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ASTM E430-19

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Gloss of High-Gloss Surfaces by Abridged Goniophotometry

Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Gloss of High-Gloss Surfaces by Abridged Goniophotometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The gloss of metallic finishes is important commercially on metals for automotive, architectural, and other uses where these metals undergo special finishing processes to produce the appearances desired. It is important for the end-products, which use such finished metals that parts placed together have the same glossy appearance.  
5.2 It is also important that automotive finishes and other high-gloss nonmetallic surfaces possess the desired finished appearance. The present method identifies by measurements important aspects of finishes. Those having identical sets of numbers normally have the same gloss characteristics. It usually requires more than one measurement to identify properly the glossy appearance of any finish (see Refs 3 and 4).
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of the reflection characteristics responsible for the glossy appearance of high-gloss surfaces. Two test methods, A and B, are provided for evaluating such surface characteristics at specular angles of 20° and 30°, respectively. These test methods are not suitable for diffuse finish surfaces nor do they measure color, another appearance attribute.  
1.2 As originally developed by Tingle and others (see Refs 1 and 2),2 the test methods were applied only to bright metals. Recently they have been applied to high-gloss automotive finishes and other nonmetallic surfaces.  
1.3 The DOI of a glossy surface is generally independent of its curvature. The DOI measurement by this test method is limited to flat or flattenable surfaces.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2019
ICS
17.040.20 - Properties of surfaces
Technical Committee
E12 - Color and Appearance
Drafting Committee
E12.03 - Geometry
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM E430-19 - Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Gloss of High-Gloss Surfaces by Abridged GoniophotometryASTM E430-19 - Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Gloss of High-Gloss Surfaces by Abridged Goniophotometry
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E430 − 19
Standard Test Methods for
Measurement of Gloss of High-Gloss Surfaces by Abridged
1
Goniophotometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E430; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ASTM Test Methods
E179 Guide for Selection of Geometric Conditions for
1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of the
Measurement of Reflection and Transmission Properties
reflection characteristics responsible for the glossy appearance
of Materials
of high-gloss surfaces. Two test methods, A and B, are
E284 Terminology of Appearance
provided for evaluating such surface characteristics at specular
E308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using
angles of 20° and 30°, respectively. These test methods are not
the CIE System
suitable for diffuse finish surfaces nor do they measure color,
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
another appearance attribute.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.2 As originally developed by Tingle and others (see Refs
E1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-
2
1 and 2), the test methods were applied only to bright metals.
surement by Tristimulus Colorimetry
Recently they have been applied to high-gloss automotive
finishes and other nonmetallic surfaces. 3. Terminology
1.3 The DOI of a glossy surface is generally independent of 3.1 Definitions:
its curvature. The DOI measurement by this test method is 3.1.1 Appearance terms in this test method are in accor-
limited to flat or flattenable surfaces. dance with Terminology E284.
3.1.2 Terms that are defined in Terminology E284, but have
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
a specific definition in this method are
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.1.3 reflectance, p, n—ratio of the reflected radiant or
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
luminous flux to the incident flux in the given conditions.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
(Terminology E284)
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.1.3.1 Discussion—The term reflectance is often used in a
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
general sense or as an abbreviation for reflectance factor. Such
usage is not assumed in this method. The definition may
2. Referenced Documents
3 require that the term be modified by adjectives denoting the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
spectral and geometric conditions of measurement.
D523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
D2457 Test Method for Specular Gloss of Plastic Films and
3.2.1 reflection haze, H, n—for a specified specular angle,
Solid Plastics
ratio of flux reflected at a specified angle (or angles) from the
E171 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Flexible Barrier
specular direction to the flux similarly reflected at the specular
Packaging
angle by a specified gloss standard.
