ASTM D3910-98
(Practice)Standard Practices for Design, Testing, and Construction of Slurry Seal
Standard Practices for Design, Testing, and Construction of Slurry Seal
SCOPE
1.1 These practices cover the design, testing, and construction of mixtures for surface treatment of pavements. It is written as a guide and should be used as such. End-use specifications should be adapted to conform to job and user requirements.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D3910–98
Standard Practices for
Design, Testing, and Construction of Slurry Seal
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3910; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 These practices cover the design, testing, and construc- 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
tion of mixtures for surface treatment of pavements. It is 3.1.1 emulsified asphalt slurry seal mixtures— as related to
written as a guide and should be used as such. End-use these practices, mixtures of fine aggregate with or without
specifications should be adapted to conform to job and user mineral filler, with or without mixing water, uniformly mixed
requirements. with emulsified asphalt.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Significance and Use
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 These slurry seal practices are written as a guide and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- should not be construed as specifications.
4.2 End-use specifications should be adopted to conform to
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
job and user requirements.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Design
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 128 Test Method for Specific Gravity and Absorption of 5.1 Aggregates:
5.1.1 The fine aggregate shall consist of natural or manu-
Fine Aggregate
D 242 Specification for Mineral Filler for Bituminous Pav- factured sand, slag, crushed fines or other mineral aggregate
that conforms to the quality requirements of Specification
ing Mixtures
D 977 Specification for Emulsified Asphalt D 1073.
D 1073 Specification for Fine Aggregate for Bituminous 5.1.2 Recommended grading requirements are shown in
Table 1.
Paving Mixtures
D 2397 Specification for Cationic Emulsified Asphalt 5.1.3 Smooth-textured sand of less than 1.25 % water ab-
sorptionshallnotexceed50 %ofthetotalcombinedaggregate.
D 2419 Test Method for Sand EquivalentValue of Soils and
Fine Aggregate (For heavy duty surface requirements, use 100 % crushed
material.)
E 145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-
Ventilation Ovens 5.1.4 When tested by Test Method D 2419, the combined
aggregatepriortotheadditionofanychemicallyactivemineral
2.2 Other Documents:
ISSA Technical Bulletin No. 139 Test Method to Classify fillers shall have a sand equivalent of not less than 45.
5.2 Mineral Filler:
EmulsifiedAsphalt/Aggregate Mixture Systems by Modi-
fied Cohesion Tester Measurement of Set and Cure Char- 5.2.1 Mineral fillers are of two types, chemically active and
chemically inactive. Both shall conform to Specification
acteristics.
D 242.
5.2.2 Chemically active mineral fillers such as portland
These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-4 on Road
cement, hydrated lime, and ammonium sulfate are used to
and Paving Materialsand are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.24 on
improve the workability, regulate the setting time and, in some
Bituminous Macadams and Surface Treatments.
cases, to alter the aggregate gradation.
Current edition approved June 10, 1998. Published March 1999. Originally
published as D 3910 – 80. Last previous edition D 3910 – 96.
5.2.3 Chemically inactive mineral fillers such as limestone
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
dust, flyash, and rock dust are used mainly to alter aggregate
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03.
4 gradation.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Available from the International Slurry Surfacing Association, 1200 19th St.
NW, Suite 300, Washington, DC. 20036-2401.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D3910
TABLE 1 Grading Requirements for Aggregate
mix-designedslurryshouldbesetattheendof12h.-hsettime
Amount Passing Sieve, weight % is considered acceptable for a quick setting slurry (see 6.2).
Sieve Size
5.4.6 Cure Time—This test is used to determine initial
Type 1 Type 2 Type 3
cohesion of slurry mat and resistance to traffic. A properly
⁄8in. (9.5 mm) 100 100 100
No. 4 (4.75 mm) 100 90 to 100 70 to 90 designed slurry mix should be completely cured at the end of
No. 8 (2.36 mm) 90 to 100 65 to 90 45 to 70
24 h after placement (see 6.3).
No. 16 (1.18 mm) 65 to 90 45 to 70 28 to 50
5.4.7 Wet Track Abrasion Test—This test method covers
No. 30 (600 µm) 40 to 60 30 to 50 19 to 34
No. 50 (300 µm) 25 to 42 18 to 30 12 to 25 measurement of the wearing qualities of slurry seal under wet
No. 100 (150 µm) 15 to 30 10 to 21 7 to 18
abrasion conditions.
No. 200 (75µ m) 10 to 20 5 to 15 5 to 15
NOTE 1—As a guide, slurry shall not show a loss of more than 807.44
2 2
g/m (75 g/ft ).
5.3 Emulsified Asphalt—The emulsified asphalt shall con-
6. Test Methods for Emulsified Asphalt Slurry Seal
form to Grade SS-1h of Specification D 977, for emulsified
6.1 Consistency Test:
asphalt, or Grade CSS-1h of Specification D 2397, for cationic
6.1.1 This test method is used to determine the proper
emulsified asphalt.
consistency (mix design) for a slurry seal mixture.
