59.140.30 - Leather and furs

This document specifies a quantitative test method to determine 24 kinds of pesticide residues in leather by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).This document is applicable to all types of leather that could release pesticides

This document specifies a thermal pre-ageing procedure for leather to obtain indications about the tendency to the formation of hexavalent chromium under specified conditions and the determination of hexavalent chromium according to ISO 17075-1 or ISO 17075-2.
This thermal pre-ageing procedure does not simulate any real condition in leather production or use.
It is applicable to all types of chromium tanned leather.

This International Standard specifies a chromatographic method to determine the amount of middle-chain chlorinated paraffins (MCCP) C14-C17 in processed and unprocessed leather.

This document specifies a chromatographic method to determine the amount of short-chain chlorinated
paraffins (SCCPs) C10 to C13 in processed and unprocessed leathers.

This document gives recommended values and related test methods for apparel leather, excluding furs.
It also specifies the sampling and conditioning procedures of laboratory samples.

This document specifies a chromatographic method to determine the amount of short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) C10 to C13 in processed and unprocessed leathers.

This document specifies a chromatographic method to determine the amount of middle-chain chlorinated paraffins (MCCPs) C14 to C17 in processed and unprocessed leathers.

This document specifies a method of determining the dimensional change (shrinkage) of leathers
caused by ageing. It is applicable to all leathers.

This document gives recommended values and related test methods for apparel leather, excluding furs. It also specifies the sampling and conditioning procedures of laboratory samples.

This document specifies a method for the determination of free formaldehyde, which is released under
dynamic conditions when the sample is heated in an inert dry atmosphere, in process auxiliaries for
leather. The analytical result obtained according to this procedure is expressed in milligrams per
kilogram (mg/kg) sample.

This document specifies requirements, methods of testing and methods of sampling for crust full chrome upper leather to be used in all types of footwear (see Table 1).

This document specifies a method for the determination of free and released formaldehyde in leathers.
This method, based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), is selective and not sensitive
to coloured extracts and is intended to be used for precise quantification of formaldehyde.
The formaldehyde content is taken to be the quantity of free formaldehyde and formaldehyde extracted
through hydrolysis contained in a water extract from the leather under standard conditions of use.

This document specifies a method of determining the dimensional change (shrinkage) of leathers caused by ageing. It is applicable to all leathers.

This document specifies a method for the determination of free formaldehyde, which is released under dynamic conditions when the sample is heated in an inert dry atmosphere, in process auxiliaries for leather. The analytical result obtained according to this procedure is expressed in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) sample.

This document specifies a method for the determination of free and released formaldehyde in leathers. This method, based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), is selective and not sensitive to coloured extracts and is intended to be used for precise quantification of formaldehyde. The formaldehyde content is taken to be the quantity of free formaldehyde and formaldehyde extracted through hydrolysis contained in a water extract from the leather under standard conditions of use.

This document provides guidance and requirements for packing wet blue leather intended for transport and storage. This document is applicable to wet blue leather made out of goat skin, sheep skin, cow hide and buffalo hide.

This document specifies a test method by acetonitrile solvent extraction for the determination
of the total content (solvent extractible) of the following preservative agents in leather by liquid
chromatography:
— 2-(thiocyanomethylthio)-benzothiazole (TCMTB);
— 4-chloro-3-methylphenol (PCMC);
— 2-phenylphenol (OPP);
— 2-octylisothiazol-3(2H)-one (OIT);
This method can also be used to determine breakdown products of these preservative agents, which
protect leather from microbiological attack.

This document specifies a method for determining the use of certain azo colourants which can release
certain aromatic amines.

This document specifies a test method by artificial perspiration solution aqueous extraction for the
determination of the aqueous extractable content of the following preservative agents in leather by
liquid chromatography:
— 2-(thiocyanomethylthio)-benzothiazole (TCMTB);
— 4-chloro-3-methylphenol (PCMC);
— 2-phenylphenol (OPP);
— 2-octylisothiazol-3(2H)-one (OIT);
This method can also be used to determine breakdown products of these preservative agents, which
protect leather from microbiological attack.

This document specifies a method for determining the use of certain azo colourants which can release certain aromatic amines.

This document specifies a test method to determine the degree and rate of aerobic biodegradation
of hides and skins of different animal origin, whether they are tanned or not, through the indirect
determination of CO2 produced by the degradation of collagen.
The test material is exposed to an inoculum (activated sludge from tannery wastewater) in an aqueous
medium. If there is not a tannery nearby then urban wastewater can be used as the inoculum.
The conditions established in this document correspond to optimum laboratory conditions to achieve
the maximum level of biodegradation. However, they might not necessarily correspond to the optimum
conditions or maximum level of biodegradation in the natural medium.
In general, the experimental procedure covers the determination of the degradation degree and
rate of the material under controlled conditions, which allows the analysis of the evolved carbon
dioxide produced throughout the test. For this purpose, the testing equipment complies with strict
requirements with regard to flow, temperature and agitation control.
This method applies to the following materials:
— natural polymers of animal stroma (animal tissue/skins);
— animal hides and skins tanned (leather) using organic or inorganic tanning agents;
— leathers that, under testing conditions, do not inhibit the activity of microorganisms present in the
inoculum.