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Modifiers may be used to specify the
angles at which the haze is measured (for example, 2°, –5° or
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on
15°); whether –H or a logarithmic form is to be stated; or
Color and Appearance and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.03 on
whether H is to be compensated for the luminance of the
Geometry.
specimen by multiplication by Y /Y , where n denotes the
specimen n
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2019. Published December 2019. Originally
reference white; or any combination of these.
approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E430 – 11. DOI:
10.1520/E0430-19.
3.2.2 metallic brightness, n—freedom of a metal surface
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
from diffuse haze or texture.
this method.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3.2.3 ‘with-machine’ direction, n—the axis of a specimen
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
that is parallel to the direction of mill rolling or extrusion, or
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. other surface-finish texture.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E430 − 19
3.2.4 ‘across-machine’ direction, n—the perpendicular to which use such finished metals that parts placed together have
‘with-machine’ direction. the
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E430 − 11 E430 − 19
Standard Test Methods for
Measurement of Gloss of High-Gloss Surfaces by Abridged
1
Goniophotometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E430; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of the reflection characteristics responsible for the glossy appearance of
high-gloss surfaces. ThreeTwo test methods, A, B A and C,B, are provided for evaluating such surface characteristics at specular
angles of 30°, 20° and 30°, respectively. These test methods are not suitable for diffuse finish surfaces nor do they measure color,
another appearance attribute.
2
1.2 As originally developed by Tingle and others (see Refs 1 and 2), the test methods were applied only to bright metals.
Recently they have been applied to high-gloss automotive finishes and other nonmetallic surfaces.
1.3 The DOI of a glossy surface is generally independent of its curvature. The DOI measurement by this test method is limited
to flat or flattenable surfaces.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
D2457 Test Method for Specular Gloss of Plastic Films and Solid Plastics
E171 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Flexible Barrier Packaging
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E179 Guide for Selection of Geometric Conditions for Measurement of Reflection and Transmission Properties of Materials
E284 Terminology of Appearance
E308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE System
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Measurement by Tristimulus Colorimetry
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Appearance terms in this test method are in accordance with Terminology E284.
3.1.2 Terms that are defined in Terminology E284, but have a specific definition in this method are
3.1.3 reflectance, p, n—ratio of the reflected radiant or luminous flux to the incident flux in the given conditions. ((Terminology
E284)
3.1.3.1 Discussion—
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color and Appearance and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.03 on Geometry.
Current edition approved June 1, 2011Nov. 1, 2019. Published June 2011December 2019. Originally approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 20052011 as
E430 – 05.E430 – 11. DOI: 10.1520/E0430-11.10.1520/E0430-19.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this method.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E430 − 19
The term reflectance is often used in a general sense or as an abbreviation for reflectance factor. Such usage is not assumed in this
method. The definition may require that the term be modified by adjectives denoting the spectral and geometric conditions of
measurement.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 reflection haze, H, n—for a specified specular angle, ratio of flux reflected at a specified angle (or angles) from the specular
direction to the flux similarly reflected at the specular angle by a specified gloss standard.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
Modifiers may be used to specify the angles at which the haze is measured (for example, 2°, –5° or 15°); whether –H or a
logarithmic form is to be stated; or whether H is to be compensated for the luminance of the specimen by multiplication by
Y /Y , where n denotes the reference white; or any combination of these.
specimen n
3.2.2 metallic brightness, n—freedom of a metal surface from diffuse
...

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ASTM E430-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Gloss of High-Gloss Surfaces by Abridged Goniophotometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The gloss of metallic finishes is important commercially on metals for automotive, architectural, and other uses where these metals undergo special finishing processes to produce the appearances desired. It is important for the end-products, which use such finished metals that parts placed together have the same glossy appearance.  
5.2 It is also important that automotive finishes and other high-gloss nonmetallic surfaces possess the desired finished appearance. The present method identifies by measurements important aspects of finishes. Those having identical sets of numbers normally have the same gloss characteristics. It usually requires more than one measurement to identify properly the glossy appearance of any finish (see Refs 3 and 4).