5.3.1 Quick-Set emulsified asphalts, QS-1h and CQS-1h
6.1.2 The consistency test should be performed as a method
may also be used. They conform to Specifications D 977 and
of determining the optimum mix design (proper ratio of
D 2397 respectively, except that the test requirements for
aggregate, filler, water, and emulsion) as related to proper
cement mixing and storage stability shall not apply. Refer to
consistencyforpavementsurfaceplacement.Severalmixesare
the International Slurry Surfacing Association (ISSA) Bulletin
made using dried aggregate and various ratios of portland
No. 139.
cement, or hydrated lime and or chemical modifier, water and
5.4 Composition of Slurry Seal Mixtures:
asphalt emulsion. Mix time shall be for no less than 1 min and
5.4.1 A job mixture shall be selected that conforms to the
not longer than 3 min when mixed at 25 6 1°C (77 6 3°F).
specification limits, and that is suitable for the traffic, climatic
NOTE 2—Ideal relative humidity for this test is 50 6 5 %. Results will
conditions, curing conditions, and final use.All materials to be
vary at different relative humidity values.
used shall be pretested for their suitability in the mixture as
6.1.3 Mold, metal or plastic, in the form of a frustum of a
described in Section 6.
1 1
cone 38 mm (1 ⁄2 in.) in diameter at the top, 89 mm (3 ⁄2 in.) in
5.4.2 The mixture shall attain an initial set in not less than
diameter at the bottom and 76 mm (3 in.) in height (see Test
15 min nor more than 12 h. The setting time may be regulated
Method C 128 and Fig. 1).
by the addition of mineral fillers or chemical agents.
6.1.4 The center of a 228 by 228-mm (9 by 9-in.) piece of
5.4.3 The mixture shall be one of three types, whose
3-mm( ⁄8-in.)thickmetalplateisinscribedwithacircle89mm
combined aggregates conform to the gradation requirements of
(3 ⁄2in.) in diameter. Three to four additional circles, each 13
Table 1.
mm ( ⁄2 in.) greater in diameter than the preceding circle, are
5.4.3.1 Type 1 is suitable to seal cracks, fill voids, and
inscribed on the metal plate around the center circle.
correct surface erosion conditions.The residual asphalt content
shall be from 10 to 16 weight % of dry aggregate. It shall be
NOTE 3—Plasticplatesaresubjecttoeventualcrazingandabrasionloss
2 2
applied at a rate of 3.3 to 5.4 kg/m (6 to 10 lb/yd ). This type
of the inscribed circles.
is used on airfields where surface sealing and skid resistance
6.1.5 The mold as described in 6.1.3 is loosely filled with a
are the primary needs.
test slurry mix and struck off. The mold and contents are then
5.4.3.2 Type 2 is suitable to fill surface voids, correct severe
invertedinthecenterofthemetalplateasdescribedin6.1.4by
surface erosion conditions, and provide a minimum wearing
placing the inscribed surface of the metal plate on the slurry-
surface. The residual asphalt content shall be from 7.5 to 13.5
filledconewhich,whileholdingconeandplatefirmlytogether,
weight % of dry aggregate. It shall be applied at a rate of 5.4
is quickly inverted. The mold is removed and the contents
2 2
to 8.2 kg/m (10 to 15 lb/yd ).This type is used on airfields and
allowed to flow over the inscribed circles until flow of the
pavements that are severely eroded, or have numerous cracks.
slurry stops. Project aggregate and emulsion grade are consid-
It may also be used as wearing surface on bituminous base
ered essential for proper relevancy of the method.
courses or soil-cement bases, or as a sealer on stabilized base
NOTE 4—Referenced ISSATechnical Bulletin No. 106 titled “Measure-
courses.
ment of Slurry Seal Consistency.”
5.4.3.3 Type 3 is suitable to provide a new wearing surface
or build up a crown. The residual asphalt content shall be from 6.2 Set Time:
6.5to12weight %ofdryaggregate.Itshallbeappliedatarate 6.2.1 Thistestmethodisusedtodeterminethetimerequired
2 2
of 8.2 or more kg/m (15 or more lb/yd ). for the slurry mat to reach initial set (resistance to paper blot).
