17.040.20 - Properties of surfaces
ICS 17.040.20 Details
Properties of surfaces
Oberflachenbeschaffenheit
Etat de surfaces
Lastnosti površin
General Information
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This document specifies the procedures for determining the dry-film thickness of an organic coating on a metallic substrate (coil coating).
Five appropriate methods are given in this document:
a) magnetic induction;
b) eddy current;
c) micrometer;
d) optical;
e) ruggedized optical interference.
The methods are applicable only to products with smooth and flat substrates, but the coating itself can be textured. In that case, for methods a) and b), the average of a series of readings will represent an average of the thickness of the organic coating, while method c) will give the maximum thickness, method d) can provide the minimum, maximum and average thickness, and e) will give the total thickness.
Non-destructive continuous-web methods on measurement of dry-film thickness are only applicable on method a).
- Draft11 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document reviews methods for measuring the thickness of metallic and other inorganic coatings on both metallic and non-metallic substrates (see Tables 1, A.1 and A.2). It is limited to tests already specified, or to be specified, in International Standards and excludes certain tests that are used for special applications.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document reviews methods for measuring the thickness of metallic and other inorganic coatings on both metallic and non-metallic substrates (see Tables 1, A.1 and A.2). It is limited to tests already specified, or to be specified, in International Standards and excludes certain tests that are used for special applications.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document provides information on a generalized version of the linear spline filter for uniform and non-uniform sampling and the robust spline filters for surface profiles. It supplements ISO 16610-22, ISO 16610-30 and ISO 16610-31. This document provides information on how to apply the robust estimation to the spline filter as specified in ISO 16610-22, as well as its generalized form for non-uniform sampling. The weight function chosen for the M-estimator is the Tukey biweight influence function as specified in ISO 16610-31.
- Technical report14 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical report16 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This new part of ISO 16610 specifies the characteristics of a linear areal spline filter with a global shape retainment. It is the areal extension of the linear profilometric spline filter as specified in ISO 16610-22.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This Part of EN 13523 describes the procedure for determining objectively the chalking resulting from natural or artificial weathering of an organic coating on a metallic substrate. The advantage of this procedure for measuring chalking of an organic coating is that the result can be read off immediately on an instrument. Subjective judgement by visual comparison of test specimens with referencee specimens is not necessary. Experience to date with this test method has been based mainly on artificially weathered specimens. Reproductible results can only de obtained by careful execution of the test.
- Standard8 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the characteristics of a linear areal spline filter with a global shape retainment.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the characteristics of a linear areal spline filter with a global shape retainment.
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- Standard10 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This part of ISO 25178 specifies generic procedures for the calibration, adjustment and verification of
areal topography measuring instruments with planar rather than full 3D measurement behaviour and for
the determination of measurement uncertainty components associated with effects on the metrological
characteristics. It considers, what all areal instruments have in common, including. point sensing
instruments with lateral scanning devices. For instrument specific principles, other parts may be
developed in the 700 series of ISO standard 25178. In particular, the calibration of contacting systems
with additional arcuate motion is not covered by this standard and may be described in a future revision
of the ISO 25178-701.
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies generic procedures for the calibration, adjustment and verification of metrological characteristics that areal topography measuring instruments have in common, as stated in ISO 25178-600.
Because surface profiles can be extracted from surface topography images, most of the methods described in this document can be adapted to profiling instruments.
Instrument-specific issues are not covered by this document. For example, for instruments based on mechanical probing where the probe follows an additional arcuate motion, additional measures are specified in ISO 25178-701.
This document does not include procedures for area-integrating methods, although those are also stated in ISO 25178-6. For example, light scattering belongs to a class of techniques known as area-integrating methods for measuring surface topography.
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies generic procedures for the calibration, adjustment and verification of metrological characteristics that areal topography measuring instruments have in common, as stated in ISO 25178-600. Because surface profiles can be extracted from surface topography images, most of the methods described in this document can be adapted to profiling instruments. Instrument-specific issues are not covered by this document. For example, for instruments based on mechanical probing where the probe follows an additional arcuate motion, additional measures are specified in ISO 25178-701. This document does not include procedures for area-integrating methods, although those are also stated in ISO 25178-6. For example, light scattering belongs to a class of techniques known as area-integrating methods for measuring surface topography.
