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ASTM D6559-00a

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determination of TGA Air Reactivity of Baked Carbon Anodes and Cathode Blocks

Standard Test Method for Determination of TGA Air Reactivity of Baked Carbon Anodes and Cathode Blocks

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the thermogravimetric (TGA) determination of air reactivity and dusting of shaped carbon anodes and cathode blocks used in the aluminum reduction industry. The apparatus selection covers a significant variety of types with various thermal conditions, sample size capability, materials of construction, and procedures for determining the mass loss and subsequent rate of reaction. This test method standardizes the variables of sample dimensions, reaction temperature, gas velocity over the exposed surfaces and reaction time such that results obtained on different apparatuses are correlatable.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Dec-2000
ICS
77.020 - Production of metals
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.05 - Properties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6559-00 - Standard Test Method for Determination of TGA Air Reactivity of Baked Carbon Anodes and Cathode Blocks
Effective Date
10-Dec-2000
Replaced By
ASTM D6559-00a(2005) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Thermogravimetric (TGA) Air Reactivity of Baked Carbon Anodes and Cathode Blocks
Effective Date
01-May-2005

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ASTM D6559-00a - Standard Test Method for Determination of TGA Air Reactivity of Baked Carbon Anodes and Cathode BlocksASTM D6559-00a - Standard Test Method for Determination of TGA Air Reactivity of Baked Carbon Anodes and Cathode Blocks
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ASTM D6559-00a - Standard Test Method for Determination of TGA Air Reactivity of Baked Carbon Anodes and Cathode Blocks
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:D6559–00a
Standard Test Method for
Determination of TGAAir Reactivity of Baked Carbon
1
Anodes and Cathode Blocks
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6559; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.2 final air reactivity, n—the mass loss of the carbon
artifactduringthefinal30minofexposuretoairinthereaction
1.1 This test method covers the thermogravimetric (TGA)
chamber divided by the initial geometric (right cylindrical)
determination of air reactivity and dusting of shaped carbon
2
exposed surface area of the sample, expressed as mg/cm -h.
anodes and cathode blocks used in the aluminum reduction
3.1.3 initial air reactivity, n—the mass loss of the carbon
industry.The apparatus selection covers a significant variety of
artifact during the first 30 min of exposure to air in the reaction
types with various thermal conditions, sample size capability,
chamber divided by the initial geometric (right cylindrical)
materials of construction, and procedures for determining the
2
exposed surface area of the sample, expressed as mg/cm -h.
mass loss and subsequent rate of reaction. This test method
3.1.4 total air reactivity, n—the total mass loss of the
standardizes the variables of sample dimensions, reaction
carbon artifact (including dusting) during the total time that the
temperature, gas velocity over the exposed surfaces, and
sample is exposed to air (180 min) in the reaction chamber
reactiontimesuchthatresultsobtainedondifferentapparatuses
divided by the initial geometric (right cylindrical) exposed
are correlatable.
2
surface area of the sample, expressed as mg/cm -h.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 Initial, final, and total air reactivity and dusting are
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
determined by passing air at flow rates, giving a standard
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
velocity of reactant gas around cylindrically shaped carbon
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
artifacts under nearly isothermal conditions for a specified
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
length of time. The reactivity is determined by continuously
2. Referenced Documents monitoring the sample mass loss. The dusting term is deter-
mined by collecting and determining the mass of carbon
2.1 ASTM Standards:
particles that fall off the sample during reaction.
D 6353 Guide for Sampling Plan and Core Sampling of
2
Prebaked Anodes Used in Aluminum Production
5. Significance and Use
D 6354 Guide for Sampling Plan and Core Sampling of
2 5.1 The air reactivity rates are used to quantify the tendency
Carbon Cathode Blocks Used in Aluminum Production
of a carbon artifact to react with air. Carbon consumed by this
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
3 unwanted side reaction is unavailable for the primary reactions
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
ofreducingaluminatotheprimarymetal.Airreactivitydusting
3. Terminology rate is used by some companies to quantify the tendency of the
cokeaggregateorbindercokeofacarbonartifacttoselectively
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
react with these gases. Preferential attack of the binder coke or
3.1.1 dusting, n—the quantity of carbon that falls off the
coke aggregate of a carbon artifact by these gases causes some
carbonartifactwhileinthereactionchamberandiscollectedin
carbon to fall off or dust, making the carbon unavailable for the
the container at the bottom of the reaction chamber.
primary reaction of reducing alumina and, more importantly,
reducing the efficiency of the aluminum reduction cell.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on 5.2 Comparison of air reactivity and dusting rates is useful
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
in selecting raw materials for the manufacture of commercial
D02.05 on The Properties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material.
anodes for specific smelting technologies in the aluminum
