled, and
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
has an overhead valve configuration. It features a 2004
3.2.1 lug, v—in internal combustion engine operation,to
emissions configuration with electronic control of fuel meter-
run the engine in a condition characterized by a combined
ing and common rail fuel injection. Obtain the test engine and
mode of relatively low-speed and high-power output, with the
the engine build parts kit from the Central Parts Distributor
,
potential to cause hesitation. 5 6
(CPD). The components of the engine build parts kit are
3.2.2 ramp, v—to change an engine condition at a pre-
shown in Table A3.1.
scribed rate when changing from one set of operating condi-
6.1.2 Remote Oil Heat Exchanger and Bypass Plate—
tions to another set of operating conditions.
Remove the stock oil heat exchanger from the engine and
5,6
3.2.2.1 Discussion—When ramping the engine speed down
replace with a bypass plate (part number ISB-OCBP) shown
to a condition such that the engine lugs, the speed is forced
in Fig. A4.1. Attach a remote bypass (part number 149-0118-
6,7
down by increasing the load in a such a way that the speed
00) to the filter head, as shown in Fig. A4.2. The bypass
comes to idle before zero load condition is reached.
allowscontroloftheoiltemperaturebydirectingtheoiltoflow
3.2.3 tappet, n—in internal combustion engines, a valve-
through a 76 mm 3 102 mm (3 in. 3 14 in.) dual-pass, remote
,
6 8
train component, located between the camshaft and push rod,
oil heat exchanger (part number SN16-003-014-004) as
that transfers cam lobe travel to the rocker arm, opening and
shown in Fig. A4.3. The oil lines to and from the remote oil
closing a pair of intake or exhaust valves.
heat exchanger and filter head shall not be greater than one 1
m long and shall be 19.3 mm (% in.) nominal outer diameter
4. Summary of Test Method
tubing (Aeroquip “-12” or equivalent).
4.1 This test method uses a Cummins 5.9-L, ISB diesel
6.1.3 OilPanModification—Modifytheoilpanasshownin
engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and featuring
Fig. A4.4.
an EPA 2004 emissions configuration. Test operation includes
6.1.4 Engine Control Module (ECM)—Obtain the ECM
a 17-min warm-up, an 80-h break-in and a 350-h test cycle ,
5 6
from the CPD. Information about the ECM is given in a
comprising stages A and B. During stage A the engine is 10,11
Cumminspublication. UsethelatestCumminsengineering
operated with retarded, fuel-injection timing to generate excess
tools to retard injection timing in order to increase soot
soot; during stage B the engine is operated at cyclic conditions
to induce valve-train wear.
4.2 Prior to each test, the engine is cleaned and assembled
This CPD is the sole source of supply of the test engine, engine build parts kit
with new, valve-train components.All aspects of the assembly
and the ECM known to the committee at this time is Test Engineering, Inc., 12718
are specified. Cimarron Path, Suite 102, San Antonio, TX 78249-3423, www.tei-net.com.
If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to
4.3 A forced oil drain, an oil sampling, and an oil addition
ASTM. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the
are performed at the end of each 25-h period for the first 100
responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
h of the test. Thereafter, oil samples are taken every 50 h. Oil
The sole source of supply of this bypass known to the committee at this time
is W G Sourcing, Inc., 2650 Pleasantdale Road #10, Atlanta, GA 30340. www.wg-
additions are not made during the last 250 h of the test cycle.
sourcing.net.
4.4 The test stand is equipped with the appropriate instru-
The sole source of supply of the remote oil heat exchanger known to the
mentation to control engine speed, fuel flow and other operat-
committee at this time is Kinetic Engineering Corporation, 2055 Silber Road
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.