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This document specifies a method for non-destructive measurements of the thickness of conductive coatings on non-conductive base materials. This method is based on the principle of the sheet resistivity measurement and is applicable to any conductive coatings and layers of metal and semiconductor materials. In general, the probe has to be adjusted to the conductivity and the thickness of the respective application. However, this document focuses on metallic coatings on non-conductive base materials (e.g. copper on plastic substrates, printed circuit boards).
This method is also applicable to thickness measurements of conductive coatings on conductive base materials, if the resistivity of the coating and the base material is significantly different. However, this case is not considered in this document.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for non-destructive measurements of the thickness of conductive coatings on non-conductive base materials. This method is based on the principle of the sheet resistivity measurement and is applicable to any conductive coatings and layers of metal and semiconductor materials. In general, the probe has to be adjusted to the conductivity and the thickness of the respective application. However, this document focuses on metallic coatings on non-conductive base materials (e.g. copper on plastic substrates, printed circuit boards).
This method is also applicable to thickness measurements of conductive coatings on conductive base materials, if the resistivity of the coating and the base material is significantly different. However, this case is not considered in this document.
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This Part of EN 13523 specifies a procedure for evaluating the condensation resistance of an organic coating (coil coating) on a metallic substrate, by means of exposure in a humidity cabinet under controlled conditions.
- Standard8 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This Part of EN 13523 describes the procedure for determining the resistance to water immersion of an organic coating on a metallic substrate. The test is applicable to all kinds of organic coatings, including metallics and embossed, textured, pearlescent and printed coatings. The results of the test give an indication of the resistance of the coil coated metal to water. The method is not intended to reproduce any particular condition of condensation.
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This Part of EN 13523 specifies a procedure for evaluating the humidity resistance of an organic coating (coil coating) on a metallic substrate, by means of exposure in a humidity cabinet under controlled conditions.
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This document specifies parameters for the determination of surface texture by areal methods.
- Standard73 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies test methods for determining the slip resistance of surfaces used by pedestrians.
NOTE It is also possible to use this document for measurements where persons might walk on trafficked areas.
- Standard53 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document establishes definitions and evaluation methods for wheel-rail contact geometry parameters influencing the vehicle running dynamic behaviour:
- the rolling radius difference between the two wheels of a wheelset (Δr-function) which serves as a basis for all further calculations;
- the equivalent conicity function from which are derived:
- a single equivalent conicity value for a specified amplitude which is relevant for the assessment of vehicle running stability on straight track and in very large radius curves according to EN 14363;
- the nonlinearity parameter which characterizes the shape of this function and is related to the vehicle behaviour particularly in the speed range close to the running stability limit;
- the rolling radii coefficient which is used to describe the theoretical radial steering capability of a wheelset in a curved track.
Additional information is given about the relationship between the contact angles of the two wheels of a wheelset (Δtanγ-function) and about the roll angle parameter.
NOTE Out of the presented parameters only those related to the contact angle are relevant for independently rotating wheels of wheel pairs.
Descriptions of possible calculation methods are included in this document. Test case calculations are provided to achieve comparable results and to check the proper implementation of the described algorithms.
To validate alternative methods not described in this document acceptance criteria are given for the equivalent conicity function. This includes reference profiles, profile combinations, tolerances and reference results with tolerance limits.
This document also includes minimum requirements for the measurement of wheel and rail profiles as well as of the parameters needed for the transformation into a common coordinate system of right- and left-hand profiles.
This document does not define limits for the wheel-rail contact geometry parameters and gives no tolerances for the rail profile and the wheel profile to achieve acceptable results.
For the application of this document some general recommendations are given.
- Standard140 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a destructive method for the measurement of the local thickness of metallic
and other inorganic coatings by examination of cross-sections with a scanning electron microscope
(SEM). The method is applicable for thicknesses up to several millimetres, but for such thick coatings it
is usually more practical to use a light microscope (see ISO 1463). The lower thickness limit depends on
the achieved measurement uncertainty (see Clause 10).
NOTE The method can also be used for organic layers when they are neither damaged by the preparation of
the cross-section nor by the electron beam during imaging.