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1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of the reflection characteristics responsible for the glossy appearance of high-gloss surfaces. Two test methods, A and B, are provided for evaluating such surface characteristics at specular angles of 20° and 30°, respectively. These test methods are not suitable for diffuse finish surfaces nor do they measure color, another appearance attribute.  
1.2 As originally developed by Tingle and others (see Refs 1 and 2),2 the test methods were applied only to bright metals. Recently they have been applied to high-gloss automotive finishes and other nonmetallic surfaces.  
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1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 This terminology standard contains definitions of appearance terms applicable to the work of many ASTM technical committees. Its use by committees other than Committee E12 on Color and Appearance, and its citation in the standards of such committees, is encouraged.  
3.2 In this terminology standard, definitions of terms used in other ASTM standards are indicated by placing the designation of that standard in parentheses at the end of the definition. Definitions used by other organizations (see Refs (3–4)) are indicated similarly by placing in parentheses at the end of the definition the acronym of the organization, occasionally with the date of its terminology standard quoted. In either case, a superscript letter may be used to indicate the degree of correspondence between the definition given herein and that in the citation. Superscript A indicates that the two are identical; B that the given definition is a modification of that cited, with little difference in essential meaning; and C that the two differ substantially.  
3.3 A further parenthetical inclusion at the end of the definition gives the revision, if after 1981, in which the definition was added to this terminology standard or last revised.  
3.4 Where appropriate, symbols or acronyms are listed for terms in this terminology standard. Since usage varies, these listings should be considered as recommendations, not as mandatory. If a different symbol or acronym is used in another ASTM standard, this should be indicated in that standard.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard defines terms used in the description of appearance, including but not limited to color, gloss, opacity, scattering, texture, and visibility of both materials (ordinary, fluorescent, retroreflective) and light sources (including visual display units).  
1.2 It is the policy of ASTM Committee E12 on Color and Appearance that this terminology standard include important terms and definitions explicit to the scope, whether or not the terms are currently used in an ASTM standard. Terms that are in common use and appear in common-language dictionaries (see Refs (1–2)2) are generally not included, except when the dictionaries show multiple definitions and it seems desirable to indicate the definitions recommended for E12 standards.  
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5.1 The gloss of metallic finishes is important commercially on metals for automotive, architectural, and other uses where these metals undergo special finishing processes to produce the appearances desired. It is important for the end-products, which use such finished metals that parts placed together have the same glossy appearance.  
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SCOPE
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1.2 The specification addresses assessing subject’s body internal temperature through measurement of thermal emission from the ear canal. Performance requirements for noncontact temperature measurement of skin are also provided.  
1.3 The specification sets limits for laboratory accuracy and requires determination and disclosure of clinical accuracy of the covered instruments.  
1.4 Performance and storage limits under various environmental conditions, requirements for labeling, and test procedures are established.
Note 1: For electrical safety, consult Underwriters Laboratory Standards.2
Note 2: For electromagnetic emission requirements and tests, refer to CISPR 11: 1990 Lists of Methods of Measurement of Electromagnetic Disturbance Characteristics of Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) Radiofrequency Equipment.3  
1.5 The values of quantities stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values of quantities in parentheses are not in SI and are optional.  
1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 6, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM
ASTM E284-22(Terminology)
Standard Terminology of Appearance

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This terminology standard contains definitions of appearance terms applicable to the work of many ASTM technical committees. Its use by committees other than Committee E12 on Color and Appearance, and its citation in the standards of such committees, is encouraged.  
3.2 In this terminology standard, definitions of terms used in other ASTM standards are indicated by placing the designation of that standard in parentheses at the end of the definition. Definitions used by other organizations (see Refs (3–4)) are indicated similarly by placing in parentheses at the end of the definition the acronym of the organization, occasionally with the date of its terminology standard quoted. In either case, a superscript letter may be used to indicate the degree of correspondence between the definition given herein and that in the citation. Superscript A indicates that the two are identical; B that the given definition is a modification of that cited, with little difference in essential meaning; and C that the two differ substantially.  