This document specifies a test method by artificial perspiration solution aqueous extraction for the determination of the aqueous extractable content of the following preservative agents in leather by liquid chromatography: — 2-(thiocyanomethylthio)-benzothiazole (TCMTB); — 4-chloro-3-methylphenol (PCMC); — 2-phenylphenol (OPP); — 2-octylisothiazol-3(2H)-one (OIT); This method can also be used to determine breakdown products of these preservative agents, which protect leather from microbiological attack.

This document specifies a test method by acetonitrile solvent extraction for the determination of the total content (solvent extractible) of the following preservative agents in leather by liquid chromatography: — 2-(thiocyanomethylthio)-benzothiazole (TCMTB); — 4-chloro-3-methylphenol (PCMC); — 2-phenylphenol (OPP); — 2-octylisothiazol-3(2H)-one (OIT); This method can also be used to determine breakdown products of these preservative agents, which protect leather from microbiological attack.

This document specifies a test method to determine the degree and rate of aerobic biodegradation of hides and skins of different animal origin, whether they are tanned or not, through the indirect determination of CO2 produced by the degradation of collagen. The test material is exposed to an inoculum (activated sludge from tannery wastewater) in an aqueous medium. If there is not a tannery nearby then urban wastewater can be used as the inoculum. The conditions established in this document correspond to optimum laboratory conditions to achieve the maximum level of biodegradation. However, they might not necessarily correspond to the optimum conditions or maximum level of biodegradation in the natural medium. In general, the experimental procedure covers the determination of the degradation degree and rate of the material under controlled conditions, which allows the analysis of the evolved carbon dioxide produced throughout the test. For this purpose, the testing equipment complies with strict requirements with regard to flow, temperature and agitation control. This method applies to the following materials: — natural polymers of animal stroma (animal tissue/skins); — animal hides and skins tanned (leather) using organic or inorganic tanning agents; — leathers that, under testing conditions, do not inhibit the activity of microorganisms present in the inoculum.

This document specifies a method for determining the tensile strength, elongation at a specified load
and elongation at maximum force of leather. It is applicable to all types of leather.

This document specifies a method for determining the tensile strength, elongation at a specified load and elongation at maximum force of leather. It is applicable to all types of leather.

EN-ISO 17131 specifies a method using microscopy to identify leather and distinguish it from other materials. The method is not applicable for identifying specific leathers (e.g. sheep leather).

EN-ISO 14080 specifies a test method for the determination of tanning agents through filtration of all vegetable and synthetic tanning products

This document specifies a method using microscopy to identify leather and distinguish it from other materials. The method is not applicable for identifying specific leathers (e.g. sheep leather).

This document specifies a test method for the determination of tanning agents through filtration of all vegetable and synthetic tanning products.

This document specifies a method using microscopy to identify leather and distinguish it from other materials. The method is not applicable for identifying specific leathers (e.g. sheep leather).

This document specifies a test method for the determination of tanning agents through filtration of all vegetable and synthetic tanning products.

This document specifies a method of determining the abrasion resistance of leather using a Taber® apparatus

This document specifies a method of determining the abrasion resistance of leather using a Taber® apparatus.

This document specifies a method of determining the abrasion resistance of leather using a Taber® apparatus.

This document specifies a method for determining the stitch tear resistance of leather. It can be used on
all leathers but is particularly suitable for leathers over 1,2 mm in thickness.

This document specifies a method for determining alkylphenols (nonylphenol and octylphenol)
and alkylphenol ethoxylates (nonylphenol ethoxylate and octylphenol ethoxylate) in leather and
process auxiliaries. The analysis is based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
The analysis of the alkylphenol ethoxylate is made by cleaving the alkylphenol ethoxylate and
measuring the released alkylphenol.
NOTE ISO 18218-1 and this document use different solvents for the extraction of the ethoxylated
alkylphenols from leather. Consequently, the two analytical methods are expected to give similar trends but not
necessarily the same absolute result for the ethoxylated alkylphenol content in leather.

