ASTM D3520-88(1998)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Quenching Time of Heat-Treating Fluids (Magnetic Quenchometer Method) (Withdrawn 2008)
Standard Test Method for Quenching Time of Heat-Treating Fluids (Magnetic Quenchometer Method) (Withdrawn 2008)
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for making an evaluation of the quenching speed characteristics of petroleum fluids used in the quenching of metals by means of the Magnetic Quenchometer. Note 1-A comparison method for testing the hardenability of steel is Method A255.
1.2 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Notes 5, 6, 17, 18, and 19.
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An American National Standard
Designation:D3520–04
Standard Test Method for
Quenching Time of Heat-Treating Fluids (Magnetic
Quenchometer Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3520; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for making a
and Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
comparative evaluation of the quenching speed characteristics
ity)
of petroleum fluids used in the quenching of metals by means
D484 Specification for Hydrocarbon Drycleaning Sol-
of the Magnetic Quenchometer.
vents
NOTE 1—Acomparison method for testing the hardenability of steel is
D1218 Test Method for Refractive Index and Refractive
Test Method A255.
Dispersion of Hydrocarbon Liquids
NOTE 2—An additional comparison method for evaluation of the
D1744 Test Method for Water in Liquid Petroleum Prod-
quenching speed characteristics of petroleum fluids used in the quenching
ucts by Karl Fischer Reagent
of metals is Test Method D6200.
D6200 Test Method for Determining Cooling Characteris-
1.2 This test method provides a measure of changes in oil
tics of Quench Oils by Cooling Curve Analysis
chemistry due to contamination, base oil degradation, and
additivedrag-outduringuse.Thistestmeasureschangesinthe
3. Summary of Test Method
quenching speed characteristics of petroleum fluids at the high
3.1 This test method determines the time for cooling a
temperature (>354°C). This test method does not reliably
chromized nickel ball from approximately 885°C (1625°F) to
predict metallurgical performance.
approximately 354°C (670°F) when quenched in 200 mL of
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
test fluid in a metal beaker at 21 to 27°C (70 to 81°F). The
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
quenching time is recorded by a digital timer which is
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
energized by a photoelectric cell from light produced by the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
ball at 885°C (1625°F) and which is stopped when the ball
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.
becomes magnetic (Curie Point, approximately 354°C) and is
attracted by a magnet to the side of the beaker, tripping a relay
2. Referenced Documents
to stop the timer.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A255 Test Method for End-Quench Test for Hardenability
4. Significance and Use
of Steel
4.1 The results obtained by the test method described are
D91 Test Method for Precipitation Number of Lubricating
useful as guides in selecting fluids with respect to quenching
Oils
speed characteristics desired for metal quenching applications.
D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
NOTE 3—Although this test method has been found useful for some
Open Cup Tester
water-based fluids, the statistical significance of the test has been
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
established only by round-robin testing of petroleum-based fluids.
D287 TestMethodforAPIGravityofCrudePetroleumand
4.2 Theseresultswillprovideameasureofquenchingspeed
(cooling rate) from approximately 885°C (1625°F) to 354°C
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
(670°F) and are not directly proportional to hardness obtain-
PetroleumProductsandLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee
able on metals quenched therein as many other factors are
D02.L0 on Industrial Lubricants.
involved in the quenching process in actual plant operation
Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originally
with production parts.
approved in 1976. Withdrawn November 2003 and reinstated as D3520–04.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Withdrawn.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D3520–04
FIG. 1 Magnetic Quenchometer
connected controller near the heating elements can be used to minimize
temperature overrides, or both may be used. Further, 1 by 2 by 3-in. heat
sinks can be placed next to the area where the ball is to be placed to act
as heat shields and provide a more uniform temperature in this particular
area.
6. Materials
6.1 Ball, Chromized Nickel, having a diameter of 22.22 6
0.13mm(0.875 60.005in.),aweightof50 62g,andsurface
finish from 0.38 to 0.76 µm (15 to 30 µin.).
6.2 Reference Fluid.
NOTE 6—Fluids used in cooperative testing covered in Annex A2 are
suitable. Reference fluids TDL-VI-1 (35) the primary reference fluid and
FIG. 2 Test Sequence in Beaker 4
TDL-VI-1 (100X) the secondary standard are suitable.
NOTE 7—The use of non-chromized nickel balls is not included in this
test method and is not recommended since the results obtained are
NOTE 4—Test Method D6200 describes the equipment and procedure
commonly more scattered and may be inconsistent with data properly
for characterizing the time-temperature performance of a quenching oil
obtained with chromized nickel balls. It is also recommended that
through the entire cooling process.
chromized nickel balls be used with a final initialization value of 29.0 to
5. Apparatus 32.0 seconds to obtain optimal repeatability.
5.1 Magnetic Quenchometer, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. 6.3 Stoddard Solvent, conforming to Specification D484.