3.3 A further parenthetical inclusion at the end of the definition gives the revision, if after 1981, in which the definition was added to this terminology standard or last revised.  
3.4 Where appropriate, symbols or acronyms are listed for terms in this terminology standard. Since usage varies, these listings should be considered as recommendations, not as mandatory. If a different symbol or acronym is used in another ASTM standard, this should be indicated in that standard.  
3.5 In the 1990 edition of this terminology standard, a great many terms were relocated to conform to the recommendation of the Form and Style for ASTM Standards, (Blue Book) that listings be in spoken word order. In general, there are no cross-references between the old and new listings, except where a special function is served. An example of such a special function is to list all terms relating to a given basic quantity, for example, all terms defining various ...
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard defines terms used in the description of appearance, including but not limited to color, gloss, opacity, scattering, texture, and visibility of both materials (ordinary, fluorescent, retroreflective) and light sources (including visual display units).  
1.2 It is the policy of ASTM Committee E12 on Color and Appearance that this terminology standard include important terms and definitions explicit to the scope, whether or not the terms are currently used in an ASTM standard. Terms that are in common use and appear in common-language dictionaries (see Refs (1–2)2) are generally not included, except when the dictionaries show multiple definitions and it seems desirable to indicate the definitions recommended for E12 standards.  
1.3 The usage of terms describing appearance varies considerably. In some cases, different usage of a term in different fields has been noted.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7091-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to Ferrous Metals and Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coatings Applied to Non-Ferrous Metals

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice describes three operational steps necessary to ensure accurate coating thickness measurement: calibration, verification and adjustment of coating thickness measuring gages, as well as proper methods for obtaining coating thickness measurements on both ferrous and non-ferrous metal substrates.  
4.2 Many specifications for commercial and industrial coatings projects stipulate a minimum and a maximum dry film thickness for each layer in a coating system. Additionally, most manufacturers of high performance coatings will warranty coating systems based upon, in part, achieving the proper thickness of each layer and the total coating system. Even if a project specification is not provided, the coating manufacturer’s recommendations published on product data sheets can become the governing document(s). Equipment manufacturers produce nondestructive coating thickness testing gages that are used to measure the cumulative or individual thickness of the coating layers, after they are dry. The manufacturers provide information for the adjustment and use of these gages, normally in the form of operating instructions. The user of this equipment must be knowledgeable in the proper operation of these devices, including methods for verifying the accuracy of the equipment prior to, during and after use as well as measurement procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the use of magnetic and eddy current gages for dry film thickness measurement. This practice is intended to supplement the manufacturers’ instructions for the manual operation of the gages and is not intended to replace them. It includes definitions of key terms, reference documents, the significance and use of the practice, the advantages and limitations of coating thickness gages, and a description of test specimens. It describes the methods and recommended frequency for verifying the accuracy of gages and for adjusting the equipment and lists the reporting recommendations.  
1.2 These procedures are not applicable to coatings that will be readily deformed under the load of the measuring gages/probes, as the gage probe must be placed directly on the coating surface to obtain a reading. Provisions for measuring on soft or tacky coatings are described in 5.7.  
1.3 Coating thickness can be measured using a variety of gages. These gages are categorized as “magnetic pull-off” and “electronic.” They use a sensing probe or magnet to measure the gap (distance) between the base metal and the probe. This measured distance is displayed as coating thickness by the gages.  
1.4 Coating thickness can vary widely across a surface. As a result, obtaining single-point measurements may not accurately represent the actual coating system thickness. SSPC-PA 2 prescribes a frequency of coating thickness measurement based on the size of the area coated. A frequency of measurement for coated steel beams (girders) and coated test panels is also provided in the appendices to SSPC-PA 2. The governing specification is responsible for providing the user with the minimum and the maximum coating thickness for each layer, and for the total coating system.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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