ASTM D4831-00(2016)

Standard Test Method for Buckle Tear Strength of Leather

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 This test method is designed to measure the load required to tear a leather strap fastened in a buckle. Tanners and leather buyers have found that this test gives an indication of the resistance of leather to tearing.  
2.2 This test method should be suitable for specification acceptance, design purposes, manufacturing control, development, and research. The thickness of the specimen and direction of tear relative to the backbone will affect the uniformity of the test results. This test method may not apply when the conditions of the test employed differ widely from those specified in this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended for use on all types of leather to determine the load required to tear a leather strap fastened in a buckle. This test method does not apply to wet blue.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2016
• ICS: 59.140.30 - Leather and furs
• Technical Committee: D31 - Leather
• Drafting Committee: D31.01 - Vegetable Leather

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4831 − 00 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
1
Buckle Tear Strength of Leather
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4831; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
3
1. Scope 3.2 Steel Punch, which will make a ⁄16 in. (4.8 mm)
diameter hole.
1.1 This test method is intended for use on all types of
leather to determine the load required to tear a leather strap
3.3 Harness Buckle, 1.25 in. (4.7 mm) with a 0.175 6
fastened in a buckle. This test method does not apply to wet
0.005-in. (4.4 6 0.1-mm) diameter tongue. It shall be attached
blue.
to a strong strap, 1.25 in. wide and at least 5 in. (127 mm) long.
The strap shall be equipped with a keeper located approxi-
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
mately 0.75 in. (19 mm) from the buckle.
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
3.4 Testing Machine, power-driven. The applied load shall
and are not considered standard.
be indicated on a dial, scale, or chart. The load indicator shall
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the record or indicate the maximum load at the time of rupture of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the the specimen. The machine shall be equipped with a set of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- grips for clamping the specimens.The faces of the grips should
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- be knurled or otherwise roughened to prevent slipping of the
1
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. specimen. The gripping surfaces shall be at least 1 by 1 ⁄2 in.
(25.4 by 38 mm). The grips shall be mounted with the longer
2. Significance and Use
dimension perpendicular to the direction of the application of
the load. The speed of the power-activated grip shall be a
2.1 This test method is designed to measure the load
uniform speed of 10 6 2 in. (254 6 50 mm)/min when running
required to tear a leather strap fastened in a buckle.Tanners and
free. The error of the machine up to a load of 50 lbf (222 N)
leather buyers have found that this test gives an indication of
shall not exceed 2 %; at loads of more than 50 lbf the error
the resistance of leather to tearing.
shall not exceed 1 %.
2.2 This test method should be suitable for specification
acceptance, design purposes, manufacturing control,
4. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units
development, and research. The thickness of the specimen and
4.1 The specimen shall be a piece of leather 1 by 8 in. (25
direction of tear relative to the backbone will affect the
uniformity of the test results. This test method may not apply by 200 mm). Note the direction of the long axis relative to the
backbone.
when the conditions of the test employed differ widely from
those specified in this test method.
5. Procedure
3. Apparatus
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5.1 Punch a ⁄16-in. (4.76-mm) hole on the long axis of the
3.1 Gage, spring-type, for measuring thickness of units,
specimen 3 in. (76.2 mm) from one end.
graduated in 0.5 oz or 0.1 mm having a flat pressure foot 0.4 6
5.2 Measure the thickness of the specimen to the nearest 0.5
0.025 in. (10.2 6 0.6 mm) in diameter and a flat anvil 0.4 6
oz (0.2 mm) of the long axis between the hole and the short
0.025 in. in diameter. The spring shall exert a force of 1 lbf
end. Place the gage foot adjacent to, but not overlapping, the
(4.45 N) on the foot when the gage reads 2 oz and 2 lbf (8.9 N)
hole.
when the gage reads 12 oz.
5.3 Fit the specimen in the buckle with the tongue of the
buckle in the hole and the short end of the specimen under the
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This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D31 on Leather
keeper. Clamp the other end of the specimen in one of the
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.01 on Vegetable Leather.
testing machine grips so that the hole is approximately 3 in. (76
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2016. Published September 2016. Originally
mm) from the grip. Clamp the free end of the buckle strap in
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D4831 – 00 (2010).
DOI: 10.1520/D4831-00R16. the other grip. Operate the machine at 10 6 2 in. (254 6 50
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D4831 − 00 (2016)
mm)/min until the specimen begins to tear.At that inst
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4831 − 00 (Reapproved 2010) D4831 − 00 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
1
Buckle Tear Strength of Leather
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4831; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is intended for use on all types of leather to determine the load required to tear a leather strap fastened
in a buckle. This test method does not apply to wet blue.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Significance and Use
2.1 This test method is designed to measure the load required to tear a leather strap fastened in a buckle. Tanners and leather
buyers have found that this test gives an indication of the resistance of leather to tearing.
2.2 This test method should be suitable for specification acceptance, design purposes, manufacturing control, development, and
research. The thickness of the specimen and direction of tear relative to the backbone will affect the uniformity of the test results.
This test method may not apply when the conditions of the test employed differ widely from those specified in this test method.
3. Apparatus
3.1 Gage, spring-type, for measuring thickness of units, graduated in 0.5 oz or 0.1 mm having a flat pressure foot 0.4 6 0.025
in. (10.2 6 0.6 mm) in diameter and a flat anvil 0.4 6 0.025 in. in diameter. The spring shall exert a force of 1 lbf (4.45 N) on
the foot when the gage reads 2 oz and 2 lbf (8.9 N) when the gage reads 12 oz.
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3.2 Steel Punch, which will make a ⁄16 in. (4.8 mm) diameter hole.
3.3 Harness Buckle, 1.25 in. (4.7 mm) with a 0.175 6 0.005-in. (4.4 6 0.1-mm) diameter tongue. It shall be attached to a strong
strap, 1.25 in. wide and at least 5 in. (127 mm) long. The strap shall be equipped with a keeper located approximately 0.75 in. (19
mm) from the buckle.
3.4 Testing Machine, power-driven. The applied load shall be indicated on a dial, scale, or chart. The load indicator shall record
or indicate the maximum load at the time of rupture of the specimen. The machine shall be equipped with a set of grips for
clamping the specimens. The faces of the grips should be knurled or otherwise roughened to prevent slipping of the specimen. The
1
gripping surfaces shall be at least 1 by 1 ⁄2 in. (25.4 by 38 mm). The grips shall be mounted with the longer dimension
perpendicular to the direction of the application of the load. The speed of the power-activated grip shall be a uniform speed of 10
6 2 in. (254 6 50 mm)/min when running free. The error of the machine up to a load of 50 lbf (222 N) shall not exceed 2 %;
at loads of more than 50 lbf the error shall not exceed 1 %.
4. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units
4.1 The specimen shall be a piece of leather 1 by 8 in. (25 by 200 mm). Note the direction of the long axis relative to the
backbone.
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D31 on Leather and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.01 on Vegetable Leather.
Current edition approved April 1, 2010Sept. 1, 2016. Published May 2010September 2016. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20052010 as
D4831 – 00 (2005).(2010). DOI: 10.1520/D4831-00R10.10.1520/D4831-00R16.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4831 − 00 (2016)
5. Procedure
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5.1 Punch a ⁄16-in. (4.76-mm) hole on the long axis of the specimen 3 in. (76.2 mm) from one end.
5.2 Measure the thickness of the specimen to the nearest 0.5 oz (0.2 mm) of the long axis between the hole and the short end.
Place the gage foot adjacent to, but not overlapping, the hole.
5.3 Fit the specimen in the buckle with the tongue of the buckl
...