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 2000. Published January 2001. Originally
published as D 6559 – 00. Last previous edition D 6559 – 00. reduction industry.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.04.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Core sampling is an acceptable way of obtaining a test specimen without destroying the usefulness of an anode block.  
4.1.1 Test specimen obtained by this guide can be used by producers and users of carbon anodes for the purpose of conducting the tests in Note 1 to obtain comparative physical properties.  
4.2 Sampling shall not weaken the anode or increase the likelihood of premature failure.
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1.1 This guide covers sampling for prebaked carbon anodes used in the production of aluminum, and details procedures for taking test samples from anode blocks. It covers equipment and procedures for obtaining samples from anode blocks in a manner that does not destroy the block or prevent its subsequent use as originally intended. However, the user must determine the subsequent use of the sampled anode blocks. Preferred locations for taking samples from single units of anodes are covered in this guide.  
1.1.1 Information for sampling of shaped refractory products, in general, is given in ISO 5022. This standard details the statistical basis for sampling plans for acceptance testing of a consignment or lot. Anodes used in the production of aluminum have specific requirements for sampling and while the statistical basis for sampling given in ISO 5022 applies, further or modified requirements may also apply.  
1.1.2 Information for sampling of anodes for Al-metal production is given in ISO 8007-2. This standard details the statistical basis for sampling plans for acceptance testing of a consignment or lot.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Note 1: The following ASTM standards are noted as sources of useful information: Test Methods D5502, D6120, D6744, and D6745.  
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4.1 Core sampling is an acceptable way of obtaining a test specimen without destroying the usefulness of a cathode block.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The CO2 reactivity rates are used to quantify the tendency of a carbon artifact to react with carbon dioxide. Carbon consumed by these unwanted side reactions is unavailable for the primary reactions of reducing alumina to the primary metal. CO2  dusting rates are used to quantify the tendency of the coke aggregate or binder coke of a carbon artifact to selectively react with these gases. Preferential attack of the binder coke or coke aggregate of a carbon artifact by these gases causes some carbon to fall off or dust, making the carbon unavailable for the primary reaction of reducing alumina and, more importantly, reducing the efficiency of the aluminum reduction cell.  
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5.1 The air reactivity rates are used to quantify the tendency of a carbon artifact to react with air. Carbon consumed by this unwanted side reaction is unavailable for the primary reactions of reducing alumina to the primary metal. Air reactivity dusting rate is used by some companies to quantify the tendency of the coke aggregate or binder coke of a carbon artifact to selectively react with these gases. Preferential attack of the binder coke or coke aggregate of a carbon artifact by these gases causes some carbon to fall off or dust, making the carbon unavailable for the primary reaction of reducing alumina and, more importantly, reducing the efficiency of the aluminum reduction cell.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The CO2 reactivity rates are used to quantify the tendency of a carbon artifact to react with carbon dioxide. Carbon consumed by these unwanted side reactions is unavailable for the primary reactions of reducing alumina to the primary metal. CO2  dusting rates are used to quantify the tendency of the coke aggregate or binder coke of a carbon artifact to selectively react with these gases. Preferential attack of the binder coke or coke aggregate of a carbon artifact by these gases causes some carbon to fall off or dust, making the carbon unavailable for the primary reaction of reducing alumina and, more importantly, reducing the efficiency of the aluminum reduction cell.  
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1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Test Method for Determination of Thermogravimetric (TGA) Air Reactivity of Baked Carbon Anodes and Cathode Blocks

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The air reactivity rates are used to quantify the tendency of a carbon artifact to react with air. Carbon consumed by this unwanted side reaction is unavailable for the primary reactions of reducing alumina to the primary metal. Air reactivity dusting rate is used by some companies to quantify the tendency of the coke aggregate or binder coke of a carbon artifact to selectively react with these gases. Preferential attack of the binder coke or coke aggregate of a carbon artifact by these gases causes some carbon to fall off or dust, making the carbon unavailable for the primary reaction of reducing alumina and, more importantly, reducing the efficiency of the aluminum reduction cell.  
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1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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1.1 This test method covers the equipment and procedures used for determining the types and amounts of coke carbon forms and associated recognizable coal- and process-derived textural components in metallurgical coke in terms of volume percent. This test method does not include coke structural components such as coke pores, coke wall dimensions, or other structural associations.  
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1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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