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This document provides background information regarding the changes from EN 15302:2008+A1:2010 to the revised version dated 2021, including the reasons for decisions and additional explanation and guidance that is not appropriate in the standard.
The range of equivalent conicity results obtained with different software tools is described. The additional wheel-rail contact parameters, rolling radii coefficient and nonlinearity parameter, are explained. More information is also provided on the different calculation methods and the updated reference profiles for the assessment. The influence of simplifications used in determination of equivalent conicity is discussed.
To provide more information on the importance of considering the complete measurement and calculation process, methods for plausibility checks, eliminating outliers and assessing the uncertainty and repeatability of measurements are included as well as assessments of the smoothing process.
Guidance is given on fields of application of the wheel-rail contact parameters, on the selection of appropriate reference profiles (choice of reference rail profile and rail inclination for assessing wheel profiles and vice versa) and on handling special cases.
As some references in EN 14363 to wheel-rail contact test conditions have caused difficulties in understanding, clarifications issued by ERA are mentioned.
Interpretation of equivalent conicity results, using tools such as conicity maps, is discussed and various approximations such as ‘quick conicity’ assessments are also described.
Information is included on possible additional wheel-rail contact parameters, not yet ready for standardization, but where further experience is needed.
NOTE In this document the commonly used term “wheel-rail contact geometry” is used as a synonym for the more precise term “wheelset-track contact geometry”.
- Technical report87 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies parameters for the determination of surface texture by areal methods
- Standard73 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the rules for indication of surface texture by profile methods in technical
product documentation by means of graphical symbols.
This document does not cover population requirements.
NOTE See ISO 18391 for population (batch) specifications.
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This document specifies the complete specification operator for surface texture by profile methods.
- Standard37 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies terms, definitions and parameters for the determination of surface texture by
profile methods.
NOTE 1 The main changes to previous ISO profile documents are described in Annex I.
NOTE 2 An overview of profile and areal standards in the GPS matrix model is given in Annex J.
NOTE 3 The relation of this document to the GPS matrix model is given in Annex K.
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- Standard87 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
Defines terms and parameters used for determining surface texture by the motif method. It also describes the corresponding ideal operator and measuring conditions.
- Corrigendum3 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
Defines terms and parameters used for determining surface texture by the motif method. It also describes the corresponding ideal operator and measuring conditions.
- Standard30 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
Defines terms and parameters used for determining surface texture by the motif method. It also describes the corresponding ideal operator and measuring conditions.
- Standard30 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies parameters for the determination of surface texture by areal methods.
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- Standard64 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard68 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Standard68 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Standard68 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies test methods for the determination of the slip resistance of surfaces in the most commonly encountered situations in which pedestrians walk.
NOTE It is also possible to use this document for measurements where persons might walk on trafficked areas.
- Standard53 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This part of EN 13523 specifies the procedure for determining the resistance to cracking of an organic coating on a metallic substrate when bent through 135° to 180°. The degree of adhesion may also be evaluated.
Both folding and mandrel methods are considered. The folding method is more often used for practical purposes but where more precise determinations are required, the mandrel method is recommended.
The cylindrical bend method may also be used for a pass/fail decision by using an agreed mandrel.
The choice of the appropriate test method is limited by the thickness and/or the hardness of the substrate.
The feasibility of the test depends on the type and thickness of the substrate. During the procedure, the mandrel should not deform.
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This document specifies the overall scope of all parts of EN 13523, gives definitions common to all parts and describes how sampling and preparation of test panels for most of the individual test methods are to be carried out.
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This document specifies the procedure for determining the gloss of an organic coating on a metallic substrate. Gloss is a characteristic of fundamental importance to the appearance of the coil coated product.
The apparatus requires a flat specimen of size greater than the aperture, thus, uneven surfaces cannot be measured.
This method is applicable to all pigmented and unpigmented coatings including metallic/pearlescent coatings. However, for textured coatings it is only indicative.
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- Amendment15 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies biorthogonal wavelets for profiles and contains the relevant concepts. It gives the basic terminology for biorthogonal wavelets of compact support, together with their usage.
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- Standard9 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Amendment9 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Amendment9 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies biorthogonal wavelets for profiles and contains the relevant concepts. It gives
the basic terminology for biorthogonal wavelets of compact support, together with their usage.
