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ASTM D4938-89(2007)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Erosion Testing of Antifouling Paints Using High Velocity Water

Standard Test Method for Erosion Testing of Antifouling Paints Using High Velocity Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is intended to measure the erosion rates of ablative antifouling paint systems exposed to flowing water at velocities designed to subject the paint system to shear stresses experienced in service.  
Measurement of erosion rates are necessary to help in the assessment of ablative antifouling paint film thicknesses required for fouling control between scheduled drydockings of ships, in the selection of materials, in producing quality assurance, and in understanding the performance mechanism.
The test data is intended to serve as a guide for predicting the service life of ablative antifouling paints in order to calculate the necessary paint thickness to fit specified deployment cycles. Erosion rates of antifouling paints in service will vary depending on such factors as: berthing location, geographic area of operation, salinity, pH, and temperature of seawater. It should also be recognized that some areas of the ship are subject to different erosion rates.
The degree of correlation between results obtained from this test method and shipboard service has not been determined.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of erosion rates for marine antifouling paint systems immersed in flowing natural seawater.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Section 7.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2007
ICS
47.020.05 - Materials and components for shipbuilding
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.45 - Marine Coatings
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4938-89(2002) - Standard Test Method for Erosion Testing of Antifouling Paints Using High Velocity Water
Effective Date
01-Jun-2007
Referred By
ASTM D6990-20 - Standard Practice for Evaluating Biofouling Resistance and Physical Performance of Marine Coating Systems
Effective Date
01-Jun-2007
Referred By
ASTM D5479-94(2020) - Standard Practice for Testing Biofouling Resistance of Marine Coatings Partially Immersed
Effective Date
01-Jun-2007

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ASTM D4938-89(2007) - Standard Test Method for Erosion Testing of Antifouling Paints Using High Velocity WaterASTM D4938-89(2007) - Standard Test Method for Erosion Testing of Antifouling Paints Using High Velocity Water
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ASTM D4938-89(2007) - Standard Test Method for Erosion Testing of Antifouling Paints Using High Velocity Water
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D4938 −89(Reapproved2007)
Standard Test Method for
Erosion Testing of Antifouling Paints Using High Velocity
1
Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4938; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 Steel panels coated with the antifouling paint system
1.1 This test method covers the determination of erosion
under evaluation are positioned in a high velocity water
ratesformarineantifoulingpaintsystemsimmersedinflowing
channel, similar to the type shown in Figs. 1-3, parallel to the
natural seawater.
path of the flowing water.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2 Exposure conditions shall include at least one series of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
test panels evaluated at the standard water velocity of 12 m/s
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
and shall specify the length of time, temperature, salinity, and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
pH.Additionalvelocitiesmaybeconductedatthediscretionof
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific
the customer.
hazard statement, see Section 7.
3.3 Color photographs and coating thickness measurements
2. Referenced Documents
shallbetakenpriortoexposure,atspecifiedtimeintervals,and
2
repeated at the end of the test for comparison purposes.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A569/A569M Specification for Steel, Carbon (0.15
4. Significance and Use
Maximum,Percent),Hot-RolledSheetandStripCommer-
3
cial (Withdrawn 2000)
4.1 Thistestmethodisintendedtomeasuretheerosionrates
D823Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
of ablative antifouling paint systems exposed to flowing water
of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
at velocities designed to subject the paint system to shear
D1889Test Method for Turbidity of Water (Withdrawn
stresses experienced in service.
3
2007)
4.2 Measurement of erosion rates are necessary to help in
D2200Practice for Use of Pictorial Surface Preparation
the assessment of ablative antifouling paint film thicknesses
Standards and Guides for Painting Steel Surfaces
required for fouling control between scheduled drydockings of
4
2.2 U.S. Military Specifications:
ships, in the selection of materials, in producing quality
MIL-P-24441Paint, Epoxy-Polyamide
assurance, and in understanding the performance mechanism.
DOD-P-24647Paint, Antifouling, Ship Hull (Metric)
4.3 The test data is intended to serve as a guide for
DOD-P-24655Paint, Underwater Hull, Anticorrosion (Met-
predictingtheservicelifeofablativeantifoulingpaintsinorder
ric)
to calculate the necessary paint thickness to fit specified
deployment cycles. Erosion rates of antifouling paints in
service will vary depending on such factors as: berthing
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
location, geographic area of operation, salinity, pH, and tem-
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
perature of seawater. It should also be recognized that some
Subcommittee D01.45 on Marine Coatings.
areas of the ship are subject to different erosion rates.
Current edition approved June 1, 2007. Published August 2007. Originally
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D4938-89(2002).
4.4 Thedegreeofcorrelationbetweenresultsobtainedfrom
DOI: 10.1520/D4938-89R07.
2
this test method and shipboard service has not been deter-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
mined.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 5. Apparatus
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org.
5.1 Water Channel:
4
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
5.1.1 High velocity flowing water in a contained channel,
Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://
www.dodssp.daps.mil. similar to the type shown in Figs. 1-3, is used to induce
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4938−89(2007)
FIG. 1 High Velocity Flow Channel
FIG. 2 Simplified Schematic of Flow Channel
W, mm Velocity, m/s
50 18
hydrodynamic shear stresses on painted panels to determine
60 15
erosion rates of ablative antifouling paints.
75 12
100 9
5.1.2 The basic apparatus consists of a four-wal
...

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Standard Test Method for Subjecting Marine Antifouling Coating to Biofouling and Fluid Shear Forces in Natural Seawater

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Effective antifouling coatings are essential for the retention of speed and reduction of operating costs of ships. This test method is designed as a screening test to evaluate antifouling coating systems under conditions of hydrodynamic stress caused by water flow alternated with static exposure to a fouling environment. A dynamic test is necessary because of the increasing availability of AF coatings that are designed to ablate in service to expose a fresh antifouling surface. Because no ship is underway continually, a static exposure phase is included to give fouling microorganisms the opportunity to attach under static conditions. After an initial 30-day static exposure, alternated 30-day dynamic and static exposures are recommended as a standard cycle. The initial static exposure is selected to represent vessels coming out of drydock and sitting pierside while work is being completed. This gives the paint time to lose any remaining solvents, complete curing, absorb water, and, in general, stabilize to the in-water environment.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of antifouling performance and reduction of thickness of marine antifouling (AF) coatings by erosion or ablation (see Section 3) under specified conditions of hydrodynamic shear stress in seawater alternated with static exposure in seawater. An antifouling coating system of known performance is included to serve as a control in antifouling studies.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazards statement, see Section 8.  
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ASTM F941-99(2019)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Inspection of Marine Surface Preparation and Coating Application

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This practice may be invoked by any of the parties mentioned in 1.2 and may be included as part of a specification or used to clarify or reinforce an existing specification that does not adequately address inspection. When invoked by the ship owner on the shipbuilder, the shipbuilder is responsible for the coordination effort.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended to serve as a guide for determining specific inspection requirements for marine surface preparation and coating application during new construction, major retrofit, or routine maintenance contracts.  
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