5.4.4 Consistency Test—This test is used to determine 6.2.2 The slurry mix or mixtures that provide the desired
optimum mix design for aggregate, filler, water, and emulsion. consistency shall be repeated to determine their setting char-
A flow of 2 to 3 cm (1 in.) is considered to be the consistency acteristics.Amix passing the consistency test is poured onto a
normally required for a workable field mix (see 6.1). 152 by 152-mm (6 by 6-in.) asphalt felt pad (13.6 kg (30 lb)
5.4.5 Set Time—This test determines the time required for roofing felt) and screeded to 6 mm ( ⁄4 in.) thickness using a
slurry to reach initial set with paper blot method. A properly 6-mm template.At the end of 15 min, at 25 6 1°C (77 6 3°F)
D3910
FIG. 1 Cone Consistency Test
and 506 5 % relative humidity, a white paper towel or tissue to that exerted by an average automobile. The rubber foot is
is lightly pressed or blotted on the slurry surface. If no brown twisted by means of a hand torque tester (see 6.3.4) which
stain is transferred to the paper, the slurry is considered set. If reads in inch pounds or inch ounces (see Table 2). The torque
a brown stain does appear, repeat the blot procedure at 15-min procedure is repeated at 15–30 min intervals until the highest
intervals.After3hofblotting,30-min(orlonger)blotintervals torque reading obtainable remains constant. An undisturbed
would be suitable. Record and report the time required to site on the slurry pad should be selected for each time-interval
obtain a stain-free blot as the set time. test. The time required to reach a constant maximum torque or
6.3 Cure Time: until the rubber foot rides freely over slurry mat without any
6.3.1 Total cure of a slurry mat is obtained when complete aggregate particles being dislodged, is recorded as the cure
cohesion between asphalt-coated aggregate particles occurs.A time.
cohesion testing device is used to measure cure time.
6.3.2 Aslurry mix of optimum design obtained from use of
the consistency test (see 5.4.4), is screeded onto a roofing felt TABLE 2 Pneumatic Cohesion Tester Chart
pad to a thickness not exceeding the height of the largest
kPa (psi on foot)
psi (on gage) psi (on foot)
multiplied by 6.894
aggregate fragment present in the mix. A template is recom-
mended to obtain uniform thickness of the slurry mat. 4.5 5 34.5
8.9 10 68.9
6.3.3 After set of the slurry mat has occurred (5.4.5), the
13.3 15 103.4
mat is placed beneath the pneumatically actuated rubber foot
17.7 20 137.9
(25.4mm(1in.)indiameter)ofthecohesiontester(see6.3.4). 22.1 25 172.4
24.8 28 193.0
A pressure of 193 kPa (28 psi) is considered to be equivalent
26.6 30 206.8
31.0 35 241.3
35.4 40 275.8
6 39.9 45 310.2
A suitable rubber foot, having a durometer hardness range of 50 to 70, can be
44.3 50 344.7
cut from a used automobile tire.
D3910
6.3.4 Cohesion tester is a lightweight, portable device weighed. The loss in weight expressed as grams per square
which can be adjusted to apply varying pressure to a slurry pad metre (or square foot) is reported as the wear value (WTAT
(see Figs. 2 and 3). Torque can be applied with a torqometer. loss).
The cohesion tester can be used in the laboratory or field and 6.4.2 Apparatus:
can be pressured with in-house air, a portable compressor, or a 6.4.2.1 Balance, capable of weighing 5 000 g to within6
simple bicycle tire pump. 1.0 g.
6.4 Wet Track Abrasion Test: 6.4.2.2 Planetary Type Mechanical Stirrer, (such as the
6.4.1 Summary of Test Method: Hobart Model N-50, Model C-100 or Model A-120 made by
6.4.1.1 A slurry mixture of fine graded aggregate, asphalt the Hobart Manufacturing Co., Troy, Ohio) equipped with a
emulsion, and water is prepared to a homogeneous flowing (5-lb) weighted rubber hose holding device (abrasion head)
consistency (see consistency test). The slurry is formed into a with about 12.7-mm ( ⁄2-in.) free up-and-down movement in
disk by pouring in the circular opening of a poly(methyl) the shaft sleeve (Fig. 4).
methacrylate (PMMA) template resting on a larger circlet of 6.4.2.3 Heavy—( ⁄8-in.) Flat-Bottom Metal Pan, approxi-
13.62-kg (30-lb) roofing felt. mately330mm(13in.)indiameterwith51-mm(2-in.)vertical
6.4.1.2 After removal of the template, the disk-shaped side walls (20 gage or heavier) having four equispaced screw
specimen is dried to constant weight at 60°C (140°F). The clamps capable of securing 285 mm (11 ⁄4 in.) diameter
curedslurryisplacedinawaterbathfor1h,thenmechanically specimen to bottom of pan (Fig. 5).
abraded under water with a rubber hose for 5 min.The abraded 6.4.2.4 Suitable Heavy Gage Round Bottom Bowl, to con-
specimen is washed free of debris, dried at 60°C (140°F) and tain the sample during mixing.
Hobart mixers, Model N-50 and Model A-120, are available from the Hobart
Available from Benedict Slurry Seal, Inc., 561 Cottingwood Ct., Dayton, OH
Manufacturing Co., Troy, OH 45374. Model C-100 has been discontinued.
45429-3458.
Abrasion Head and mixer assembly available from Scan Road Inc., P.O. Box
The Model TQX-2FU Torqometer, available from Snap-On Tools Corp., 2115
7677,4914FortAvenue,Waco,TX76714-7677,andBenedictSlurrySeal,Inc.,561
S. 162nd St., P.O. Box 46, New Berlin, WI 53151, or equivalent, has been found
Cottingwood C
...
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