- Standard28 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies biorthogonal wavelets for profiles and contains the relevant concepts. It gives the basic terminology for biorthogonal wavelets of compact support, together with their usage.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
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- Standard20 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the mathematical processing of digitized longitudinal profile measurements to produce evenness indices. The document describes the calculation procedure for the International Roughness Index (IRI), Root Mean Square (RMS) and Longitudinal Profile Variance (LPV) from three separate wavelength bands and the σWLP and ΔWLP from the Weighted Longitudinal Profile (WLP).
The purpose of this document is to provide a standard practice for calculating and reporting estimates of road evenness from digitized longitudinal profiles. Other aims with this document are to facilitate the comparison of evenness measurement results carried out with different profiling instruments in European countries.
The evenness range covered in this document is defined as the wavelength range 0,5 m to 50 m. It is noted that both shorter and longer wavelengths can also influence the driving comfort but those are not covered in this document.
The quantified evenness indices derived from this document are useful support for pavement management systems. The output can also be used for type approval and performance control of new and old pavements. The indices can be used on rigid, flexible and gravel road surfaces.
This document doesn’t define from what position on the road the longitudinal profile should be obtained.
The derived indices are portable in the sense that they can be obtained from longitudinal profiles measured with a variety of instruments.
- Standard53 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
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This document specifies methods for testing the sound power level of air/water, brine/water, water/water and direct exchange/water heat pump water heaters and heat pump combination heaters with electrically driven compressors and connected to or including a domestic hot water storage tank for domestic hot water production.
This European Standard comprises only the testing procedure for the domestic hot water production of the heat pump system.
NOTE 1 Testing procedures for simultaneous operation for domestic hot water production and space heating are not treated in this standard. Simultaneous operation means that domestic hot water production and space heating generation occur at the same time and may interact.
NOTE 2 For space heating function, the requirements are given in EN 12102-1:2017.
This European Standard only applies to water heaters which are supplied in a package of heat pump and storage tank. In the case of water heaters consisting of several parts with refrigerant connections, this European Standard applies only to those designed and supplied as a complete package.
This European Standard does not specify requirements for the quality of the used water.
- Standard34 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the metrological characteristics of areal instruments for measuring surface topography. Because surface profiles can be extracted from surface topography images, most of the terms defined in this document can also be applied to profiling measurements.
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document describes the influence quantities and instrument characteristics of confocal microscopy systems for areal measurement of surface topography. Because surface profiles can be extracted from surface topography images, the methods described in this document can be applied to profiling measurements as well.
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the mathematical processing of digitized longitudinal profile measurements to produce evenness indices. The document describes the calculation procedure for the International Roughness Index (IRI), Root Mean Square (RMS) and Longitudinal Profile Variance (LPV) from three separate wavelength bands and the σWLP and ΔWLP from the Weighted Longitudinal Profile (WLP).
The purpose of this document is to provide a standard practice for calculating and reporting estimates of road evenness from digitized longitudinal profiles. Other aims with the standard are to facilitate the comparison of evenness measurement results carried out with different profiling instruments in European countries.
The evenness range covered in this standard is defined as the wavelength range 0.5 m to 50 m. It should be noted that both shorter and longer wavelengths can also influence the driving comfort but those are not covered in this standard.
The quantified evenness indices derived from the standard are useful support for pavement management systems. The output can also be used for type approval and performance control of new and old pavements. The indices can be used on rigid, flexible and gravel road surfaces.
The standard doesn´t define from what position on the road the longitudinal profile should be obtained.
The derived indices are portable in the sense that they can be obtained from longitudinal profiles measured with a variety of instruments.
- Standard53 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document describes the influence quantities and instrument characteristics of confocal
microscopy systems for areal measurement of surface topography. Because surface profiles can be
extracted from surface topography images, the methods described in this document can be applied to
profiling measurements as well.
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the metrological characteristics of areal instruments for measuring surface
topography. Because surface profiles can be extracted from surface topography images, most of the
terms defined in this document can also be applied to profiling measurements.
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document describes the influence quantities and instrument characteristics of confocal microscopy systems for areal measurement of surface topography. Because surface profiles can be extracted from surface topography images, the methods described in this document can be applied to profiling measurements as well.
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