5.2 Furnace, Electric Muffle, with air atmosphere, capable (Warning—Combustible, skin irritant on repeated contact,
of maintaining a temperature of 885 6 5°C (1625 6 9°F), as aspiration hazard.)
measured at the ball by the thermocouple prior to quenching, 6.4 Precipitation Naphtha, conforming to the requirement
and fitted with (1) a clean ceramic base plate, for supporting for precipitation naphtha in Test Method D91. (Warning—
the test ball, and (2) a No. 14 B&S gage Chromel-Alumel Extremely flammable, skin irritant on repeated contact, aspi-
thermocouple probe (without a protection tube) inserted ration hazard.)
through a hole in a wall of the furnace, and positioned to 6.5 Forceps,approximately450mm(18in.)long.Weldtwo
contact the test ball. 20 mm ( ⁄4 in.) stainless steel washers to the tips of the forceps
for greater safety in transporting the hot nickel balls.
NOTE 5—A rheostat on the power supply may be used to provide a
6.6 Tissue, lintless.
closer control of furnace temperature, or a separate thermocouple-
7. Preparation of Apparatus
Thesolesourceofsupplyoftheapparatusknowntothecommitteeatthistime
7.1 Tester:
is Testron Corp., 34153 Industrial Rd., Livonia, MI 48150. If you are aware of
7.1.1 Place the instrument near the furnace and where
alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International
lighting does not activate the photo cell.
Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the
responsible technical committee , which you may attend. 7.1.2 Connect to 110 V ac.
D3520–04
7.1.3 Set the switch (Fig. 1, Item 2) to ON position. energized.When the ball temperature is below 354°C (670°F),
Curie Point, the ball becomes magnetic and is attracted toward
NOTE 8—Theshieldofthephotocellshouldbecleanedbeforeeachtest
a magnet enclosed in the instrument activating a switch and
with lintless tissue to ensure proper functioning.
stopping the timer.
NOTE 9—The “horseshoe” magnet inside the instrument is positioned
8.7 Aftertheelectrictimerstops,readandrecordthequench
ascloseaspossibletothebeakerhousing.Occasionallycheckthemagnet
and reposition if necessary. time.
8.8 Record the designation number of the test ball being
7.2 Test Ball:
used.
7.2.1 Apply Stoddard solvent. Dry with lintless tissue.
Repeat. NOTE 15—Do not disfigure the balls, as small marks change their
characteristics. Instead, individually numbered envelopes or containers
7.2.2 Apply precipitation naphtha. Wipe off with lintless
shouldbeusedforstorage.Identificationofpositioninthefurnaceshould
tissue. Repeat. Air dry, and remove any traces of lint.
be used to identify the balls.
NOTE 10—Do not allow the solvents to evaporate from the ball. The
8.9 Set switch of the tester to OFF position.
solvents should be absorbed by the tissue. Avoid touching the ball with
8.10 Swing the photocell ring to the side and remove the
hands or any other sources of contamination.
ball by lifting the basket from the yoke.
7.3 Test Sample:
8.11 Remove the beaker containing the fluid. Discard this
7.3.1 Determine water content per Test Method D1744.
used fluid.
7.3.2 Ifthewatercontentis>0.03%,thendrytheoilsample
8.12 Using fresh test fluid, repeat 8.1-8.11 while using the
prior to the test.
same ball.
7.3.3 The oil is to be dried by heating the oil to 100°C
8.13 Repeat 8.1-8.11 using fresh primary reference fluid.
(212°F) with agitation. Continue heating the oil at 100°C
NOTE 16—An evaluation shall consist of two tests using the same
(212°F) with agitation until bubbling ceases (typically 1 to 2
stabilized ball followed by a check test with the reference fluid using the
h).
same test ball. The evaluation is valid if the check test with the reference
NOTE 11—It is not recommended that this test method be used with
fluid agrees within 1.0 s of the previous reading for that ball in the
dirtyquenchoils,thoseoilswith0.5%pentaneinsolubles,sincedirtyoils
reference fluid.
may lead to erroneous results and potentially damage the nickel ball.
9. Procedure for Stabilizing New or Unknown Ball
NOTE 12—Extremecaremustbeusedtoremovecarbonaceousdeposits
or other residues which might be difficult to remove with Stoddard
9.1 Asindicated,follow8.1-8.11.Repeatatleastthreetimes
solvent. Attempts with fiber brushes, etc., must be carefully viewed, and
withthesameballusingtheprimaryreferencefluid,discarding
if the ball does not appear satisfactory when tested in the standard fluid
the fluid after each run and until consecutive tests yield times
TDL-VI-1 (35) (seeAnnexA2), it should be discarded and a new ball put
within1.0smaximumdeviation.Theballis
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