This document specifies a method for determining alkylphenols (nonylphenol and octylphenol) and alkylphenol ethoxylates (nonylphenol ethoxylate and octylphenol ethoxylate) in leather and process auxiliaries. The analysis is based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
The analysis of the alkylphenol ethoxylate is made by cleaving the alkylphenol ethoxylate and measuring the released alkylphenol.
NOTE ISO 18218-1 and this document use different solvents for the extraction of the ethoxylated alkylphenols from leather. Consequently, the two analytical methods are expected to give similar trends but not necessarily the same absolute result for the ethoxylated alkylphenol content in leather.

This document specifies a method for determining the stitch tear resistance of leather. It can be used on all leathers but is particularly suitable for leathers over 1,2 mm in thickness.

This document specifies a method for determining alkylphenols (nonylphenol and octylphenol) and alkylphenol ethoxylates (nonylphenol ethoxylate and octylphenol ethoxylate) in leather and process auxiliaries. The analysis is based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The analysis of the alkylphenol ethoxylate is made by cleaving the alkylphenol ethoxylate and measuring the released alkylphenol. NOTE ISO 18218-1 and this document use different solvents for the extraction of the ethoxylated alkylphenols from leather. Consequently, the two analytical methods are expected to give similar trends but not necessarily the same absolute result for the ethoxylated alkylphenol content in leather.

This document specifies a method for determining the stitch tear resistance of leather. It can be used on all leathers but is particularly suitable for leathers over 1,2 mm in thickness.

This document specifies a method for determining the resistance of all forms of leather to visible soiling
through repeated contact with soiled objects. It provides a physical pretreatment routine for leathers
that may be vulnerable to loss of soiling resistance while in service, prior to conducting further tests
such as cleaning.

This document is a reference document to support  the correct measurement of the colour of  finished  leather  by  instrumental  means.  The  document  describes  general  concepts of colour measurement adapted to leather and the calculation of differences in colour. This document defines the following:
a) the use of D65 as the standard light source for the leather industry.
b) the use of D65 light source 10º as standard conditions for colour matching, for the definition of daylight simulators, and as the
reference light source for metamerics analysis.
c) the use of CIE DE2000 as the colour difference formula

This document specifies a quantitative test method to determine 24 kinds of pesticide residues in leather by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). This document is applicable to all types of leather that could release pesticides.

This document specifies requirements, methods of test and methods of sampling for full chrome upper leather. This document is applicable to upper leather which is used in general purpose sports footwear, school footwear, casual footwear, men's town footwear, women's town footwear, cold weather footwear, fashion footwear, infants' footwear and indoor footwear.

This document specifies a method for determining the resistance of all forms of leather to visible soiling through repeated contact with soiled objects. It provides a physical pretreatment routine for leathers that may be vulnerable to loss of soiling resistance while in service, prior to conducting further tests such as cleaning.

This document specifies a method for the correct measurement of the colour of finished leather by instrumental means. The document describes general concepts of colour measurement adapted to leather and the calculation of differences in colour.
This document defines the following:
a) the use of D65 as the standard light source for the leather industry;
b) the use of D65 light source 10° as standard conditions for colour matching, for the definition of daylight simulators and as the reference light source for metamerism analysis;
c) the use of CIEDE2000 as the colour difference formula.

This document specifies a method for the determination of extractable metals in leather using extraction
with an acid artificial-perspiration solution and subsequent determination with inductively coupled
plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS),
atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) or spectrometry of atomic fluorescence (SFA).
This method determines extractable metals in leather; it is not compound-specific or specific to the
oxidation state of the metals. This method is especially suitable for determining the extractable
chromium in chromium-tanned leathers.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the total metal content in leather using
digestion of the leather and subsequent determination with inductively coupled plasma optical emission
spectrometry (ICP-OES), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), atomic absorption
spectrometry (AAS) or spectrometry of atomic fluorescence (SFA).
This method determines the total metal content in leather; it is not compound-specific or specific to the
oxidation state of the metals.
The method is applicable for determining the following metals:
Aluminium (Al) Copper (Cu) Potassium (K) Antimony (Sb) Iron (Fe) Selenium (Se)
Arsenic (As) Lead (Pb) Silicon (Si) Barium (Ba) Magnesium (Mg) Sodium (Na)
Cadmium (Cd) Manganese (Mn) Tin (Sn) Calcium (Ca) Mercury (Hg) Titanium (Ti)
Chromium (Cr) (except chromium-tanned leathers) Molybdenum (Mo) Zinc (Zn)
Cobalt (Co) Nickel (Ni) Zirconium (Zr)
This method is also suitable for determining Boron (B) in leather.
In the case of chromium-tanned leathers, it is often more relevant to use ISO 5398-1[1], ISO 5398-2[2],
ISO 5398-3[3] or ISO 5398-4 [4].
Interlaboratory test results and the quantification limits possible with ICP-OES are given in Table A.1
and Table A.2 of Annex A.